A BRIEF HISTORY OF ALL ABOUT THE UMAYYADS- THE CLASSICAL

THE
ISLAMIC EMPIRE

UMAYYADS
RISE AND FALL
IMPORTANCE IN ISLAMIC
CIVILISATION
The expanse of the Umayyad empire and
its program of Arabization were
responsible for spreading Islam and the
Arabic language over a vast area.
Moreover, the Umayyads came to power
at the expense of ʿAlī, the son-in-law of
Muḥammad and the fourth pre-Umayyad
caliph, whose family was considered by
some to be the rightful dynasty. The
Battle of Karbalāʾ (680) helped secure the
reign of the Umayyad dynasty, but its
massacre of ʿAlī’s supporters became a
defining moment in the formation of the
Shīʿite sect of Islam.
LESSONS LEARNED
Muawiyah became the first Muslim caliph after
the death of Abu Talib
was succeeded by son Yazeed, although the
accession was opposed by many- causing the
Second Fitna
shifted the capital to Damascus and the setup of
the caliphate in the formerly Byzantine area had
an influence on the first Islamic art and society
initially used older buildings, and imposed Arabic
in administration. Also made a unique currency
created Islam's one of the first monuments-
Dome of the Rock, with unique architectural style
and art
Al Walid extended the Masjid an Nabawi and
constructed the Mosque of Damascus
conquered a lot of lands including North Africa,
Gibraltar, Merovingian France, Iran and Sindh
territories helped to earn wealth, raw materials
and numerous workers
Non-Arabs were considered a minority and
demanded equality
others thought Umayyads were not religious
enough and doubted family legitimacy
a revolt led by the descendants of Abbas killed
all the Umayyads except one. The Prince
escaped to Spain and allied with the tribes
there.

The lessons learned from the Caliphate were:

1. Always stay religious. Like how the Muslims
raised questions over the religiousness of the
Umayyads, a leader should always be the one
who is the most religious, and then guides
others to Islam
2. Always give equal respect and equality to
everyone as everyone deserves respect and
deserves to be treated like the best.
3. the importance of Arabic language- Arabic MAIN FIGURE
played a major role in the development of the Umayya b. ‘Abd Shams, the great-
civilisation as well as in areas such as science grandfather of Mu‘awiyah. Mu’awiya bin Abu
and literature. ALways study Arabic, Sufyan, the governor of Damascus became
understand the Quran and appreciate the the first Muslim Caliph after he assumed power
language. following the death of Ali Bin Abu Talib and the
4. Listen to other's suggestions- the idea of a end of the Rightly-Guided Caliphs rule.
great leader is he promotes democracy and He was succeeded by Yazeed his son in 680.
allows everyone's apprpriate opinion to be most notably ‘Abd Allah b.al-Zubayr, son of
implemented. one of the Companions of the Prophet, and al-
Husayn b. Ali, grandson of the Prophet and

REFERENCES younger son of Ali.

1. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Umayy
ad-dynasty-Islamic-history
2. https://www.bartleby.com/essay/The-
Umayyad-Dynasty-in-the-Period-of-
F3KCXLECDM6S
3. https://of-
islam.blogspot.com/2014/02/historians-
islamic-civilization-on-east.html.
DONE BY
Mohammed Zohair Hasan
b00094852