Computer Networks

By: Dr. Naveed Nawaz

 From Computer Networks to IoT
Computer Networks
Collection of interconnected
computers and devices that IoT
communicate and exchange Collection of interconnected
data. physical object (“things”)
embedded with sensors,
software, and connectivity
features that communicate and
exchange data over the
internet

IoT extends connectivity beyond computers to everyday objects.

 From Computer Networks to IoT: Devices
Computer Networks
computers, servers, routers,
switches, and printers. IoT
(larger in size and more Sensors, actuators, wearable
capable in terms of processing gadgets, and even household
appliances
power, no battery issues)
(often smaller in size, less
capable in processing power,
battery issues)

IoT extends connectivity beyond computers to everyday objects.

 From Computer Networks to IoT: Connectivity
Computer Networks IoT
Use wired connections Use a variety of wireless
(Ethernet) or Wi-Fi for communication technologies,
connectivity within a local including Wi-Fi, Bluetooth,
Zigbee, cellular networks, and
area or across the internet. Low-Power Wide-Area
Well-established network Networks (LPWANs).
protocols. The choice of network protocol
depends on the specific
requirements of the IoT
application.

IoT extends connectivity beyond computers to everyday objects.

 From Computer Networks to IoT: Data usage
Computer Networks
Transfer data between devices
with human interaction, IoT
used in accessing websites, Transfer data autonomously
sharing files, or sending without direct human
involvement,
emails.
used in automation, real-time
monitoring, and data analytics
to make intelligent decisions.

IoT extends connectivity beyond computers to everyday objects.

 From Computer Networks to IoT: Scale
Computer Networks
A manageable number of
devices IoT
Variable size, from small An enormous number of
local networks in homes devices, in billions.
distributed across various
to vast global networks
industries and applications,
like the internet. creating a massive and highly
diverse ecosystem.

IoT extends connectivity beyond computers to everyday objects.

 From Computer Networks to IoT: Security and
Privacy
Computer Networks
Focus on protecting data and
user access. IoT
Large number of devices, small
Techniques like firewalls,
size, small processing power,
encryption, and access and limited battery makes IoT
controls are commonly security and privacy a complex
employed. task.

IoT extends connectivity beyond computers to everyday objects.

 Key Components of IoT
Sensors, Actuators and
Things or controllers, gateways
Devices Data Database
analytics management
systems

Wi-Fi, Bluetooth,
cellular networks (2G,
3G, 4G, and 5G),
LPWAN technologies Cloud & edge
like LoRaWAN and NB- Connectivity computing
IoT, Zigbee, Data
SigFox,6LoWPAN processing
and
storage
 Key Components of IoT: Devices
Active and Passive sensors
temperature, humidity, light sensors,
Radars, Sonars, Lidars
Nanoscopic, microscopic, and
macroscopic
Deployment: single or array
Sleep/wake-up modes with latency
and packet loss
Source encoding, compression

Interface between devices and applications Actuators perform some external action
Route all traffic up and down the network corresponding to change
Need more processing power/computational Usually Combined with sensor
complexity, horsepower, Effected by latency and packet loss
Controllers bring an internal change in device
to assist sensing or actuations
Key Components of IoT: Connectivity
Layered Architecture
Application
Involves application specific services Application
messages
Presentation Provides formatting of information for further processing for
encryption and decryption

Transport
Session
Oversese managing multiple sessions between applications segments

Transport
Supports multiplexing of traffic from different applications Network
Network Datagrams/packets
Ensures Information packets are delivered to the destination

Data link Provides error control mechanisms for reliable transmission of Data link
information over the channel frames
Transmission and reception of data over the channel including
Physical conversion of information between digital and analog domain,
involves signal modulation and demodulation
Physical
• 7 Layer OSI model
5 Layer IETF model