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Sylvia Mader
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Chapter 8 Cellular Reproduction
Multiple Choice Questions

1. When during the cell cycle are chromosomes visible?
A. only during interphase
B. only when they are being copied
C. during Mitosis
D. only during the G1 phase
E. Chromosomes are always visible
2. Which following pair is correctly matched?
A. G1 phase - DNA replication
B. G2 phase - preparation for meiosis
C. S phase - DNA replication
D. M phase - cell growth
E. G0 phases - cell growth
3. Which of the following statements is correct regarding the events of the cell cycle?
A. DNA is duplicated during the G1 and G2 phases.
B. DNA replicates during cytokinesis.
C. The M phase is usually the longest phase.
D. Interphase consists of G1, S, and G2.
E. The cell stops growing in G2 phase.
4. Nuclear division is represented in the figure below by the letter ___.
A. a
B. b
C. c
D. d
E. e
5. Refer to the figure below. Differentiated cells, such as nerve cells, would be in which of the following stages of the
cell cycle?
A. a
B. b
C. c
D. d
E. e
6. The structure labeled "c" in the following figure is called the ________.
A. centromere
B. centriole
C. sister chromatid
D. spindle
E. non-sister chromatid
7. The structures labeled "d" in the following figure are called ________.
A. centromeres
B. centrioles
C. sister chromatids
D. spindles
E. non-sister chromatids
8. Which of the following represents the phases of mitosis in their proper sequence?
A. prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
B. interphase, prophase, metaphase, telophase
C. anaphase, interphase, prophase, metaphase, telophase
D. prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis
E. metaphase, interphase, cytokinesis, anaphase, telophase
9. All of the following statements are true about mitosis except
A. the cells arising from the process are genetically alike.
B. the process of mitosis is followed by cytokinesis.
C. spindle fibers are involved in the movement of chromosomes.
D. both sexually and asexually reproducing organisms utilize the process of mitosis.
E. the cells arising from the process all have half of the genetic material.
10. DNA and histones form beadlike globules known as __________.
A. nucleotides
B. the chromatin network
C. centrosomes
D. nucleosomes
E. mesosomes
11. Susan was examining a cell under the microscope and noticed the formation of a cell plate in the midline of the
cell and the formation of nuclei at opposite poles of the cell. The cell under examination was most likely a(n)
_________.
A. animal cell in the M phase of the cell cycle
B. dividing bacterial cell
C. plant cell undergoing cytokinesis
D. animal cell undergoing cytokinesis
E. plant cell in the anaphase stage
12. While Jeff was looking under the microscope at cells in different stages of mitosis he commented on the fact that
many cells were in the same stage. If you were looking under the compound light microscope at an onion root tip,
what stage would the majority of the cells be in the cell cycle?
A. anaphase
B. metaphase
C. cytokinesis
D. interphase
E. prophase
13. Which of the following organelles would be abundant and in close proximity to the cell plate in a plant cell
undergoing cytokinesis?
A. centrioles
B. Golgi apparatus
C. rough endoplasmic reticulum
D. lysosomes
E. central vacuole
14. The G2 checkpoint prevents the cell cycle from continuing until ________.
A. DNA is completely replicated
B. damage to DNA can be repaired
C. replicated DNA is separated
D. organelles have been duplicated
E. DNA is completely replicated AND damage to DNA can be repaired
15. A mutation results in a cell that no longer produces a normal protein kinase for the M-phase checkpoint. Which of
the following would likely be the immediate result of this mutation?
A. The cell would prematurely enter anaphase.
B. The cell would never leave metaphase.
C. The cell would never enter metaphase.
D. The cell would never enter prophase.
E. The cell would undergo normal mitosis, but fail to enter the next G1.
16. The figure below shows a cell in the mitotic stage of ________.
A. anaphase
B. interphase
C. metaphase
D. prophase
E. telophase
A. anaphase
B. interphase
C. metaphase
D. prophase
E. telophase
A. anaphase
B. interphase
C. metaphase
D. prophase
E. telophase
19. Ben was looking at onion root tip cells under the microscope in Biology class. He saw one cell that had two nuclei
within it. What stage of the cell cycle was this cell in?
A. anaphase
B. interphase
C. metaphase
D. prophase
E. telophase/cytokinesis
20. A cell is inhibited during the S phase of its cycle. It will not reproduce due to lack of
A. ATP availability.
B. centriole migration.
C. centromere formation.
D. DNA synthesis.
E. plasma membrane structure.
21. If there are twenty centromeres in a cell, how many chromosomes are there?
A. 10
B. 20
C. 30
D. 40
E. 80
22. Cytokinesis usually, but not always, follows mitosis. If a cell undergoes mitosis and not cytokinesis, this would
result in
A. a cell with a single large nucleus.
B. a cell with two or more nuclei.
C. cells with abnormally small nuclei.
D. feedback responses that prevent mitosis.
E. death of the cell line.
23. How do the daughter cells at the end of mitosis and cytokinesis compare to their parent cell when it was in G1 of
the cell cycle?
A. The daughter cells have half of the amount of cytoplasm and half the amount of DNA.
B. The daughter cells have half the number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA.
C. The daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA.
D. The daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes and the same amount of DNA.
E. The daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes and twice the amount of DNA.
24. All of the following occur during the latter stages of mitotic prophase EXCEPT
A. the coiling of chromosomes.
B. the division of centromeres.
C. the formation of spindles.
D. the synthesis of DNA.
E. the degradation of the nuclear envelope.
25. Some of the drugs used in chemotherapy work by ________.
A. increasing telomeres
B. preventing spindle formation
C. producing kinases
D. inhibiting cytokinesis
E. causing cells to divide quickly
26. Place the stages of mitosis in the correct order.
A. prophase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase
B. telophase, anaphase, metaphase, interphase
C. prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
D. interphase, prophase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis
E. interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis
27. If a cell has 46 chromosomes at the beginning of mitosis, then at the end of anaphase there would be a total of
A. 23 chromatids.
B. 23 chromosomes.
C. 46 chromotids.
D. 46 chromosomes.
E. 92 chromosomes.
28. What would occur in a cell if the production of cyclins halted during the cell cycle?
A. DNA would not be replicated in the S phase.
B. Organelles would not be duplicated in G1.
C. The cell would not complete cytokinesis.
D. The cell would enter the G0 phase.
E. The cell would remain in the G2 phase and would not enter into mitosis.
29. All of the following occur during mitosis EXCEPT
C. the formation of a spindle.
30. Measurements of the amount of DNA per nucleus were taken on a large number of cells from a growing fungus.
The measure of DNA levels ranged from 3 to 6 picograms per nucleus. One nucleus had 5 picograms of DNA.
What stage of the cell cycle was the nucleus in?
A. G0
B. G1
C. S
D. G2
E. M
31. Susan went to an oncologist because some cancerous cells had been detected within her breast tissue. Which of
the following is NOT a warning signal for cancer?
A. The cells in the breast tissue lacked differentiation.
B. Some cells in the tissue had failed to acquire the specialized structure that the cell should have.
C. Some cells had abnormally large nuclei.
D. The cells had an abnormal number of chromosomes.
E. Some cells were found going through the cell cycle.
32. Rick had a high incidence of cancer in his family. Four of the following five statements are preventative measures
