Test Bank for Building a Medical Vocabulary 7th Edition by Leonard

Test Bank for Building a Medical Vocabulary 7th

Edition by Leonard

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Chapter 07: Body Fluids and Immunity
Copyright © 2009, 2005, 2001, 1997, 1993, 1988, 1983 by Saunders, an imprint Elsevier Inc.

MULTIPLE CHOICE

Select one answer (A to D) for each of the following.

1. Which term means an excess of blood in part of the body caused by increased blood flow?
a. hyperemia
b. macrocytosis
c. phagocytosis
d. thrombosis
ANS: A

2. Which of the following means having no tendency to repair itself or develop into new
tissue?
a. alytic
b. analytic
c. aplastic
d. anplastic
ANS: C

3. Which of the following is true of leukocytosis?

a. It is the same as leukemia.
b. It is an increase in the number of leukocytes.
c. It is usually associated with anemia.
d. It is characterized by a deficiency of hemoglobin.
ANS: B

4. What is the term for a nucleus that is divided in such a way that it appears to have multiple
nuclei?
a. polymorphonuclear
b. polymicrocytic
c. poikilocytic
d. poikilonuclear
ANS: A

5. Receiving a vaccination is likely to produce which type of immunity?

a. active artificial
b. active natural
c. passive artificial
d. passive natural
ANS: A

6. What is extracellular fluid?

 a. fluid inside the nucleolus
b. fluid that is contained within the body cells
c. fluid that is not contained within the cells
d. the liquid part of a cell
ANS: C

7. How do the erythrocytes appear in spherocytosis?

a. larger than normal
b. lighter than normal
c. round
d. sickled
ANS: C

8. What does nucleoid mean?

a. an enlarged nucleus
b. a round nucleus
c. absence of a nucleus
d. resembling a nucleus
ANS: D

9. What is the name of the substance from which fibrin originates?

a. thrombogen
b. thrombolysis
c. fibrinogen
d. fibrinolysis
ANS: C

10. Which term means between cells?

a. extracellular
b. intracellular
c. intercellular
d. supracellular
ANS: C

11. Which of the following is a general intoxication of the body resulting from absorption of
bacterial toxins?
a. cytotoxicity
b. toxoid
c. atoxic
d. toxemia
ANS: D

12. Which type of body fluid composes the greatest percentage in a normal adult?
a. extracellular fluid
b. intracellular fluid
c. interstitial fluid
 d. blood plasma
ANS: B

13. Which term means a generalized swelling caused by excessive accumulation of fluid in the
body tissues?
a. dehydration
b. edema
c. phagocytosis
d. viscosity
ANS: B

14. Which term means the body’s ability to counteract the effects of a foreign invader?
a. pathogenicity
b. resistance
c. susceptibility
d. virulence
ANS: B

15. What is the name of the surgical procedure whereby living organs are transferred from one
part of the body to another or from one individual to another?
a. transmission
b. transreaction
c. transplant
d. rejection
ANS: C

16. Which term is a surgical term?

a. erythropoietin
b. fibrinolysis
c. prophylaxis
d. thrombectomy
ANS: D

17. Which of the following means a life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction to a previously

encountered antigen?
a. anaphylactic reaction
b. autoimmune disorder
c. Kaposi sarcoma
d. lupus erythematosus
ANS: A

18. What term means the same as allogenic?

a. autologous
b. allogeneic
c. allograft
d. homologous
 ANS: B

19. Which of the following is not a leukocyte?

a. basophil
b. eosinophil
c. lymphocyte
d. microcyte
ANS: D

20. What does hypochromia mean?

a. causing pigment or color
b. absence of color in the urine
c. a condition in which erythrocytes have increased hemoglobin content
d. a condition in which erythrocytes have reduced hemoglobin content
ANS: D

21. What is the function of an erythrocyte?

a. transports oxygen
b. initiates coagulation
c. manufactures antibodies
d. defends the body against disease
ANS: A

22. What is the function of blood platelets?

a. transport oxygen
b. initiate coagulation
c. pigment in cells
d. body defense
ANS: B

23. Which of the following terms refers to a coagulopathy?

a. agranulocytosis
b. disseminated intravascular coagulation
c. infectious mononucleosis
d. partial thromboplastin time
ANS: B

