DHAKA UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

DUET, Gazipur-1707
Department of Chemical Engineering.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Course Code: ChE- 4756

Course Name: Particle Technology Sessional

Experiment No: 01

Experiment Name: Study of crushing, grinding and sieve analysis.

Date of Allocation: 22/07/2023 Date of Submission: 31/07/2023

Submitted By, Submitted To,

Name: Md. Arifuzzaman. Dr. Mahbuba Jannat

Student ID: 198004 Assistant Professor,
Year:4th Department of CHE.
Semester:1st
Md. Akib Atique Khan Dhrubo
Session:2022-2023 Assistant Professor,
Department of ChE.
DUET, Gazipur-1707.

…….……………………
Signature.
Experiment No:01
Experiment Name: Study of crushing, grinding and sieve analysis.
1.0Objectives:
➢ To study and operate a Jaw Crusher.
➢ To study and operate a sieve shaker machine.
➢ To perform screen analysis of the product and calculate the mean particle diameter.

2.0 Introduction:
The objective of crushing and grinding operations is size reduction of particles. Size reduction
is usually carried out in order to increase the surface area because, in most reactions involving
solid particles, the rate is directly proportional to the area of contact with a second phase. Solids
may be reduced in size by a number of methods. Compression or crushing is generally used for
reduction of hard solids to coarse size. Impact gives coarse medium, or fine sizes. In this
experiment, both crushing and grinding were done for brick, whereas only crushing was done
for concrete. The products were sieved and screen analyses were performed. Theoretical and
experimental power requirements were calculated. It was found that they were not very close
to each-other

2.1 Theory:
Bond’s Law:
Bond postulated that the work required to form particles of size Dp from very large feed is
proportional to the square root of the surface-to-volume ratio of the product Sp/Vp.
𝐸 𝑘𝑏
=
𝑚 √𝐷

where 𝐊𝐛 is a constant that depends upon the type of machine and on the material being
crushed. Work index 𝐖𝐢 defined as the gross energy required to reduce a very large feed to a
product size of which 80% can pass through 100 μm screen.

Kb = 0.1362 Wi
Now, the power requirement is written as,
𝐸 1 1
= 0.3162 Wi ( − )
𝑚 √𝐷𝑝𝑏 √𝐷𝑝𝑎

Dpa is the feed size (taken as the average of the first opening) and Dpb is the product size (size
of the opening through which 80% of the material can pass).
Mesh
Particle size is determined by screen analysis using mesh or screen. It is the number of opening
per linear inch counting from the center of any weir to a point exactly 1 inch distant or by an
opening specified in inches or millimeters, which is understood to be the clear opening or space
between the weirs.

Tyler Standard Mesh

Tyler Standard Mesh is one kind of standard mesh. The characteristics of the Tyler series are
given in Appendix, in which the length of one side of the square opening is given as the hole
size.

Screen Interval
Screen interval is a series of testing serves having an opening in a fixed succession. In the Tyler
screen interval, the widths of successive opening having a constant ratio of √2 or 1.414, while
the area of the successive opening have a constant ratio of 2.

Types of Mean Diameter: Common mean diameters that can be calculated from the result
of screen analysis are:
1. Volume mean diameter, 2. Surface mean diameter, 3. Linear mean diameter
∑𝑋𝑖/𝑑𝑖
Linear mean diameter, D=
∑𝑋𝑖/𝑑𝑖^2

3.0 Required Materials and d Equipment:

➢ Brick (sample)
➢ Digital Balance.
➢ Sieves
➢ Mechanical sieve shaker.
➢ Crusher Machine.
4.0 Experimental set-up:

Figure-01: Sieve Shaker Machine.

5.0 Working procedure:

❖ First of all, collected of all ingredients and required materials.
❖ Then weighted the sample of bricks and fed them into a Jaw crusher machine.
❖ Recorded the time required to crush to a certain size.
❖ Then withdrawn the product and performed a screen analysis in a screen and shaker
arrangement.
❖ After that measured the amounts of bricks different mesh number of sieves and pan.
Recorded the weight of sample.
❖ Then calculated the mean diameter from the recorded data and finally completed our
experiment.