to avoid cancer. Which of the following is not correct?
A. Increase consumption of foods rich in vitamin A and C.
B. Avoid salt-cured, pickled, or smoked foods.
C. Increase consumption of vegetables from the cabbage family.
D. Avoid cigarette smoking, smokeless tobacco, and sunbathing.
E. Avoid a high fiber, low sodium diet.
33. ___ are a type of internal signal molecule used in controlling the cell cycle.
A. Kinases
B. Histones
C. Centromeres
D. Actins
E. Nucleosomes
34. Cyclins function by ________.
A. maintaining a constant level
B. preventing the functioning of kinases
C. combining with kinases
D. causing apoptosis
E. preventing apoptosis
35. Apoptosis ________.
A. is a process that repairs damaged DNA.
B. occurs as telomeres increase in length.
C. can be used to remove damaged or malfunctioning cells.
D. increases the number of somatic cells.
E. increases the number of gamete cells.
36. Cancer occurs when
A. cells are unable to divide because of a mutation.
B. faulty spindle fibers are unable to pull chromatids apart.
C. apoptosis occurs.
D. both uncontrolled cell division and stimulation of apoptosis occurs.
E. the regulation of the cell cycle is lost and uncontrolled cell division occurs.
37. Which of the following is not a characteristic of cancer cells?
A. cells that have lost contact inhibition
B. cells with abnormal nuclei
C. cells which function normally for tissue they are in
D. cells that lack differentiation
E. Cells that have uncontrolled cell division
38. The term metastasis refers to the fact that cancer cells tend to ________.
A. destroy
B. divide
C. reproduce
D. shrink
E. travel
39. Cells grown in a petri dish tend to divide until they form a thin layer covering the bottom of the dish. If cells are
removed from the middle of the dish, the cells bordering the open space will begin dividing until they have filled the
empty space. What does this experiment show?
A. When cells come into contact with other cells, they stop growing.
B. The controls on cell growth and division can be turned on and off.
C. Cell division can be regulated by factors outside of the cell.
D. Cells continue to grow as long as there is adequate space.
E. All answers are valid and correct.
40. Cells grown in a petri dish tend to divide until they form a thin layer covering the bottom of the dish. Which of the
following statements explains why this occurs?
A. The cells become deficient in cyclin.
B. The petri dish inhibits the cells growth.
C. Cell division can be inhibited by the proximity of other cells of the same type, a process called contact inhibition.
D. Most cells grown in petri dishes have gone through apoptosis.
E. The cells have differentiated into more specialized cells.
41. If cells in the process of dividing are subjected to colchicines, a drug that interferes with the functioning of the
spindle apparatus, at which stage will mitosis be arrested?
A. telophase
B. anaphase
C. metaphase
D. interphase
E. prophase
42. Cancer is a disorder in which some cells have lost the ability to control their ________.
A. size
B. spindle fibers
C. growth rate
D. surface area
E. volume
43. Rebecca found out that she has a mass of dividing cells called a tumor in her ovaries. She has had tests and is
returning to the doctor. What would the best results the doctor could tell her be?
A. It is a benign tumor.
B. The cells are cancerous and are in situ.
C. It is a malignant tumor.
D. It is malignant ovarian cancer.
E. The tumor has metastasized and invaded neighboring tissue.
spindle fibers, at which stage will mitosis be arrested?
A. anaphase
B. prophase
C. telophase
D. metaphase
E. interphase
45. Proteins that are involved in the regulation of the cell cycle, and that show fluctuation in concentration during the
cell cycle, are called ________.
A. centromeres
B. kinetochores
C. centrioles
D. proton pumps
E. cyclins
46. A group of cells is assayed for DNA content immediately following mitosis and is found to have an average of
8 picograms of DNA nucleus. Those cells would have _____ picograms at the end of the S phase and _____
picograms at the end of G2.
A. 8; 8
B. 8; 16
C. 16; 8
D. 16; 16
E. 12; 16
A. anaphase
B. interphase
C. metaphase
D. prophase
E. telophase
48. The drug chloral hydrate prevents elongation of microtubules by preventing the addition of new subunits to the
growing end. During which stage of mitosis would chloral hydrate be most harmful?
A. prophase
B. metaphase
C. anaphase
D. telophase
E. interphase
49. Movement of chromosomes during anaphase would be most affected by a drug that
A. reduced cyclin concentrations.
B. increased cyclin concentrations.
C. prevented elongation of microtubules.
D. prevented shortening of microtubules.
E. prevented attachment of the microtubules to the kinetochore.
50. Unicellular organisms undergo mitotic division to
A. repair damaged cells.
B. increase the size of the organism.
C. produce new organisms.
D. increase the genetic variability of the population.
E. produce gametes.
51. Multicellular organisms undergo mitotic cell division to
A. produce new organisms.
B. produce gametes.
C. increase the variability of the population.
D. increase the size of the organism.
E. facilitate sexual reproduction.
52. Some multicellular organisms, like the hydra, use asexual reproduction to produce a bud that leads to a new
organism. This means that they are using
A. binary fission to create new cells.
B. using mitotic division to create new cells that become a new organism.
C. using meiosis to create new cells that become a new organism.
D. using mitotic division to gametes that give rise to a new organism.
E. using meiosis I only to give rise to new organisms.
53. Cells that do not receive the correct signals to move from G1 into S phase will enter G0 and therefore will
A. immediately move into the mitotic phase.
B. never be able to undergo mitosis.
C. be able to produce gametes through meiosis.
D. stay in an undifferentiated state and become stem cells.
E. not undergo mitotic division unless it later receives the go ahead signal.
54. The spindle serves two rolls in mitotic cell division. These are
A. to separate the sister chromatids and to elongate the cell.
B. to separate the nonsister chromatids and then the homologous chromosomes.
C. to separate the sister chromatids and then the nonsister chromatids.
D. to separate the sister chromatids and then form the cleavage furrow.
E. to separate the homologous chromosomes and then form the cleavage furrow.
55. The mitotic spindle is composed of ______________ and grows from the _______________ toward the center of
the cell.
A. microtubules; centrosome
B. asters; spindle equator
C. centrosomes; aster
D. microtubules; chromatid
E. microtubules; cleavage furrow
56. Plant cells and animal cells differ in cytokinesis because
A. plant cells need to build a cell wall while animal cells do not.
B. plant cells need to build a cell wall while animal cells built the extra cellular matrix.
C. animal cells need to build a cell membrane while plant cells do not.
D. animal cells are living while plant cells are not.
E. plant cells divide by mitosis while animal cells divide by meiosis.
57. Cytokinesis in plants occurs as _______________ and in animals as ________________.
A actin fibers pull the membrane inward until the two sides touch; the Golgi apparatus produces membrane bound
. vesicles filled with materials to make the cell wall.
B the Golgi apparatus produces membrane bound vesicles filled with materials to make the cell wall; actin fibers
. pull the membrane inward until the two sides touch.
C the centrosome produces membrane bound vesicles filled with materials to make the cell wall; the Golgi
. apparatus produces actin fibers to pull the membrane inward until the two sides touch.
D. actin fibers interact to make the cell wall; the cleavage furrow pulls the membrane inward until the two sides
touch.
E. the Golgi apparatus produces a cleavage furrow; actin fibers pull the membrane inward until the two sides touch.
58. Apoptosis occurs when

