ABG

● DKA ● 300 mg/dL

pH 7.35 - 7.45 ● Hyperosmolar ● 600 mg/dL
Hyperglycemic
paCO2 35 - 45 Nonketotic Syndrome:

paO2 80 - 100 Glomerular Filtration Rate 120-125 ml/min

HCO3 22 - 26 ICP 0-10 mmHg

BLOOD LIPID PROFILE INR 2-3

Total cholesterol <200 mg/dL Intake & Output 1.5 L/day

LDL <160 IOP 10-21 mmHg

Triglycerides <200 Lithium Therapeutic Level 0.5-1.5 mEq/L

HDL >40 Na intake 3-5 g/day

Serum osmolarity (Na) 270-290

BLOOD PRESSURE
Spirometry > 80% exhaled air
Stages Systole Diastole
Theophylline 10-20 mg/ml
Prehypertensive 120-139 80-89
stage
Uric Acid < 8 mg/dL
Stage I 140-159 90-99
Hypertension Urine specific gravity 1.010 - 1.025

Stage II 160-179 100-110 ECG

Hypertension
ELECTROCARDIOGRAM/-PHY (ECG)
*Hypertensive 180-↑ 100-↑
Crisis
Small block: 0.04 sec Big block: 0.20 sec

Narrowed Pulse Pressure(<30) P wave: < 0.11 sec (atrial QRS: < 0.12 sec
● Shock depolarization/contraction) (ventricular
● Cardiac tamponade depolarization)
Widening Pulse Pressure (>40)
T wave: (ventricular U wave: N: Purkinje
● ↑ICP
repolarization/relaxation) Fibers; ABN:
● Patent Ductus Arteriosus Hypokalemia
(Repolarization)
CBC
PR Interval: 0.12-0.20 sec QT Interval: 0.32-0.40
RBC 4-6 million sec
Hgb F: 12-16 g/dL M: 14-18 g/dL
Hemodynamic Monitoring:
Hct F: 36-46% M: 40-50% 1. Central Venous Pressure: 2-6 mmHg
WBC 5,000-10,000 ○ (↑ = hypervolemia/R ♥ failure)

○ (↓ = hypovolemia/DHN)
Platelets 150K - 400K
2. Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure: 8-12
mmHg
Bed (hours) 6-8 hours ○ (↑ = hypervolemia)

Bowel Sound 5-35/min ○ (↓ = DHN)

BUN 10-20 mg/dL

SERUM ELECTROLYTES
Crea 0.6-1.4 mg/dL Potassium (+) (IC) 3.5-5.0 mEq/dL

C-Reactive Protein < 3 mg/dL Phosphate (-) (IC) 2.5-4.5 mg/dL

ESR 0-10 mm/hr

Sodium (EC) 135-145 mg/dL
FBS 70-125 mg/dL
Chloride (EC) 96-106 mEq/L
 Calcium 8-10 mg/dL

Spinal Nerves:
1. Cervical: 8 pairs (Vertebrae: 7 pairs)
2. Thoracic: 12 pairs
3. Lumbar: 5 pairs
4. Sacral: 5 pairs
5. Coccyx: 1

Heparin (parenteral) PTT Warfarin (Coumadin)

Therapeutic Range (PO) PT Therapeutic
Range

30-45 sec x 1.5 & 2 = 45- 10-12 sec x 1.5 & 2 = 15-
90secs 24 secs

GLASGOW COMA SCALE

Motor Verbal Eye opening

6: obeys 5: oriented 4: spontaneous

command 4: confused 3: open to
5: localized pain 3: inapp. Words speech
4: withdraws 2: incomp. 2: open to pain
3: deCORticate Sounds 1: no response
2: deCErebrate 1: no response
1: No response
MILD brain injury: 13-15
MODERATE: 9-12
SEVERE: 3-8
Deep Coma: 3

Doll’s Eye Test: PONS

● Positive (good prognosis)
● Opposite (N Brainstem fxn)
● Negative (bad prognosis)
● Same side (Abn Brainstem fxn)

Caloric Ice Test (COWS):

● Cold NSS to one ear→eye to Opposite side
● Warm NSS to one ear→eye to Same side