Khóa h c Luy n đ thi H-C môn Ti ng Anh – Giáo viên: Nguy n Ng c Anh C u trúc so sánh

C U TRÚC SO SÁNH
(TÀI LI U THAM KH O)
Giáo viên: NGUY N NG C ANH
ây là tài li u tham kh o “C u trúc so sánh” thu c khóa h c Luy n thi i h c môn Ti ng Anh –cô
Nguy n Ng c Anh. có th n m v ng toàn b ki n th c ôn thi T t nghi p và i h c môn Ti ng Anh,
B n nên tham gia khóa h c Luy n thi i h c môn Ti ng Anh – cô Nguy n Ng c Anh t i Hocmai.vn.

A. COMAPRISONS OF EQUALITY (SO SÁNH B NG)

As + adj/adv + as She’s as tall as her brother.

As + much/little + noun (count) + as
As + many/few + Noun (count) + as
As + many/much + as + c m N (ch s l
Trong so sánh b ng ph đ nh các em s d ng c u
trúc:
1. Not … as + adj/adv + as
2. Not … so + adj/adv + as
As + adj + a/an + Noun + as
Not as/so + adj + a/an + Noun
Not such (a/an) + adj + Noun
nh n m nh thêm ý ngh a cho c u trúc so sánh,
các em có th thêm m t s tr ng t phía tr c
theo c u trúc sau:
(not) nearly/almost/exactly/just/nothing like/every
bit/not quite + as … + as
di n đ t so sánh h n g p m y l n thì các em
s d ng c u trúc so sánh b ng nh ng phía tr c
as … as ph i có tr ng ng ho c c m t ch s
l ng.
Half + as … as + …
She speaks English as well as her classmates.
I try to spend as little money as possible.
He doesn’t love her as much as she thought.
You can ask Ms. Hong for as many handouts as
you want.
ng) There are sometimes as many as 100 students in
our class.
Some of these fish can weigh as much as 80kg.
Mary isn’t as/so sensitive as her mother.
(Khi đ ng t chính lƠ to be thì NOT đ ng
ngay tr c so ho c as)
He doesn’t work as hard as other members in his
group.
(Khi đ ng t ch nh trong cơu lƠ đ ng t
th ng thì NOT đ ng sau tr đ ng t )
She can’t type so quickly as the old typist.
(Khi trong cơu có đ ng t Modal verb thì
NOT đ ng sau modal verb.)
Despite her disability, she tries to lead as normal
a life as other girls do.
He is not so good a player as her used to be =
He is not such a good player as her used to be.
I’m not quite as tired as I was yesterday.
She is every bit as nice as her sister.
The journey took half as long as I expected.
She will never get married to a man who is twice
as old as her.
He speaks three times as much as his roommate.

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Khóa h c Luy n đ thi H-C môn Ti ng Anh – Giáo viên: Nguy n Ng c Anh C u trúc so sánh

Twice + as … as + …
Three times + as … as + …

B. COMPARATIVE (SO SỄNH H N)

Example Rules
One-syllable adjectives The number of channels is greater Adj + er + than
than the number of lakes.
Two-syllable adjectives English is easier to learn than Adj(y i) + er + than
ending French.
Adjectives with two or This map is more helpful than that More + adj + than
more than two syllables one.
She is more tired than Jack.
Irregular comparative His explanation is better than yours.
Good/well better
adjectives The new service for customer in yourBad worse
company is worse than the previous Far Farther/further
one. Little less; much more
Few fewer; many more
Old older/elder
nh n m nh thêm ý ngh a cho c u trúc so sánh h n các em chú ý s d ng m t s c m t sau đ t
tr c tính t so sánh:
1. Much/far/very much/a lot/a little/even + adj (so sánh h n)
She is far lazier than what we expect.
Your cooking is even worse than Harry’s
2. C m t ch s l ng + tính t (so sánh h n) She’s three years younger than her husband.
(Chú ý: không dùng very tr c tính t so sánh; very ch nh n m nh cho tính t ho c tr ng t tr ng
thái không so sánh)

C. SUPERATIVE (SO SÁNH TUY T I/SO SỄNH H N NH T)

So sánh h n nh t là so sánh gi a 3 ng i ho c 3 v t tr lên v i nhau. Luôn s d ng m o t “the” tr c

các tính t so sánh h n.
Example Rules
One-syllable adjectives Cuu Long river is the longest one The + Adj + est
in Vietnam
Two-syllable adjectives Our machine is the noisiest in The + Adj(y i) + est
ending the factory.
Adjectives with two or more That robot is the most intelligent The + Most + adj
than two syllables in our lab.
She is the most active girl I’ve
ever met.
Irregular comparative He’s the best looking man we’ve Good/well the best
adjectives ever seen. Bad the worst
Far the farthest/furthest

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Khóa h c Luy n đ thi H-C môn Ti ng Anh – Giáo viên: Nguy n Ng c Anh C u trúc so sánh

Little the lest;

Many/much the most
Old the oldest/eldest
1. nh n m nh thêm ý ngh a cho c u trúc so sánh h n nh t các em chú ý s d ng m t s c m t
sau đ t tr c tính t so sánh h n nh t:
By far/quite/almost/practically/nearly/easily + adj (so sánh tuy t đ i)
He’s by far the most imaginative of them all.
I’m nearly the oldest in this company.
2. S d ng đ ng t nguyên th “to V” sau c u trúc so sánh:
She’s is the youngest ever to receive that prize.

D. SO SÁNH KÉM

Trong c u trúc so sánh kém ch c n thêm “less” tr c các tính t , không phân bi t âm ti t.
Eg: He’s less rich than his brother.
She seems less attractive than her sister.

E. PARALLEL COMPARISON (SO SÁNH KÉP)

The + adj/adv (so sánh h n) + S1 + V1, the + adj/adv (so sánh h n) + S2 + V2: C ...c .../càng...càng
The older she becomes, the more beautiful she gets.
The more you learn, the more you forget.
The more you forget, the better you know.
The better you know, the more you learn.

NOTE
1. So sánh h n vi t l i câu b ng so sánh b ng ph đ nh và ng c l i
He’s better-qualified than his colleagues = His colleagues are not as well-qualified as him.

2. M t s tính t có 2 âm ti t không k t thúc b ng “y” nh ng khi so sánh h n l i thêm “er” và so sánh

h n nh t thêm “est”.
Narrow – Narrower – Narrowest simple – simpler – simplest
Clever – Cleverer – Cleverest quiet – quieter – quietest

3. Phân bi t farther v i further; the farthest v i the furthest

Father/the farthest: là đ ch kho ng cách th c t v đ a lí.
It is farther from here to my house than to his.
Further/the furthest: là di n đ t m t khái ni m xa h n/xa nh t mang tính tr u t ng (đ ng ngh a v i
more/the most)
I’d like further information about the English classes of Ms.Hong’s (further information = more
information)
That footballer has the furthest practice during this training season. (the furthest practice = the most
practice)
S d ng đ i t ch đ nh that/those trong c u trúc so sánh:

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Khóa h c Luy n đ thi H-C môn Ti ng Anh – Giáo viên: Nguy n Ng c Anh C u trúc so sánh

Tránh l p l i danh t trong m t câu so sánh, các em s d ng that đ thay th danh t đ m đ c s ít ho c

danh t không đ m đ c và those đ thay th danh t đ m đ c s nhi u.
The water of Dead Sea is saltier than that of the Pacific Ocean (that đ thay th water)
The students in Ms.Hong’s class are more hard-working than those in the next door one. (those thay th
students)

Giáo viên: Nguy n Ng c Anh

Ngu n : Hocmai.vn

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