A. a cell lyses due to an imbalance in water uptake.
B. white blood cells attack damaged cells and destroy them.
C. the controls over cell division are lost and a tumor forms as the mass of cells grow.
D. a cell with damaged DNA stops working and dies.
E. a damaged cell is programmed to fragment and then is phagocytized.
59. The looping of DNA around histone proteins
A. produces the characteristic helix shape of the DNA.
B. allow the room for cellular machinery to reach all genes so they may be transcribed.
C. compacts the DNA allowing a large amount of DNA to fit into the cell.
D. prevents the DNA from becoming kinked and breaking.
E. occurs when the DNA is damaged and allow the cell to be destroyed through apoptosis.
Chapter 8 Cellular Reproduction Key
Multiple Choice Questions

1. When during the cell cycle are chromosomes visible?
A. only during interphase
B. only when they are being copied
C. during Mitosis
D. only during the G1 phase
E. Chromosomes are always visible
When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing cell division, the DNA and associated proteins have the appearance
of thin threads called chromatin. During mitosis the chromatin condenses multiple times into large loops that
produce highly compacted chromosomes, this starts to occur during prophase.
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 08.02.01 Summarize the activities that occur in the cell during each stage of the cell cycle.
Mader - Chapter 08 #1
Section: 08.02
Topic: Cell Cycle and Mitosis
2. Which following pair is correctly matched?
A. G1 phase - DNA replication
B. G2 phase - preparation for meiosis
C. S phase - DNA replication
D. M phase - cell growth
E. G0 phases - cell growth
DNA synthesis occurs during the S phase of interphase.
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Section: 08.02
3. Which of the following statements is correct regarding the events of the cell cycle?
A. DNA is duplicated during the G1 and G2 phases.
B. DNA replicates during cytokinesis.
C. The M phase is usually the longest phase.
D. Interphase consists of G1, S, and G2.
E. The cell stops growing in G2 phase.
The cell cycle consists of interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis. Interphase consists of G1, S, and G2
Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Section: 08.02
4. Nuclear division is represented in the figure below by the letter ___.
A. a
B. b
C. c
D. d
E. e
Mitosis (M phase) is nuclear division. Mitosis occurs after interphase in the cell cycle.

