sustainability

Correction
Correction: Lee et al. Development of Meso- and Macro-Pore
Carbonization Technology from Biochar in Treating the Stumps
of Representative Trees in Taiwan. Sustainability 2022, 14, 14792
Shih-Chi Lee 1 , Yutaka Kitamura 2 , Chuan-Chi Chien 1, * , Chun-Shen Cheng 1 , Jen-Hao Cheng 1 ,
Shu-Hsien Tsai 1 and Chin-Cheng Hsieh 3

1 Central Region Campus, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Nantou 310401, Taiwan
2 Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
3 Department of Biomechatronics Engineering, National Ping-Tung University of Science and Technology,
Pingtung 912301, Taiwan
* Correspondence: varian@itri.org.tw; Tel.: +886-7-3311658-809; Fax: +886-7-3310560

The authors would like to make the following corrections about the published paper [1].
The changes are as follows:
(1) Authors would like to delete pH column and move all columns to the left, adding
“Activator” to the last column. The following table, present in the original article:

Citation: Lee, S.-C.; Kitamura, Y.;

Chien, C.-C.; Cheng, C.-S.; Cheng,
J.-H.; Tsai, S.-H.; Hsieh, C.-C.
Correction: Lee et al. Development of
Meso- and Macro-Pore Carbonization
Technology from Biochar in Treating
the Stumps of Representative Trees in
Taiwan. Sustainability 2022, 14, 14792.
Sustainability 2023, 15, 6802. https://
doi.org/10.3390/su15086802

Received: 6 April 2023

Accepted: 10 April 2023
Published: 18 April 2023

Copyright: © 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
This article is an open access article
distributed under the terms and
conditions of the Creative Commons
Attribution (CC BY) license (https://
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/
4.0/).

Sustainability 2023, 15, 6802. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086802 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/sustainability

Sustainability 2023, 15, 6802 2 of 3

Table 3. Measurement results of pore characteristics of each type of biochar after activation and
modification (n = 3). The data of only high temperature carbonization but not activated are also
attached to the reference for discussion.

Specific Microporous Meso and Microporous Meso and Meso and Meso and
Carbonization Total pore
Sample Carbonization pH Surface SSA Macrop- Volume Macroporous Macrop- Macrop-
Source Temp. (◦ C) Period Area (SSA) orous Volume Volumn orous SSA orous
(min.) (m2 /g) (mL/g) (mL/g)
(m2 /g) SSA(m2 /g) (mL/g) % Volumn %
Leucaena
leucocephala 900 30 82.46 37.34 45.12 0.0926 0.017 0.0756 54.72 81.64 N/A

Ziziphus 900 30 325.4 270.58 54.82 0.2232 0.1636 0.0596 16.85 26.70
jujuba N/A

Syzygium 900 30 102.79 42.70 60.09 0.1243 0.053 0.0713 58.46 57.36
samarangense N/A

Leucaena oyster shell

900 60 231.683 169.150 62.540 0.192 0.108 0.084 26.99 43.71
leucocephala powder
Ziziphus oyster shell
900 60 330.960 258.330 72.630 0.248 0.219 0.029 21.95 11.52
jujuba powder
Syzygium oyster shell
900 60 357.907 278.480 79.430 0.278 0.171 0.107 22.19 38.46
samarangense powder
Leucaena
900 60 396.17 326.89 69.82 0.2782 0.1981 0.0801 17.62 28.79 KOH
leucocephala
Ziziphus 900 60 433.94 345.88 88.06 0.3197 0.2172 0.1025 20.29 32.06 KOH
jujuba
Syzygium 900 60 575 498.11 76.89 0.3884 0.2968 0.0916 13.37 23.58 KOH
samarangense
Leucaena
900 60 251.72 179.63 72.09 0.209 0.0898 0.1192 28.64 57.03 H3 PO4
leucocephala
Ziziphus 900 60 144.89 103.81 41.08 0.1288 0.0544 0.0744 28.35 57.76 H3 PO4
jujuba
Syzygium 900 60 633.98 570.8 63.18 0.3796 0.2746 0.105 9.97 27.66 H3 PO4
samarangense

should be replaced with:

Table 3. Measurement results of pore characteristics of each type of biochar after activation and
modification (n = 3). The data of only high temperature carbonization but not activated are also
attached to the reference for discussion.

Specific Meso and Meso and Meso and

Carbonization Surface Microporous Total Pore Microporous Macrop- Meso and
Sample Carbonization SSA Macrop- Volume Macrop- Activator
Source Temp. (o C) Period Area orous SSA Volume orous Macroporous orous
(min.) (SSA) (m2 /g) (mL/g) (mL/g) Volumn SSA %
(m2 /g) Volumn %
(m2 /g) (mL/g)
W9-L. 900 30 82.46 37.34 45.12 0.0926 0.017 0.0756 54.72 81.64
leucocephala N/A

R9-Z. jujuba 900 30 325.4 270.58 54.82 0.2232 0.1636 0.0596 16.85 26.70 N/A
S9-S.
samarangense 900 30 102.79 42.70 60.09 0.1243 0.053 0.0713 58.46 57.36 N/A

W9P-L. oyster shell

leucocephala 900 60 231.683 169.150 62.540 0.192 0.108 0.084 26.99 43.71
powder
R9P-Z. oyster shell
900 60 330.960 258.330 72.630 0.248 0.219 0.029 21.95 11.52
jujuba powder
S9P-S. oyster shell
samarangense 900 60 357.907 278.480 79.430 0.278 0.171 0.107 22.19 38.46
powder
W9K-L.
leucocephala 900 60 396.17 326.89 69.82 0.2782 0.1981 0.0801 17.62 28.79 KOH

R9K-Z.
900 60 433.94 345.88 88.06 0.3197 0.2172 0.1025 20.29 32.06 KOH
jujuba
S9K-S.
samarangense 900 60 575 498.11 76.89 0.3884 0.2968 0.0916 13.37 23.58 KOH

W9H-L.
900 60 251.72 179.63 72.09 0.209 0.0898 0.1192 28.64 57.03 H3 PO4
leucocephala
R9H-Z. 900 60 144.89 103.81 41.08 0.1288 0.0544 0.0744 28.35 57.76 H3 PO4
jujuba
S9H-S.
900 60 633.98 570.8 63.18 0.3796 0.2746 0.105 9.97 27.66 H3 PO4
samarangense

The authors apologize for any inconvenience caused and state that the scientific
conclusions are unaffected. The original publication has also been updated.
Sustainability 2023, 15, 6802 3 of 3

Reference
1. Lee, S.-C.; Kitamura, Y.; Chien, C.-C.; Cheng, C.-S.; Cheng, J.-H.; Tsai, S.-H.; Hsieh, C.-C. Development of Meso- and Macro-Pore
Carbonization Technology from Biochar in Treating the Stumps of Representative Trees in Taiwan. Sustainability 2022, 14, 14792.
[CrossRef]

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