24. Which statement is true?

a. Body defense mechanisms are classified as internal and external defenses.
b. Body defenses are classified on the basis of the antigen.
c. Most humans have many body defenses.
d. The antigen-antibody reaction is always favorable to the individual.
ANS: C

25. Which of the following is a specific defense mechanism?

 a. cell-mediated immunity
b. inflammation
c. phagocytes
d. unbroken skin
ANS: A

26. Which of the following is the best description of a poikilocyte?

a. round
b. immature
c. large
d. abnormal shape
ANS: D

27. Which term means noise in the ears, such as ringing?

a. tinnitus
b. syncope
c. pallor
d. dyspnea
ANS: A

28. Which of the following is a systemic infectious condition caused by pathogenic

microorganisms, their enzymes, or their toxins?
a. bone marrow failure
b. Christmas disease
c. hemophilia
d. septicemia
ANS: D

29. Which of the following is not a hemoglobinopathy?

a. aplastic anemia
b. sickle cell trait
c. sickle cell anemia
d. hemoglobin C disease
ANS: A

30. The introduction of whole blood or blood components into the bloodstream of a person is
called a blood ______________.
a. agglutination
b. hemostasis
c. fibrinolysis
d. transfusion
ANS: D

31. Which of the following is more likely to occur in vitamin K deficiency?

a. xanthosis
b. hemorrhagic tendencies
 c. agranulocytosis
d. deficiency of antibodies
ANS: B

32. Which of the following conditions is not considered a classic sign or symptom of anemia?
a. dyspnea
b. tachycardia
c. pallor
d. purulence
ANS: D

33. Which of the following characteristics is most often associated with anemia?
a. increased red blood cell count
b. decreased red blood cell count
c. increased white blood cell count
d. decreased white blood cell count
ANS: B

34. Which of the following characteristics is most often associated with erythrocytosis?
a. increased red blood cell count
b. decreased red blood cell count
c. increased white blood cell count
d. decreased white blood cell count
ANS: A

35. Which of the following best describes leukocytosis?

a. increased red blood cell count
b. decreased red blood cell count
c. increased white blood cell count
d. decreased white blood cell count
ANS: C

36. Which of the following conditions is most often associated with leukemia?
a. increased red blood cell count
b. decreased red blood cell count
c. increased white blood cell count
d. decreased white blood cell count
ANS: C

37. Which of the following best describes leukopenia?

a. increased red blood cell count
b. decreased red blood cell count
c. increased white blood cell count
d. decreased white blood cell count
ANS: D
38. What is the function of a leukocyte?
a. transports oxygen
b. initiates coagulation
c. helps defend the body against disease
d. manufactures hemoglobin
ANS: C

39. Which statement is generally true?

a. Fluid intake is greater than fluid output.
b. Fluid intake is less than fluid output.
c. Fluid intake equals fluid output.
d. Depriving the body of needed water eventually leads to edema.
ANS: C

40. Which term means fainting?

a. tinnitus
b. syncope
c. pallor
d. dyspnea
ANS: B

41. What is the type of transplant in which one receives tissue from an individual of the same
species?
a. allograft
b. amniocentesis
c. autologous
d. isograft
ANS: A

42. Which of the following is not a type of leukocyte?

a. eosinophil
b. basophil
c. spherocyte
d. lymphocyte
ANS: C

43. Which of the following is not a hemoglobinopathy?

a. sickle cell anemia
b. iron deficiency anemia
c. hemoglobin C disease
d. hemoglobin E disease
ANS: B

44. Which word means the study of blood and blood-forming tissues?
a. hematologic
 b. hematological
c. hematology
d. hematologist
ANS: C

45. Which of the following describes the term hematocrit?

a. a laboratory test on blood
b. a type of blood cell
c. viewing of blood cells
d. attraction to blood
ANS: A

46. Which of the following words is a substance that prevents blood from clotting?
a. coagulation
b. coagulant
c. anticoagulant
d. coagulytic
ANS: C

47. What does in vivo mean?

a. in the body
b. in a test tube
c. in an artificial environment
d. inside a virus
ANS: A

48. Which of the following is a nonspecific defense mechanism?

a. complement
b. B lymphocytes
c. T lymphocytes
d. antibody-mediated immunity
ANS: A