Figure: 08.03
Section: 08.02
5. Refer to the figure below. Differentiated cells, such as nerve cells, would be in which of the following stages of
the cell cycle?
A. a
B. b
C. c
D. d
E. e
Specialized or differentiated cells are in the G0 stage, they will not divide but remain in the G0 phase.

Figure: 08.03
Section: 08.02
6. The structure labeled "c" in the following figure is called the ________.
A. centromere
B. centriole
C. sister chromatid
D. spindle
E. non-sister chromatid
A centromere holds together two sister chromatids.

Figure: 08.04
Section: 08.01
7. The structures labeled "d" in the following figure are called ________.
A. centromeres
B. centrioles
C. sister chromatids
D. spindles
E. non-sister chromatids
The two halves of a chromosome (the original DNA and the copy) are attached via the centromere. Each half is
called a sister chromatid and they carry the same genetic information.

Figure: 08.04
Learning Outcome: 08.01.03 Explain the role of the centromere in relation to the sister chromatids.
Section: 08.01
8. Which of the following represents the phases of mitosis in their proper sequence?
A. prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
B. interphase, prophase, metaphase, telophase
C. anaphase, interphase, prophase, metaphase, telophase
D. prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis
E. metaphase, interphase, cytokinesis, anaphase, telophase
Mitosis is the division of the nucleus; the stages are prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

Learning Outcome: 08.03.02 Compare cytokinesis in a plant cell and an animal cell.
Section: 08.03
9. All of the following statements are true about mitosis except
A. the cells arising from the process are genetically alike.
B. the process of mitosis is followed by cytokinesis.
C. spindle fibers are involved in the movement of chromosomes.
D. both sexually and asexually reproducing organisms utilize the process of mitosis.
E. the cells arising from the process all have half of the genetic material.
The process of mitosis provides each cell with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

Section: 08.03
10. DNA and histones form beadlike globules known as __________.
A. nucleotides
B. the chromatin network
C. centrosomes
D. nucleosomes
E. mesosomes
Nucleosomes are beadlike globules formed by DNA and its attached histones.

Learning Outcome: 08.01.02 Explain the role of histones and the nucleosome in the compaction of the chromatin.
Section: 08.01
11. Susan was examining a cell under the microscope and noticed the formation of a cell plate in the midline of the
cell and the formation of nuclei at opposite poles of the cell. The cell under examination was most likely a(n)
_________.
A. animal cell in the M phase of the cell cycle
B. dividing bacterial cell
C. plant cell undergoing cytokinesis
D. animal cell undergoing cytokinesis
E. plant cell in the anaphase stage
Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm following mitosis that produces two daughter cells. A cell plate is
characteristic of plant cell in cytokinesis.

Section: 08.03
12. While Jeff was looking under the microscope at cells in different stages of mitosis he commented on the fact
that many cells were in the same stage. If you were looking under the compound light microscope at an onion
root tip, what stage would the majority of the cells be in the cell cycle?
A. anaphase
B. metaphase
C. cytokinesis
D. interphase
E. prophase
Cells spend the majority of their time in interphase, therefore when looking at a large number of cells, the
majority of the cells would be in interphase.
Bloom's Level: 5. Evaluate

Section: 08.02
13. Which of the following organelles would be abundant and in close proximity to the cell plate in a plant cell
undergoing cytokinesis?
A. centrioles
B. Golgi apparatus
C. rough endoplasmic reticulum
D. lysosomes
E. central vacuole
Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm following mitosis that produces two daughter cells. A cell plate is
characteristic of plant cells in cytokinesis. The Golgi apparatus produces the substance that forms the cell plate.

Section: 08.03
14. The G2 checkpoint prevents the cell cycle from continuing until ________.
A. DNA is completely replicated
B. damage to DNA can be repaired
C. replicated DNA is separated
D. organelles have been duplicated
E. DNA is completely replicated AND damage to DNA can be repaired
The cell cycle halts momentarily at the G2 checkpoint until the cell verifies that the DNA has replicated. This
prevents the initiation of the M stage unless the chromosomes are duplicated. If DNA is damaged, the cell cycle
will not continue.

Learning Outcome: 08.04.01 Summarize the role of checkpoints in the cell cycle.
Section: 08.04
15. A mutation results in a cell that no longer produces a normal protein kinase for the M-phase checkpoint. Which
of the following would likely be the immediate result of this mutation?
A. The cell would prematurely enter anaphase.
B. The cell would never leave metaphase.
C. The cell would never enter metaphase.
D. The cell would never enter prophase.
E. The cell would undergo normal mitosis, but fail to enter the next G1.
A M-phase checkpoint also occurs during mitosis when division pauses until the chromosomes are
distributed accurately to the daughter cells. Mitosis will stop until chromosomes are accurately aligned.

Learning Outcome: 08.04.01 Summarize the role of checkpoints in the cell cycle.
Section: 08.04
A. anaphase
B. interphase
C. metaphase
D. prophase
E. telophase
During anaphase each sister chromatid pulls to opposite poles of the cell.

