PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 a.

attempt to locate all relevant

studies
b. consider difference in study
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
quality
Annotated Bibliography
c. differentiate between
- list of citations of resources followed by a brief
methodologically sound and
summary and analysis (annotation)
unsound studies
- 150 to 250 words
d. attempt to engage stakeholders
Literature
2. Systematic Review of Literature
- an oral or written record of man’s significant
- sequential acts of review
experiences that are artistically conveyed in
- ensures objectivity
prosaic manner
- requires to follow RRL steps
Literary work Direct expression Indirect - used in Post-graduate studies
of man’s expression
knowledge
- clear search strategy
- DOES:
Essay, novel, books, inferences, a. locate all relevant published and
journal, story periodicals, reflections unpublished studies
biography, etc. online reading b. limit impact of biases
materials
c. rigorous quality appraisal of all
included studies
Review of Literature d. clear eligibility criteria
- analysis of man’s written or spoken knowledge e. conclusions which are most
of the world methodologically sound
1. Examine man’s thinking f. engage stakeholders in shaping
2. Determine what people already know review questions
3. Catalog ideas in your paper Steps of Literature Review
4. Interpret and merge ideas with the author
5. Deal with formal or direct and informal or
indirect expressions of man’s knowledge
6. Relate concepts to your research
Purposes of RRL
- Find out existing info in your field of research Structure of RRL
- Identify gaps
- Find other people working in your field
- Identify major seminal works
- Identify main methodologies and research
techniques
- Identify main ideas and establish similarities
and differences
- Provide context for own research
- Show relationships between previous studies or
theories
Styles or Approaches of Literary Review
1. Traditional Review of Literature
- summarizes knowledge on specific
subject
- prone to subjectivity
- state intention in conducting review
- used in Bachelor's degree
- unclear criteria for choosing studies
- unspecified search strategy
- DOES NOT:
Other Approaches in Literature Review - make research feasible, optimal, and SMART
1. Chronological (simple, measurable, achievable, researchable,
- identify how a certain topic developed and time bound)
over time - a good scope answers the 5W and 1H questions:
- state reasons how and why you think the a. why - general purpose of study
topic evolved as it did b. what - specific subjects and variables to
2. Thematic be explored
- observing themes as you collect c. where - location/geographical setting of
information through synthesizing study
literature d. when - time period
- commonly utilized in literature across e. who - participants or population of
different fields study
3. Methodological f. how - methodologies
- comparing results from different Delimitations
approaches (qualitative, quantitative, - factors not included in the study
mixed methods) - “why I did not do it like this” > “why I did this”
- draw from various disciplines, evaluate - detail parameters you have set and reasons for
different methodological approaches excluding them, alternative options available,
followed by rationale
DEVELOPING THE INTRODUCTION Delimitation vs. Limitation
What Makes a Good Title?
Delimitation Limitation
1. Title must accurately inform the reader about
the contents of the study what a research will not what a research can not
2. Title should be simple, direct, and clear do do
a. focus on words explaining main theme
boundaries consciously outside the control of
and contents
set by researchers researcher
b. omit words that do not build meaning
themselves
c. use puns to make titles humorous and
interesting
decided prior to identified at the end of
3. Title contains the what, who, and how of the paper
conducting study
study
Background of the Study
- serves as introduction of the research paper Limitations
- establish research problem or central issue of - challenges and issues faced by the study that
the study may affect its results
- entice readers and grab their interest, introduce - identifying limitations = positive impact and
problem that led you to conduct a study, situate added credibility
topics in large scholarly context, convey Significance of the Study
message to specific audience - explanation of why your research paper is
Tips in Engaging Readers needed
1. compelling questions - addresses “so what” and potential value merit
2. anecdotes - justifies importance of research endeavors and
3. examples or case studies that highlight study possible implications in your field of study
4. contradictions in literature - enumerates possible beneficiaries of study and
5. challenge status quo benefits they will derive from the research
6. mind-the-gap introduction
Scope and Delimitation CONCEPTUALIZING RESEARCH FRAMEWORK
Scope of the Study Research Framework
- pertains to the parameters with which the study - defined as structure that guides researcher in
will be operating in (Simon & Goes, 2013) the research endeavor
- ushers researcher while methods are still being
planned
Theory
- set of explanations that are repeatedly tested
following the scientific method
- abstract description of relationships between
concepts that help us understand the world
- set of interrelated propositions, concepts, and
definitions that present a systematic point of
view specifying relationships between variables
with a view of predicting and explaining
phenomena
- theories can be:
a. descriptive
b. explanatory
c. emancipatory
d. disruptive
e. predictive
- provide lens or perspective of study
- endpoint or developed at the end of research
- feminist perspectives (women’s struggles and
institutions that cause them), critical theory
(empowering individuals to transcend
oppression), and queer theory (conveys voices
and experiences of suppressed individuals)
Theoretical Framework
- researcher’s utilization of theory to guide
him/her in the study
- application of theory to enlighten research
problem
- rationally developed set of ideas drawn from
one or more theories to support study
Techniques:
a. Analyze research title and problem
b. Identify key variables in research
c. Check related literature
d. Take not of concepts that are relevant
e. Review key theories
Definition of Terms
- clarify meaning of terms that are used
- necessary to cite references, if not, it implies
that you were the one who developed the
definitions