CHAPTER gD Doctrines, Dogmas, and oD Business Management Morality is not properly the doctrine of how we may make ourselves happy, but how we may make ourselves worthy of happiness. —Emmanuel Kant Commercialism is a modern sociological phenomenon; one might almost say that is the whole phenomenon of modern society. —Sri Aurobindo LEARNING OBJECTIVES After studying this chapter, you will be able to > State whether ethics is pragmatic > Critically analyse the scourge of socialism > Determine. whither the social market economy isan alternative to communism > Decide whether business has any viable pilosophy INTRODUCTION When the stock market is in upswing, bullish, you ask your colleague, ‘What do you think about it?” He tells you that there is confidence among the investors in the growing economy and that the market reaction is a sign of that confidence. Then you say, ‘People are quite pragmatic, aren't they? They want to see value for their money through the greatest possible benefit [pragmatism], That evening on TV, you see a communist leader offering his views on the sudden spurt in the stock market: ‘It means that the graph of the greed of the rich is rising higher! It has no significance for the poor. The only truth is that the poor will become poorer since they are not a part of the capitalistic system [socialism].’ A professor of economics makes a point in his lecture about the strong and rising stock market: ‘There is a bullish trend in the market due to highly superfluous and totally ambiguous reasons. We are not able to clearly define the market position. However, on the social front, it is going to create problems. Large segments of our society will = N Scanned with CamScanneriter cb CS ec ee wert then die, nn frie ca ah on! 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You could change a business environment by your decision rather than let a business environment force you into a decision. Thus, the postulate of the free-will also confers freedom on its subjects. An action has moral char- acter if it exhibits the freedom of the will. Rationalism versus Voluntarism Human beings are endowed with ¢wo important faculties—reason and will. Rationalism is a doc- trine that advocates that only that which can be arrived at rationally is true. All that is verifiable is rational. Religious beliefs, habits, and prejudices are irrational. Our moral conduct must be ratio- nally explainable. A moral tenet without sound reasoning is inadmissible. Profits a rational objec- tive of business and there is nothing immoral about it Noluntarism advocates the second faculty of the humans—the will asa principle of not only existence but also action. Thus, all that is real ic nothing but the will. The world that we see around us is only a representation of the will, which is mostly illusion or maya. History, for instance, is nothing but the revelation of such a will. Psychol. ogy explains it better, since will is the only force within us that is emotional and drives us to act, There is a very large school of thought in business today, which considers that itis the emotional quo. tient that advocates the business decisions that are made. In ethics, it implies that the will alone is the supreme moral faculty, while the rest such as conscience and reason have no place. Kant con- cluded that besides the good will, there is nothing in this world or outside it that is good. Guidance The above is a mere cursory look at the opposing doctrines, theories, or ideologies that have shaped the civilization of man. Decisions will be made and the future will be shaped, depending on the system of thought that one follows. In management development programmes that are conducted for the executives, consultants and experts force their clients to chalk out their business philosophy, aims, goals, and mission without founding such practices on a system of thought, Choose a system of thought that appeals to you and is in tune with your upbringing and culture. For instance, if you choose the doctrine of the Gita, then you will dwell upon the ethical value of duty as the standard for all your business decision making and activity. Do not merely say it so to yourself. You would do well to sit down, reflect, and write out a personal charter of ethics, Fay RE TN Ea a Philosophy of Thinking for Yourself A disciple once asked his Zen master ‘Buddha is your own mind.’ The disci that he had heard from the master hermit wanted to know what the { Mantra Make up your own mind, a to what was the g iple was so profoundly impressed that he spent the next twenty years asa hermit in the solitude . 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