Figure: 08.06
Learning Outcome: 08.02.03 Summarize the events that occur during the M phase of the cell cycle.
Section: 08.02
A. anaphase
B. interphase
C. metaphase
D. prophase
E. telophase
Chromosomes line up at the spindle equator of the cell during metaphase.

Figure: 08.06
Section: 08.02
A. anaphase
B. interphase
C. metaphase
D. prophase
E. telophase
The chromatin is coiling together to form chromosomes which is evident by the thick rods within the nucleus.
The nuclear membrane is breaking apart as evident by the irregular shape of the nucleus. These both show
that the cell is in prophase.

Figure: 08.06
Section: 08.02
19. Ben was looking at onion root tip cells under the microscope in Biology class. He saw one cell that had two
nuclei within it. What stage of the cell cycle was this cell in?
A. anaphase
B. interphase
C. metaphase
D. prophase
E. telophase/cytokinesis
Each new cell has its own nucleus. The cytoplasm is splitting creating two separate cells. These activities are
indicative of telophase with cytokinesis.

Section: 08.02
20. A cell is inhibited during the S phase of its cycle. It will not reproduce due to lack of
A. ATP availability.
B. centriole migration.
C. centromere formation.
D. DNA synthesis.
E. plasma membrane structure.
In the cell cycle, the S phase is characterized by DNA synthesis prior to the active stages of mitosis.
Chromosomes must duplicate at this stage or there will be an absence of chromosome duplicates to separate
into daughter cells during division.

Section: 08.02
21. If there are twenty centromeres in a cell, how many chromosomes are there?
A. 10
B. 20
C. 30
D. 40
E. 80
There is one centromere for every chromosome.

Section: 08.02
22. Cytokinesis usually, but not always, follows mitosis. If a cell undergoes mitosis and not cytokinesis, this would
result in
A. a cell with a single large nucleus.
B. a cell with two or more nuclei.
C. cells with abnormally small nuclei.
D. feedback responses that prevent mitosis.
E. death of the cell line.
If a cell goes through mitosis, but not cytokinesis it will have two nuclei within one cell.

Section: 08.03
23. How do the daughter cells at the end of mitosis and cytokinesis compare to their parent cell when it was in G1
of the cell cycle?
A. The daughter cells have half of the amount of cytoplasm and half the amount of DNA.
B. The daughter cells have half the number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA.
C. The daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA.
D. The daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes and the same amount of DNA.
E. The daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes and twice the amount of DNA.
The chromosomal information in each daughter cell is identical to the parent cell. The DNA has not yet been
copied. It will be doubled in the S phase of interphase.

Section: 08.03
24. All of the following occur during the latter stages of mitotic prophase EXCEPT
C. the formation of spindles.
DNA replication occurs during interphase, not during the mitosis.

Section: 08.03
25. Some of the drugs used in chemotherapy work by ________.
A. increasing telomeres
B. preventing spindle formation
C. producing kinases
D. inhibiting cytokinesis
E. causing cells to divide quickly
Spindles are used by the cell to pull chromosomes to opposite sides of the cell during the cell cycle.

Learning Outcome: 08.05.02 Summarize the types of treatment for cancer.
Section: 08.05
26. Place the stages of mitosis in the correct order.
A. prophase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase
B. telophase, anaphase, metaphase, interphase
C. prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
D. interphase, prophase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis
E. interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis
Mitosis is nuclear division. Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase are the four stages of nuclear
division.

Section: 08.03
27. If a cell has 46 chromosomes at the beginning of mitosis, then at the end of anaphase there would be a total of
A. 23 chromatids.
B. 23 chromosomes.
C. 46 chromotids.
D. 46 chromosomes.
E. 92 chromosomes.
During anaphase, the duplicated chromosome separates and it's chromatids move toward opposite poles of
the cell. At this point, each chromatid is now considered a chromosome, since it consists of a complete DNA
molecule. If 46 duplicated chromosomes pulled apart in anaphase, there would now be 92 chromosomes
present in the cell until telophase and cytokinesis completes the chromosome reduction

Learning Outcome: 08.01.03 Explain the role of the centromere in relation to the sister chromatids.
Section: 08.01
28. What would occur in a cell if the production of cyclins halted during the cell cycle?
A. DNA would not be replicated in the S phase.
B. Organelles would not be duplicated in G1.
C. The cell would not complete cytokinesis.
D. The cell would enter the G0 phase.
E. The cell would remain in the G2 phase and would not enter into mitosis.
Cyclins and kinases control the transition of the cell cycle from G2 to mitosis.

Learning Outcome: 08.04.02 Explain how checkpoints are regulated by internal and external signals.
Section: 08.04
29. All of the following occur during mitosis EXCEPT
C. the formation of a spindle.
DNA synthesis occurs during the S phase of interphase which is not part of nuclear division (mitosis).

Section: 08.03
30. Measurements of the amount of DNA per nucleus were taken on a large number of cells from a growing fungus.
The measure of DNA levels ranged from 3 to 6 picograms per nucleus. One nucleus had 5 picograms of DNA.
What stage of the cell cycle was the nucleus in?
A. G0
B. G1
C. S
D. G2
E. M
DNA is replicated during the S phase of interphase. In this scenario the range of DNA levels was from 3-6
picograms. This data tells the reader that a cell entering nuclear division would have six picograms of DNA and
newly formed daughter cell would have three. If the cell in question had five picograms then it must have been
in the process of DNA synthesis.