49. Which of the following best describes the role of body fluids?
a. manufacturing of oxygen that is essential for survival
b. manufacturing of vitamins and minerals
c. transportation of nutrients and removal of wastes
d. augmentation of body weight
ANS: C

50. What is erythropoiesis?

a. destruction of the blood, specifically the erythrocytes
b. a deficiency of hemoglobin in the erythrocytes
c. production of erythrocytes
d. the presence of abnormal erythrocytes
 ANS: C

51. What are erythrocytes?

a. red blood cells
b. white blood cells
c. thrombocytes
d. leukocytes
ANS: A

52. Which of the following statements is not true concerning thrombocytes?

a. They are also called platelets.
b. They initiate the formation of a blood clot.
c. They initiate the formation of a thrombus.
d. They are responsible for the transportation of oxygen.
ANS: D

53. What does the term hematoma mean?

a. a tumor composed of blood vessels
b. a localized collection of blood in a tissue or space
c. any substance that resembles blood
d. accumulation of blood in the eye
ANS: B

54. Which of the following terms is another word for coagulate?

a. clot
b. agglutinate
c. thrombus
d. none of the above
ANS: A

55. Which of the following is not true of a hemoglobinopathy?

a. It is associated with the presence of an abnormal hemoglobin.
b. It is hereditary.
c. Hemoglobin electrophoresis may be used to diagnose the condition.
d. Treatment may consist of an intrauterine transfusion.
ANS: D

56. What is an evaluation of the number of white blood cells called?

a. an erythrocyte count
b. a leukocyte count
c. a thrombocyte count
d. a platelet count
ANS: B

57. Which of the following is an adjective that means capable of dissolving a thrombus?
a. thrombolyso
 b. thrombolysis
c. thrombolytic
d. thrombolysin
ANS: C

58. What is a thrombus?

a. a substance that dissolves a blood clot
b. formation of a clot inside a blood vessel
c. spontaneous dissolution of a blood clot
d. another name for hemolysin
ANS: B

59. What is meant by the term thrombectomy?

a. spontaneous dissolution of a blood clot
b. surgical removal of a blood clot
c. movement of a blood clot from its origin
d. destruction of a blood clot by the use of medication
ANS: B

60. Which of the following means the destruction of red blood cells with the liberation of
hemoglobin that diffuses into the fluid surrounding the red cells?
a. thrombolysis
b. hemolysis
c. erythropoiesis
d. globulinogenesis
ANS: B

61. Which of the following is a malignant disease of the hematopoietic organs?

a. leukemia
b. leukopenia
c. erythropenia
d. thrombosis
ANS: A

62. What is the term for a reduction in the number of red blood cells, hemoglobin, or both red
blood cells and hemoglobin?
a. erythropenia
b. anemia
c. erythrocytosis
d. none of the above
ANS: B

63. What does thrombocytopenia mean?

a. insufficient erythrocytes
b. insufficient leukocytes
c. insufficient thrombi
 d. none of the above
ANS: D

64. Which of the following is true of hemophilia?

a. It is a deficiency of red blood cells.
b. It is a deficiency of white blood cells.
c. It is a bleeding disorder.
d. none of the above
ANS: C

65. Which of the following is a substance that causes hemolysis?

a. hemolytic
b. hemolyze
c. hemolysin
d. none of the above
ANS: C

66. Which of the following is a disorder in which there is an increase in the number of red blood
cells?
a. thrombocytopenia
b. cyanemia
c. polycythemia
d. leukocytosis
ANS: C

67. Abnormal enlargement of a cell nucleus is called __________.

a. polymorph
b. karyomegaly
c. nucleoid
d. toxemia
ANS: B

68. What is the literal translation of the term microcyte?

a. a small cell
b. a large cell
c. a cell with an irregular shape
d. a cell with unusual coloration
ANS: A

69. Which of the following is true regarding passive natural immunity?

a. It occurs after mild exposure to a disease.
b. It occurs as a result of having an acute disease.
c. It requires a deliberate action of either receiving a vaccine or antibodies.
d. It results from fetal exposure to maternal antibodies.
ANS: D
70. What is the term for a large cell that engulfs other matter?
a. microcyte
b. macrocyte
c. macrophage
d. macropod
ANS: C

