ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Immeasurable appreciation and deepest gratitude for the help and support are

extended to the following persons who in one way or another have contributed in making

this study possible.

Mr. Vincent O. Nicol, our research adviser for allowing the study and providing

crucial help along the process. He made an excellent impression on us with his

motivation and sincerity. It was an incredible honor and privilege to work and learn under

his guidance.

Mrs. Emma T. Alcantara, the principal of Divine Word College of Legazpi, for

enabling us to carry out this study for the welfare of the students.

To our parents, for their unconditional love, understanding and support in

financial aspects to pursue this study.

To our panels, we extend our sincere gratitude to our panels for their valuable

expertise and insightful contributions. Our success has been greatly shaped by your

advice and helpful feedback. We appreciate your firm help. And above all, to our

Almighty God, for the constant source of strength, wisdom, love, guidance and

inspiration, and for giving immeasurable blessings, for without him this is not be possible

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 ABSTRACT

The aim of this study is to investigate the potential use of Moringa oleifera,

Pandanus amaryllifolius, and Gliricidia sepium as alternative insecticide for controlling

cockroaches. Cockroaches are insects that can lead to numerous concerns to our health

and hygiene; this requires control measures that are secure and efficient. Commercial

Insecticides often contain harmful chemicals, causing a search for alternatives. The

researchers needed to determine the different concentrations of Moringa Oleifera,

Pandanus Amaryllifolius and Gliricidia Sepium extract as alternative insecticide, the

properties of Moringa Oleifera, Padanus Amaryllifolius and Gliricidia Sepium as

insecticide in terms of odor, color, and viscosity, and the effect of the different

concentration of Moringa extract, Pandanus Amaryllifolius and Gliricidia Sepium as

Insecticide to cockroaches.Through various experiments, the researchers crushed and

extracted the leaves of Moringa Oleifera, Pandanus Amaryllifolius, and Gliricidia Sepium

and the extracts were then examined. The results showed the different concentrations of

every leaves, the different properties of the leaves, and the effect of the different

concentration of Moringa extract, Pandanus Amaryllifolius and Gliricidia Sepium as

Insecticide to cockroaches.In conclusion, the results of this study show that extracts from

Moringa oleifera, Pandanus amaryllifolius, and Gliricidia sepium have a potential to

become an alternative insecticides for controlling cockroaches. The use of these natural

extracts as insecticides can have multiple advantages, including their availability, cost-

effectiveness, and reduced environmental impact. However further research is required to

clarify the specific mechanisms of action and improve the formulation and application of

these plant extracts for effective insect management.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS Pages

Title Page......................................................................................................................................i

Acknowledgement........................................................................................................................ii

Abstract.........................................................................................................................................iii

Table of contents...........................................................................................................................iv

CHAPTER I - THE PROBLEM

1.1 Introduction.............................................................................................................................1

1.2 Statement of the problem........................................................................................................4

1.3 Significance of the Study........................................................................................................4

1.4 Scope and Delimitation...........................................................................................................5

CHAPTER II - REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

2.1 Related Literature....................................................................................................................6

2.2 Related Studies........................................................................................................................7

2.3 Theoretical FrameWork..........................................................................................................11

2.4 Conceptual FrameWork..........................................................................................................14

2.5 Synthesis of the State of the Art..............................................................................................16

2.6 Gap Bridge by the Study.........................................................................................................16

2.7 Definition of Terms.................................................................................................................17

CHAPTER III -

3.1 Research Design......................................................................................................................19

3.2 Source of Data.........................................................................................................................19

3.3 Data Gathering Procedure.......................................................................................................20

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