Section: 08.02
31. Susan went to an oncologist because some cancerous cells had been detected within her breast tissue. Which
of the following is NOT a warning signal for cancer?
A. The cells in the breast tissue lacked differentiation.
B. Some cells in the tissue had failed to acquire the specialized structure that the cell should have.
C. Some cells had abnormally large nuclei.
D. The cells had an abnormal number of chromosomes.
E. Some cells were found going through the cell cycle.
It is normal to have cells going through the cell cycle within any tissue. An abnormality occurs when the cell
cycle has gone out of control causing cells to divide indefinitely.
Bloom's Level: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 08.05.01 Describe the characteristics of cancer cells.
Section: 08.05
32. Rick had a high incidence of cancer in his family. Four of the following five statements are preventative
measures to avoid cancer. Which of the following is not correct?
A. Increase consumption of foods rich in vitamin A and C.
B. Avoid salt-cured, pickled, or smoked foods.
C. Increase consumption of vegetables from the cabbage family.
D. Avoid cigarette smoking, smokeless tobacco, and sunbathing.
E. Avoid a high fiber, low sodium diet.
A high fiber, low sodium diet is a preventative measure that can be taken to reduce the risk of cancer.

Learning Outcome: 08.05.03 Describe how protective behaviors and diet can reduce the risk of cancer.
Section: 08.05
33. ___ are a type of internal signal molecule used in controlling the cell cycle.
A. Kinases
B. Histones
C. Centromeres
D. Actins
E. Nucleosomes
Internal signals trigger the activity of proteins associated with cell division. Kinases help regulate DNA synthesis
during the S stage of interphase. Cyclins and kinases control the transition of the cell cycle from G2 to mitosis.

Section: 08.04
34. Cyclins function by ________.
A. maintaining a constant level
B. preventing the functioning of kinases
C. combining with kinases
D. causing apoptosis
E. preventing apoptosis
Cyclins and kinases control the transition of the cell cycle from G2 to mitosis.

Section: 08.04
35. Apoptosis ________.
A. is a process that repairs damaged DNA.
B. occurs as telomeres increase in length.
C. can be used to remove damaged or malfunctioning cells.
D. increases the number of somatic cells.
E. increases the number of gamete cells.
Apoptosis is the intentional, programmed death of a cell. The control of cell division and apoptosis keeps the
number of somatic cells in multicellular organisms in check. Apoptosis can also be used to remove damaged or
malfunctioning cells.

Learning Outcome: 08.04.03 Describe the process of apoptosis.
Section: 08.04
36. Cancer occurs when
A. cells are unable to divide because of a mutation.
B. faulty spindle fibers are unable to pull chromatids apart.
C. apoptosis occurs.
D. both uncontrolled cell division and stimulation of apoptosis occurs.
E. the regulation of the cell cycle is lost and uncontrolled cell division occurs.
Cancer is a disease of the cell cycle. The regulation of the cell cycle is lost and uncontrolled cell division occurs.

Section: 08.05
37. Which of the following is not a characteristic of cancer cells?
A. cells that have lost contact inhibition
B. cells with abnormal nuclei
C. cells which function normally for tissue they are in
D. cells that lack differentiation
E. Cells that have uncontrolled cell division
Cancer is a disease of the cell cycle. When cells have abnormal nuclei, lose contact inhibition, lack
differentiation, and have uncontrolled growth these are all signs of cancerous cells.

Section: 08.05
38. The term metastasis refers to the fact that cancer cells tend to ________.
A. destroy
B. divide
C. reproduce
D. shrink
E. travel
Traveling to other body sites from point of production is a characteristic of cancer cells. This traveling seeds
other body regions with the rapidly dividing cells, thus spreading cancer.

Section: 08.05
39. Cells grown in a petri dish tend to divide until they form a thin layer covering the bottom of the dish. If cells are
removed from the middle of the dish, the cells bordering the open space will begin dividing until they have filled
the empty space. What does this experiment show?
A. When cells come into contact with other cells, they stop growing.
B. The controls on cell growth and division can be turned on and off.
C. Cell division can be regulated by factors outside of the cell.
D. Cells continue to grow as long as there is adequate space.
E. All answers are valid and correct.
The cells continued to grow as long as there was empty space. When cells come into contact with other cells
they would stop growing, or be turned off.

Section: 08.04
40. Cells grown in a petri dish tend to divide until they form a thin layer covering the bottom of the dish. Which of
the following statements explains why this occurs?
A. The cells become deficient in cyclin.
B. The petri dish inhibits the cells growth.
C. Cell division can be inhibited by the proximity of other cells of the same type, a process called contact
inhibition.
D. Most cells grown in petri dishes have gone through apoptosis.
E. The cells have differentiated into more specialized cells.
The cells continued to grow as long as there was empty space. When cells come into contact with other cells
they would stop growing, or be turned off. Cell division can be inhibited by the proximity of other cells of the
same type, a process called contact inhibition.

Section: 08.04
spindle apparatus, at which stage will mitosis be arrested?
A. telophase
B. anaphase
C. metaphase
D. interphase
E. prophase
The spindle apparatus is necessary to move the chromosomes along the midline of the dividing cell.

Learning Outcome: 08.05.02 Summarize the types of treatment for cancer.
Section: 08.05
42. Cancer is a disorder in which some cells have lost the ability to control their ________.
A. size
B. spindle fibers
C. growth rate
D. surface area
E. volume
Cancer is caused by cells with uncontrolled growth rate.