6.0 Observed Data:

Work index(brick) =6.3
Total weight of brick (sample) =0.425 kg
Crushing time = 1.57 min
0.430
Mass flow rate, m = 1.57 =0.271 kg/min

= (4.52 × 10^ − 3) kg/s

 Data Table:
Obs. No. Diameter of each sieves (mm) Weight of sample (kg)

01 9.42 0.218

02 6.7 0.071

03 4.75 0.035

04 2.36 0.038

05 0.85 0.021

06 0.3 0.02

07 Pan 0.015

Total = 0.418 kg

7.0 Calculated Data Table:

Diameter Mass Mass Cumulative Average X/d x/d2 Smaller Larger
D (mm) m(kg) Fraction, Mass Diameter, mm-1 mm-2 than size than size
x fraction d (mm) noted noted

13.322 0 1 0

9.42 0.218 0.521 0.521 11.371 0.046 0.0040 0.479 0.521

6.7 0.071 0.169 0.69 8.06 0.021 0.003 0.31 0.69

4.75 0.035 0.084 0.774 5.725 0.015 0.003 0.226 0.774

2.36 0.038 0.091 0.865 3.555 0.026 0.007 0.135 0.865

0.85 0.021 0.050 0.915 1.605 0.031 0.019 0.085 0.915
0.3 0.02 0.048 0.963 0.575 0.083 0.145 0.037 0.963
pan 0.015 0.036 1 0.15 0.24 1.6 0 1
Total = 0.418 = 1 = 0.462 = 1.781
7.1 Calculation:
Id: 198004, No of aperture =2.36
4.75+2.36
S0, average aperture, d = = 3.555
2

0.038
Mass fraction, X =0.430 = 0.091
𝑋 0.091
Here, 𝑑 =3.555 = 0.026
𝑋 0.091
And, 𝑑^2 = 3.555^2 = 0.007

Feed size, Dpa = (9.42 × √2) =13.371mm

80% of feed passes product size, Dpb = 10 mm
𝐸 1 1
Energy required, = 0.3162 Wi (√𝐷𝑝𝑏 − )
𝑚 √𝐷𝑝𝑎

1 1
Or, E = 0.3162× 6.3 × ( − √11.371×10^−3) × (4.52 × 10^ − 3 )
√10×10^−3

So, E = 0.055 watt required energy.

∑𝑋𝑖/𝑑𝑖
Linear mean diameter, D=∑𝑋𝑖/𝑑𝑖^2

𝟎.𝟒𝟔𝟐
=𝟏.𝟕𝟖𝟏 = 0.259 mm

8.0Graph:
C.W.Fraction VS Diameter curves
1.2
Cumulative weight fraction

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Smaller than size Larger than size
Screen Diameter
Figure-2: Cumulative mass fraction vs. average particle diameter graph for brick.
9.0 Result and Discussion:
Power required for crushing 0.425 kg brick = 0.055 watt, Linear mean particle diameter of
brick = 0.259 mm.
In this experiment, Power required for crushing 0.425kg brick = 0.048197 watt, From the
obtained result it was found that there was huge deviation between experimental and theoretical
power required for crushing 1.75 kg concrete. This huge deviation might be occurred because
extra energy was consumed in jaw crusher for producing huge noise, certain amount of heat,
vibration and friction among the moving parts. These all things reduced the efficiency of the
jaw crusher. The motor used in the jaw crusher itself was not highly efficient. It had also
consumed certain extra amount of energy during crushing for its low efficiency. Power required
for crushing was recorded from energy meter for only one observation. Several observation
should be taken to get more accurate value. The measurement of linear particle diameter was
not fully accurate. There was loss of particle mass during shaking and fine particles were
suspended in air which might cause error in results. That led to a great erroneous result. The
wire meshes were age-old and rusty. Erosion might change the screen apertures to a certain
limit and this can affect our results. There was clogging of small particles in the wire mesh.
Separating them was difficult. We had to count this error. The shaker was out of order and did
not prove any good. Moreover, some particle was lost during the experiment on the floor and
the atmosphere. All that have been seen after performing the experiment calculations is that,
the experiment could be done under much more carefulness if the discrepancies could be
avoided.

10.0 Conclusion
The objectives of this experiment is to know about operate a Jaw Crusher, Sieve Shaker
machine and also perform screen analysis of the product and calculate the mean particle
diameter. In this experiment, power required for crush of brick calculated which proved the in-
efficiencies of the process. However, the experiment gives us practical knowledge about
industrial application.

References:
❖ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/294718800_An_experimental_work_on_the
_crushing_and_grinding_features_of_rocks_related_to_their_textural_properties
❖ https://www.fishersci.com/content/dam/fishersci/en_US/documents/programs/educati
on/brochures-and-catalogs/guides/troemner-can-crushing-experiment-guide.pdf
❖ https://old.amu.ac.in/emp/studym/99991391.pdf