71. Which term means a heightened reaction to an antigen?

a. hypersensitivity
b. pallor
c. syncope
d. tinnitus
ANS: A

72. Which of the following words does not refer to a large cell?
a. macrophage
b. megalocyte
c. microcyte
d. macrocyte
ANS: C

73. Which of the following means a condition in which erythrocytes are not of equal size?
a. anisocytosis
b. poikilocytosis
c. isotonicity
d. spherocytosis
ANS: A

74. What is the term for the presence of irregularly shaped erythrocytes in the blood?
a. anisocytosis
b. poikilocytosis
c. isotonicity
d. spherocytosis
ANS: B

75. What does karyomegaly mean?

a. the presence of many megalocytes in the blood
b. a disordered mental state characterized by delusions of grandeur
c. gigantism or somatomegaly
d. abnormal enlargement of a cell nucleus
ANS: D

76. What is meant by the term mucous?

a. composed of or secreting mucus
b. resembling the slimy material of mucous membranes
 c. the presence of an excessive amount of mucus
d. similar to or causing a mutation
ANS: A

77. Which of the following means destruction of a blood clot?

a. thrombogenesis
b. karyoscopy
c. fibrinolysis
d. hemography
ANS: C

78. Which of the following represents active natural immunity by an individual?

a. developing antibodies after contracting a disease
b. developing antibodies after receiving a vaccine
c. fetal exposure to maternal antibodies
d. receiving antibodies of another person by injection
ANS: A

79. Which is true of antibodies?

a. They are immunoglobulins.
b. They are antigens.
c. They are generally formed against one’s own cells.
d. They are foreign substances to the body.
ANS: A

80. What does cytotoxicity mean?

a. the degree of virulence of any toxin
b. having toxic effects on cells
c. a toxin that stimulates antibody formation
d. any diseased condition due to toxins
ANS: B

81. Which of the following terms means a substance that can dissolve a blood clot?
a. coagulant
b. fibrin
c. fibrinogen
d. fibrinolysin
ANS: D

82. Which of the following represents passive artificial immunity by an individual?

a. developing antibodies after contracting a disease
b. developing antibodies after receiving a vaccine
c. fetal exposure to maternal antibodies
d. receiving antibodies of another person by injection
ANS: D
83. What is the term for discharging a substance into a cavity?
a. excretion
b. perspiration
c. secretion
d. viscosity
ANS: C

84. Which of the following describes the type of transfusion that occurs when blood is removed
from a donor and stored before it is returned to the same person’s circulation?
a. allogeneic
b. allogenic
c. autologous
d. homologous
ANS: C

85. What does in vitro mean?

a. in the body
b. in an artificial environment
c. inside a virus
d. inside a blood vessel
ANS: B

86. Which term means exaggerated, life-threatening hypersensitivity reactions?

a. anaphylaxis
b. natural immunization
c. passive immunization
d. prophylaxis
ANS: A

87. A bruise is a form of which of the following?

a. hemolysis
b. hematoma
c. hemangioma
d. none of the above
ANS: B

88. Which of the following is not part of the body’s nonspecific immune responses?
a. antibodies
b. inflammation
c. interferon
d. phagocytes
ANS: A

89. Which of the following is a verb that describes the action of a hemolysin?
a. hemolysis
 b. hemolytic
c. hemolyze
d. none of the above
ANS: C

90. What is the name of the liquid part of blood that has been treated with an anticoagulant?
a. water
b. serum
c. plasma
d. hemoglobin
ANS: C

91. A specific blood sample was observed, and 1% of its total volume was buffy coat, 48% was
erythrocytes, and the remaining 51% was a straw-colored fluid. The value of the patient’s
hematocrit is:
a. 1%
b. 48%
c. 51%
d. 100%
ANS: B

92. Which of the following represents the cellular components of blood?

a. erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes
b. erythrocytes, leukocytes, and plasma
c. erythrocytes, thrombocytes, and plasma
d. leukocytes, thrombocytes, and plasma
ANS: A

93. Where is the hemoglobin normally located?

a. in the buffy coat only
b. in the erythrocytes only
c. in the plasma only
d. in all parts of the blood
ANS: B

94. Which of the following would a physician prescribe for a patient who has a tendency to
form clots within the blood vessels?
a. an in vivo coagulant
b. an in vitro coagulant
c. an in vivo anticoagulant
d. an in vitro anticoagulant
ANS: C