Section: 08.05
43. Rebecca found out that she has a mass of dividing cells called a tumor in her ovaries. She has had tests and is
returning to the doctor. What would the best results the doctor could tell her be?
A. It is a benign tumor.
B. The cells are cancerous and are in situ.
C. It is a malignant tumor.
D. It is malignant ovarian cancer.
E. The tumor has metastasized and invaded neighboring tissue.
During metastasis, a malignant tumor invades neighboring tissues and spreads through the body while a
benign tumor does not invade neighboring tissue.

Section: 08.05
spindle fibers, at which stage will mitosis be arrested?
A. anaphase
B. prophase
C. telophase
D. metaphase
E. interphase
Spindle fibers connect to the centromere and pull the chromosomes toward the midline during metaphase. If
the drug colchincines interfered with the spindle fibers, the chromosomes would not be able to line up, hence
arresting cell division.

Section: 08.04
45. Proteins that are involved in the regulation of the cell cycle, and that show fluctuation in concentration during
the cell cycle, are called ________.
A. centromeres
B. kinetochores
C. centrioles
D. proton pumps
E. cyclins
The fluctuation in levels of cyclins is one of the main regulators of the cell cycle.

Section: 08.04
46. A group of cells is assayed for DNA content immediately following mitosis and is found to have an average of
8 picograms of DNA nucleus. Those cells would have _____ picograms at the end of the S phase and _____
picograms at the end of G2.
A. 8; 8
B. 8; 16
C. 16; 8
D. 16; 16
E. 12; 16
During the S phase, DNA is doubled. Therefore any stage after the S stage would have twice the amount of
DNA information until two new cells are formed, each with the proper amount of DNA.

Section: 08.02
A. anaphase
B. interphase
C. metaphase
D. prophase
E. telophase
During interphase, the eukaryotic cell duplicates the contents of the cytoplasm, and DNA replicates in the
nucleus. The duplicated chromosomes are not yet visible. A pair of chromosomes is outside the nucleus, and
the nuclear envelope has not broken down.

Figure: 08.06
Section: 08.03
48. The drug chloral hydrate prevents elongation of microtubules by preventing the addition of new subunits to the
growing end. During which stage of mitosis would chloral hydrate be most harmful?
A. prophase
B. metaphase
C. anaphase
D. telophase
E. interphase
During prophase spindle fibers attach to the centromeres and pull chromosomes to the midline of the cell. If
chloral hydrate prevents elongation, then the chromosome would not be able to be rearranged to the center of
the cell.

Section: 08.03
49. Movement of chromosomes during anaphase would be most affected by a drug that
A. reduced cyclin concentrations.
B. increased cyclin concentrations.
C. prevented elongation of microtubules.
D. prevented shortening of microtubules.
E. prevented attachment of the microtubules to the kinetochore.
During anaphase each sister chromatid pulls to opposite poles of the cell, in order for this to occur microtubules
need to be shortened. Preventing the shortening of these would inhibit the chromatids from pulling apart.

Section: 08.03
50. Unicellular organisms undergo mitotic division to
A. repair damaged cells.
B. increase the size of the organism.
C. produce new organisms.
D. increase the genetic variability of the population.
E. produce gametes.
Mitotic cell division creates a new daughter cell that is identical to the parent cell and, in the case of unicellular
organisms, this gives rise to a new organism.
51. Multicellular organisms undergo mitotic cell division to

A. produce new organisms.
B. produce gametes.
C. increase the variability of the population.
D. increase the size of the organism.
E. facilitate sexual reproduction.
Mitotic cell division creates a new daughter cell that is identical to the parent cell leading to an increased
number of cells in a multicellular organism and allowing it to increase in size.
52. Some multicellular organisms, like the hydra, use asexual reproduction to produce a bud that leads to a new
organism. This means that they are using
A. binary fission to create new cells.
B. using mitotic division to create new cells that become a new organism.
C. using meiosis to create new cells that become a new organism.
D. using mitotic division to gametes that give rise to a new organism.
E. using meiosis I only to give rise to new organisms.
Asexual reproduction gives rise to a new organism that is genetically identical to the parent organism.
Multicellular organisms like plants and hydra can use this to produce offspring.
53. Cells that do not receive the correct signals to move from G1 into S phase will enter G0 and therefore will
A. immediately move into the mitotic phase.
B. never be able to undergo mitosis.
C. be able to produce gametes through meiosis.
D. stay in an undifferentiated state and become stem cells.
E. not undergo mitotic division unless it later receives the go ahead signal.
The G0 phase is a nondividing stage that cells enter. Some cells in this phase can receive the go ahead signal
and proceed into S phase and others will never leave G0.
54. The spindle serves two rolls in mitotic cell division. These are
A. to separate the sister chromatids and to elongate the cell.
B. to separate the nonsister chromatids and then the homologous chromosomes.
C. to separate the sister chromatids and then the nonsister chromatids.
D. to separate the sister chromatids and then form the cleavage furrow.
E. to separate the homologous chromosomes and then form the cleavage furrow.
Some of the microtubules that make up the spindle attach to the duplicated chromosomes and pull apart
the sister chromatids while others overlap in the middle of the cell and slide past one another to push the
centrosomes apart elongating the cell.
55. The mitotic spindle is composed of ______________ and grows from the _______________ toward the center
of the cell.
A. microtubules; centrosome
B. asters; spindle equator
C. centrosomes; aster
D. microtubules; chromatid
E. microtubules; cleavage furrow
The spindle is composed of cytoskeletal components called microtubules and grows from the microtubule
organizing center (centrosome) toward the middle of the cell where the chromosomes are located.
56. Plant cells and animal cells differ in cytokinesis because
A. plant cells need to build a cell wall while animal cells do not.
B. plant cells need to build a cell wall while animal cells built the extra cellular matrix.
C. animal cells need to build a cell membrane while plant cells do not.
D. animal cells are living while plant cells are not.
E. plant cells divide by mitosis while animal cells divide by meiosis.
During cytokinesis animal cells use the cleavage furrow to divide the cytoplasm of the cell and enclose the new
cells in a membrane. Plant cells need to not only enclose the cell in a membrane but to also build the protective
cell wall around the cell.
57. Cytokinesis in plants occurs as _______________ and in animals as ________________.

