Unit 3 Adventures and Extreme Sports

GRAMMAR V OCA B UL A R Y TEXTS

O B J E CTI V E
F O CUS F OCUS
Paper 1 Reading Vince Vince IGCSE 1st Language (M. Cox)
QUESTION 3 Reported Unit 1 The Big Chill
Journal Speech Revision Unit 13 A Rock and a Hard Place
Article Unit 13 Twenty Years Later: Tom Ballard
Blog and K2.

V OC ABUL ARY F OC US
Vince Vocabulary Unit 1
Work on the activities on Unit 1. Use the dictionary if you need.
 Vince Vocabulary Unit 13
Work on the activities on Unit 13. Use the dictionary if you need.
Extreme Sports and Adventures on the Mountains
G RAMMAR F OC US
Reported Speech (Revision)

W I T H TE N SE CH A N GE S W IT H O U T TE N SE CH A N G E S
After a past tense reporting verb. Present Tense Reports
'I agree.' Peter said he agreed. If the reporting verb is in the present tense,
I'm leaving.' Jane said she was leaving. there is no change.
But the past perfect remains the same. Brenda says she's arriving at about
'No, I hadn't forgotten.' Greg said that he 6.00.
hadn't forgotten.
Past Tense Reports
In complex sentences, only the first verb is changed. If the reported words are 'always true', there
'I was walking home when I saw the is no change.
accident.' Harry told me that he still likes you.
James said he had been walking home when
he saw the accident. If a message is being repeated immediately,
there is no change.
Some words referring to people, places and time Mary said she's too busy to come.
change in indirect speech, because the point of
reference changes.
'I'll see you here tomorrow, Jack,' said Mary.
Mary told Jack she would see him there the
next day.
'I gave you this yesterday.'
John said he had given it to her the day
before.

Q UE ST I O N S C OM M AN DS A N D R EQ UE ST S
Yes/No questions are reported using if. Commands are reported with
'Do you like hamburgers? Charles asked me if I liked tell and the infinitive.
hamburgers. 'Go away!' He told me
to go away.
Wh- questions are reported with the question word. Requests are reported with ask
'Where are we going?' I asked Sue where we were and the infinitive.
going. 'Please help me.' He
Polite questions asked her to help him.
We can use a phrase like Could you tell me or Do you know to ask
for information in a polite way. Note the word order.
'Where is the station?' 'Could you tell me where the
station is?'
To report the question: I asked him where the station was.
Reporting Verbs

The ical e a e a a d ell b a e e ec ed e la ge cab la i cl de

other reporting verbs and use them correctly. A good dictionary should tell you how each reporting
verb is used. Below you have the most common examples.

You will find more examples on Vince Unit 13, p. 99

Do exercises on Vince to practice.
 The Big Chill
Pre-reading. The Arctic.

Fun Facts1

The Arctic is the

northernmost region of
Earth. It is almost entirely
covered by water, much of
it frozen.

During the Northern

Hemi he e i e
months, the Arctic is one of
the coldest and darkest
places on Earth. In summer
the Arctic experiences 24-
hour sunshine.

Indigenous Cultures: Inuit

bands in Canada and
Greenland engineered
igloos. nomadic Sami (an
indigenous people of
Scandinavia and
northwestern Russia) also
built temporary tent-like
structures, called lavvu.

Wa ch Arctic: Exploring Oceans lea m e:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=umAeFKF2uxA

Read The Big Chill a d a d answer:

1) Explain IN YOUR OWN WORDS these phrases:

S eel ki e ___________________________________________________________
he ial ahead __________________________________________________________
a he f hei b eed _____________________________________________________

1 Source: https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/arctic/
2) What happened in 1881 with the Jeanette? How did the crew of the Karluk learn about it?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
3) Complete this mind map.

4) List the main events in chronological order. Date those you can.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
J OURNAL E N TRY

In paper 1 (Reading) question 3 you are asked to write about 250 350 words, responding in one of
the following text types: letter, report, journal, speech, interview and article. Now, we will focus on
journal writing. So, what is it? Le a ch IGCSE Fi st Language English - Extended Writing Paper 1
JOURNAL WRITING https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pary_n9agyI

Features The narrator shares his voice and feelings. I i he st person (I We)
It includes a date (adopt chronological order)
Register: Usually informal if it is for personal record (diary), but it can be formal
if you are writing for a wider audience, for example to record an expedition.
Usually written in the past tense. But of course, present tenses are used to
describe present circumstances.