95. What is the term for an evaluation of the number of erythrocytes?

a. red blood cell count
b. white blood cell count
 c. platelet count
d. thrombocyte count
ANS: A

96. Which of the following is a diagnostic test that is used to identify abnormal hemoglobins?
a. differential white cell count
b. electrophoresis
c. hematocrit
d. leukocyte count
ANS: B

97. Which of the following is any substance that is capable of inducing a specific immune
response?
a. antigen
b. antibody
c. nonspecific defense
d. specific defense
ANS: A

98. Which type of immunity is involved when antibodies are received in a transfusion from
another person?
a. active artificial
b. active natural
c. passive artificial
d. passive natural
ANS: D

99. Which of the following is a viral disease involving a defect in cell-mediated immunity that
is characterized by various opportunistic infections?
a. acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
b. erythroblastosis fetalis
c. nosocomial infection
d. trichomoniasis
ANS: A

100. Which of the following is an examination and enumeration of the distribution of white cells
in a blood smear?
a. differential white cell count
b. electrophoresis
c. hematocrit
d. leukocyte count
ANS: A

COMPLETION
 Write one word for the following.

1. a cell that lacks granules_____________________

ANS: agranulocyte

2. a lack of resistance to disease ________________________

ANS: susceptibility

3. agent that suppresses the immune response ________________________

ANS: immunosuppressant

4. any disease (disorder) of coagulation ________________________

ANS: coagulopathy

5. blood clotting ________________________

ANS: coagulation

6. dissolving of a thrombus ________________________

ANS: thrombolysis

7. fluid of the lymphatic system ________________________

ANS: lymph

8. hormone that stimulates erythrocyte production ___________________

ANS: erythropoietin

9. increased level of sodium in the blood ________________________

ANS: hypernatremia

10. localized collection of pus in a cavity ________________________

ANS: abscess

Some of the medical terms in the following list are spelled incorrectly. Find and correctly
spell all misspelled words.

11. aglutination ________________________

ANS: agglutination
12. cytotoxsicity ________________________

ANS: cytotoxicity

13. hematopoiesis ________________________

ANS: (correct)

14. isograft ________________________

ANS: (correct)

15. antihistamine ________________________

ANS: (correct)

Syllables are shown for the following terms. Indicate the primary accented syllable in each
term by typing which numbered syllable receives the primary accent: 1, 2, 3, 4, etc.
Example: biology (bi ol je) 2

16. extracellular (eks tr sel u l r)

ANS: 3

17. immunoglobulin (im mu no glob u lin)

ANS: 4

18. interferon (in t r f r on)

ANS: 3

19. necrosis (n kro sis)

ANS: 2

20. staphylococcemia (staf lo kok se me )

ANS: 5

Write the meaning of each abbreviation.

21. AHF ______________________________

ANS: antihemophilic factor

22. Hb ______________________________

ANS: hemoglobin
 23. HCT ______________________________

ANS: hematocrit

24. PMN ______________________________

ANS: polymorphonuclear

25. HIV ______________________________

ANS: human immunodeficiency virus

Write the meaning of the underlined terms in the following case study.

A 25-year-old woman came to the emergency room complaining of dizziness and headache.
Examination revealed pallor and tachycardia. The patient had a history of dyspnea on
exertion, tinnitus, and syncope. Blood tests and ECG were ordered. Tachycardia was the
only abnormality demonstrated in the ECG. All blood tests were normal except the CBC,
which indicated a microcytic hypochromic anemia. Additional tests were ordered to
determine the cause of the anemia.

26. pallor _________________________

ANS: paleness

27. tachycardia _____________________________

ANS: increased pulse rate

28. dyspnea __________________________

ANS: difficult breathing

29. tinnitus _____________________________________

ANS: noise in the ears such as ringing

30. syncope ________________________________

ANS: fainting

MATCHING

Match terms with their appropriate category (A to E).

a. anatomy
b. diagnostic test or procedure
c. pathology
d. surgery
Test Bank for Building a Medical Vocabulary 7th Edition by Leonard

e. therapy
1. blood transfusion
2. differential white cell count
3. erythrocyte
4. skin graft
5. staphylococcemia

1. ANS: E
2. ANS: B
3. ANS: A
4. ANS: D
5. ANS: C

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