A. actin fibers pull the membrane inward until the two sides touch; the Golgi apparatus produces membrane
bound vesicles filled with materials to make the cell wall.
B. the Golgi apparatus produces membrane bound vesicles filled with materials to make the cell wall; actin
fibers pull the membrane inward until the two sides touch.
C the centrosome produces membrane bound vesicles filled with materials to make the cell wall; the Golgi
. apparatus produces actin fibers to pull the membrane inward until the two sides touch.
D. actin fibers interact to make the cell wall; the cleavage furrow pulls the membrane inward until the two sides
touch.
E. the Golgi apparatus produces a cleavage furrow; actin fibers pull the membrane inward until the two sides
touch.
The cell wall components are produced in the Golgi apparatus and released in membrane bound vesicles,
these fuse together to form the cell plate between the two new cells. In animal cells actin filaments form the
cleavage furrow and divide the emebrane to form two new daughter cells.
58. Apoptosis occurs when

A. a cell lyses due to an imbalance in water uptake.
B. white blood cells attack damaged cells and destroy them.
C. the controls over cell division are lost and a tumor forms as the mass of cells grow.
D. a cell with damaged DNA stops working and dies.
E. a damaged cell is programmed to fragment and then is phagocytized.
When a cell with damaged DNA is detected the protein p53 initiated the death and fragmentation of the cell; the
resulting fragments are phagocytized to remove the debris.
59. The looping of DNA around histone proteins

A. produces the characteristic helix shape of the DNA.
B. allow the room for cellular machinery to reach all genes so they may be transcribed.
C. compacts the DNA allowing a large amount of DNA to fit into the cell.
D. prevents the DNA from becoming kinked and breaking.
E. occurs when the DNA is damaged and allow the cell to be destroyed through apoptosis.
As DNA loops around histones it coils the DNA into a bead-like structure called a nucleosome and allows the
DNA to fit into a smaller space. In this way the approximately 6 linear feet of DNA can fit into the nucleus of a
cell.
Test Bank for Essentials of Biology, 3rd Edition: Sylvia Mader
Chapter 8 Cellular Reproduction Summary

Category # of Questions
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember 11
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand 13
Bloom's Level: 3. Apply 13
Bloom's Level: 4. Analyze 4
Bloom's Level: 5. Evaluate 8
Figure: 08.03 2
Figure: 08.04 2
Figure: 08.06 4
Learning Outcome: 08.01.02 Explain the role of histones and the nucleosome in the compaction of the chromatin 1
.
Learning Outcome: 08.01.03 Explain the role of the centromere in relation to the sister chromatids. 2
Learning Outcome: 08.02.01 Summarize the activities that occur in the cell during each stage of the cell cycle. 10
Learning Outcome: 08.02.03 Summarize the events that occur during the M phase of the cell cycle. 4
Learning Outcome: 08.03.02 Compare cytokinesis in a plant cell and an animal cell. 12
Learning Outcome: 08.04.01 Summarize the role of checkpoints in the cell cycle. 2
Learning Outcome: 08.04.02 Explain how checkpoints are regulated by internal and external signals. 7
Learning Outcome: 08.04.03 Describe the process of apoptosis. 1
Learning Outcome: 08.05.01 Describe the characteristics of cancer cells. 6
Learning Outcome: 08.05.02 Summarize the types of treatment for cancer. 2
Learning Outcome: 08.05.03 Describe how protective behaviors and diet can reduce the risk of cancer. 1
Mader - Chapter 08 49
Section: 08.01 4
Section: 08.02 14
Section: 08.03 12
Section: 08.04 10
Section: 08.05 9
Topic: Cell Cycle and Mitosis 49
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Multiple Choice Questions

58. Apoptosis occurs when

Multiple Choice Questions

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

DNA synthesis occurs during the S phase of interphase.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

A centromere holds together two sister chromatids.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Bloom's Level: 5. Evaluate

Bloom's Level: 5. Evaluate

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Bloom's Level: 5. Evaluate

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Chromosomes line up at the spindle equator of the cell during metaphase.

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

There is one centromere for every chromosome.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

DNA replication occurs during interphase, not during the mitosis.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Bloom's Level: 5. Evaluate

Bloom's Level: 4. Analyze

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Bloom's Level: 5. Evaluate

Bloom's Level: 4. Analyze

Cancer is caused by cells with uncontrolled growth rate.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Bloom's Level: 5. Evaluate

Bloom's Level: 4. Analyze

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 5. Evaluate

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Bloom's Level: 5. Evaluate

Bloom's Level: 4. Analyze

57. Cytokinesis in plants occurs as _ and in animals as __.