Style An authentic voice: Usually achieved through fillers (well, I mean, so)
FoS: Hyperboles, humour, idioms, rhetorical questions, e e i i

IGCSE Coursebook You have another example of a

Read p. 13 (non-fictional journal entry). journal entry on pp. 8 and 9 (Robinson
Which of the features mentioned can you identify? Crusoe: fictional journal entry)

How to go about it?

In question 3 you will be asked to write a creative piece grounded on a given text. So, you have to:

Carefully select ideas from the text.

Develop those ideas relevantly.
Use an appropriate voice and register.
Provide a clear and balanced response making sure you are fully covering the task.
Write a well sequenced response USING YOUR OWN WORDS.
Use precise vocabulary and appropriate grammar.

Writing Exercise
Re-read The Big Chill a d Imagi e a e Ca ai B b Ba le W i e 3 journal
entries with dates, for the winter period of 1913-1914.
Write about 300 words in an appropriate style referring to the following:
Previous events and original goal of the expedition.
S efa cha ac e a d beha i
The mood of the crew and their fears.
What happened to the Karluk.
Your thoughts and fears about the future.
 A Rock and a Hard Place

Pre-reading. Research:
What is K2? Where is it? What is it famous for?
Wha he ea he like he e i A g
Share your findings with the class.

Discuss questions on p.14

Read A R ck a d a Ha d Place a d

Discuss:
What sort of woman do you think Alison was? Brainstorm adjectives.
What would you have done in her place?
What do you think she needed to prove?
What do you imagine were her thoughts when she reached the summit?

Select 3 words that are new for you and look them up.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Language Focus
Express the following phrases in your words
a bleak i a ion _________________________________________________________
h o ded in g e ind- o ed clo d _________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
pl cked f om he idge ____________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

Writing Exercise
Write 1, 2 or 3 journal entries with dates. Refer to:
Your doubts and conversations with Richard Celsi.
What you need to prove.
The moment you reached the summit.
Beginning the descent and your hopes once you get home.
Write about 300 words.
Include as many words from units 1 and 13 as you can. Highlight them. Feel free to use the word
lists given in class and a dictionary.
A RTIC L E VS B L OG P OST

In paper 1 (Reading) question 3 you are asked to write about 250 350 words, responding in one of
the following text types: letter, report, journal, speech, interview and article. In this section we will
focus on the magazine article2 and the blog post.

Magazine Article
Before you start planning your article you need to answer these two questions:
Wh he a ge eade Tee age Scie i Ge e al blic
Wha he aim f he a icle Ad i e gge i f m c m a e a d c a t, describe,
e al a e ?

Layout It must include a catchy headline a ac he eade a e i A e i

can be used as a title.
I a g d idea i cl de b i le .
Opening: Make sure your first sentence is appealing. It must hook the reader and
encourage him to keep reading.

Features The audience of the magazine determines de tone of the overall piece.
Include facts, data, percentage, quotes, statistics, studies, research within the
body of the article to sound like an expert on the subject.
Include different points of view on the topic.
The body can be 3 to 5 paragraphs long.

Style Register: Usually neutral. It can also be informal, but this again will depend on
your target reader.
Make sure you include the correct terminology (specific vocabulary)
Voice: It must sound detached and professional.
Linking words, smart adjectives and idioms, varied sentence structures
FoS: rhetorical questions, repetitions, humour

How to sound detached Useful expressions

f he g e le i e ie ed belie ed ha
A ece O f d d e ealed h ed f d ha
Dr. Murray Hoffmann from Camb idge U i e i a The c i i i e a d e ha e ee
a i c ea e i ale c m a ed e i ea
A e ea ch f m C Lab Ne Y k di c e ed ha
Statistically speaking in 1959 there were fewer cases of fraud / hacking / di ea e

2 Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hIXxy53ys70&t=97s
As you see, Reported Speech is frequently included in articles, so you need to master the structures
of the different reporting verbs.

Blog Post
Twenty Years Later: Tom Ballard and K2

Read the blog post on p. 17.

Look up for these two words in the dictionary. Be smart! Make sure the definition matches the
context of the article. Use the Cambridge Dictionary.

To plug (v) _______________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________
Kicks (n) __________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

In pairs try to answer the questions on p. 17, point 6. Then, we will share our answers and complete
this chart together.

A RTIC L E B L OG P OST

STYL E

STRUC TURE
AND C ONTE N T

JUSTIFIC A TION