Specialization

1. Financial Accounting Research 2. Introduction and background of the study

2. Managerial Accounting Research 3. Statement of the problem
3. Auditing Research 4. Hypothesis
4. Taxation Research 5. Scope, Delimitations and Limitations
5. Accounting Information Systems Research 6. Significance of the study
6. Governance Research - Researcher
7. Social Responsibility Research - Purchasing managers
- Ship suppliers
Methodology
7. Definition of Terms and Acronyms
1. Exploratory Research 8. Research Philosophy and Paradigm
2. Causal Research - Theoretical and conceptual framework
3. Action Research 9. Critical Review and Synthesis of Related
4. Evaluative Research Literature and Studies
5. Correlational Research - Foreign Literature
6. Comparative Research - Local Literature
7. Archival Research - Foreign Studies
8. Historical Research - Local Studies
9. Experimental Research
10. Analytical Research
11. Interpretative Research
12. Critical Research
13. Ethnographic Research
14. Longitudinal Research

Fundamental Research Process

Step 1: Problem Identification

Step 2: Methodology & Data Gathering & Analysis

Step 3: Formulation of Options

Step 4: Recommendation

Step 5: Validation

Chapter 2

1. Formulating a Research Problem

Steps to adhere to when choosing a good research

problem

1) Identify and employ a source

2) Envision the ideal situation at present or in the
future
3) Identify and enumerate the subproblems
4) Evaluate a set of problems using predetermined
sensible criteria
5) State the problem clearly and comprehensively
6) Commit to pursue the apparently best research
problem that has emerged.
Chapter 3 - Personal Interview
- Phone Interview
Research Methodology
- Online Interview
1. Research Design - Panel Interview
2. Sampling Design - Interview Series
3. Data Collection - Group Interview
4. Statistical Treatment - Expert Interview
3. Observation
Research Design categorized into two major types: - Physical Observation
1. Quantitative Research - Offsite Observation
- Electronic Recording
Types: - Time and Motion Study
1) Exploratory Research 4. Inspection
2) Explanatory-Casual Research 5. Test
3) Experimental Research Trade Test
4) Correlational Research
5) Comparative Research - Psychological Test
6) Evaluative Research - Substantive Audit Test
- Integrity Test
2. Qualitative Research 6. Experiment
- Laboratory Experiment
Types: - Field Experiment
1) Case Study 7. Focus Group Discussion
2) Ethnographic Study 8. Documentary Analysis
3) Documentary Research 9. Benchmarking
4) Grounded Theory Study Triangular in Research
5) Interpretative Phenomenological Study
6) Others or Mixed Research Four types of Triangulation according to Denzin
7) Action Research 1. Data Triangulation
8) Collaborative Research 2. Investigator Triangulation
9) Longitudinal Research 3. Theory Triangulation
10) Cross-Sectional Research 4. Methodological Triangulation
11) Confirmatory Research
12) Meta-Analytic Research Ethical Considerations in Research

Data Gathering Techniques Five reasons…. Check

Two types of Data Statistical Sampling

1. Primary Data Steps in sampling

2. Secondary Data
1. Identifying and define the target population
Different Types of Data Gathering Techniques 2. Selecting the sampling frame
3. Choosing the sampling method
1. Survey 4. Determining the sample size
- Pen-and-Paper Survey 5. Collecting the required data
- Online Survey
- Email Survey Sampling Techniques
- Mail-In Survey
Two Clusters of Sampling Techniques
- Exit Survey
2. Interview 1. Probability Sampling
 - Random Sampling 7. Preparation
- Systematic Sampling 8. Focus
- Stratified Sampling
How to conduct a survey
- Cluster Sampling
2. Non-Probability Sampling - Pre-Survey steps
- Convenience Sampling - Actual survey steps
- Quota Sampling - Post-Survey steps
- Judgement Sampling
- Snowball Sampling How to conduct an interview

Determining Key Values - Pre-Interview steps

- Actual interview steps
Step 1: Identify the population size - Post-Interview steps
Step 2: Determine the margin of error Statistical treatment
Step 3: Set the confidence level Measuring central tendencies
Step 4: Specify the standard deviation - Mean
- Median
Step 5: Find the Z-score
- Mode

Measuring Proportion
Formula for Unknown or very large populations
- Ratio
Step 1: Examine the formula - Percentage

Step 2: Substitute the values in the equation Measuring variability

- Standard deviation
- Index of qualitative variation
Slovin’s Formula
- Range
Step 1: Understand the standard formula - Interquartile Range
- Analysis of variance
Step 2: Substitute the values
Establishing relationship

Types of Questions
- Close-Ended Questions
- Dichotomous Questions
- Multiple Choice Questions
- Likert Question
- Open-Ended Questions
- Person r correlation
- Spearman rank correlation
- Kruskal Wallis H Test
Measuring goodness of fit
- Chi-Square test

Fieldwork Decorum, Techniques and Procedure

Tips on how to behave in the field

1. Seek authorization and permission

2. Time management
3. Courtesy
4. Integrity
5. Confidentiality
6. Basic hygiene and professional grooming