WATOG

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WoRLDA|R|T-Ntfia§lTEi€HN|CAL
OPERATIONS GLOSSARY
November 1992 A400
®
November 1992
AIRLINE INDUSTRY STANDARD

WORLD AIRLINES
TECHNICAL OPERATIONS
GLOSSARY
WAH©@ F°FDR[EE#H
ATA
IATA
ICCAIA
Copyright©1992bytheAIrTransportAssociationofAmerica(ATA).AIIn.ghtsreserved.No
partofthisdocumentmaybereproducedortransmittBdinanyformorbyanymeans,elecfronlc
or mectianical, includi ng photocopying and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval
system except as may be expressly pemitted in writing by the AIr Transport Assoclation Of
America.
\/er AT4 ccac``;£)5Jpio.`-f Dof6 i)i-ch.aL.er)/

` WOFtLD AIRLINES TECHNICAL OPEF]ATIONS GLOSSAF`Y
LJSTOFEFFECTIVI:PAAGES
Ease Qae Eggs Qae
tJst Of Eff. Pgs. Novombor/92

Prefaoo November/92 January/90
Janutry/90
lntroductlon January/88 JanNqulgo
JanLiary/90
Februay/86
February/86 February/es
January/88
February/86 February/ee
Februayms February/86
February/86
March/BI February/es
Novombe./92 January/so
November/92 February/86
February/86
Februay/86 FurywhrTT
November/92 January/80
JanNay|so JRNJ"/cO
Januay/co JENJJtrylco
Februay/86 Januay/88
January/B8
January/88
February/86 Jamuary/88
Februafy/es
February/ee •Hmruny|so
JaryNay|so
JanuaJy/co January/go
Fcfyrilay/cO Jarwny Ice
February/es JqNJJaylso
F®bruary/ee Ja"ary/90
Febmary/86
•ENNay|ee January/88
January/88
January/co January/88
November/92 January/88
November/92
NOv8mberre March/81
Novemberno2
March/83
twch/81
AInglNstm WI February/es
Febn.any/86 App. AJ January/90

February/86 App. A-2 January/88
List Of Eff. Pages

^l"iomhor/a.
WOI]LD AIRLINES TECHNICAL OPERATIONS GLOSSARY
PREFACE
This edition of the "World Airlines Technical Operations Glossaly' (WATOG) was
i[::=:fexi:rpE:ra:iEi:e:oAthc:fuT?n#r:cAe(::dq#ti#4oTothgpcngoEiitt::h*re
considered in the updating process and the Committee ìdshes to express its appreciation
to those who submitted comments.
The WATOG Committee is composed Of six (6) airline members and Six (6)
manufacturer members who vote on sugge§tious for addition. deletion or revision. The
only such suggestions approved for incorporation are those agreed upon unaninously by
the Cbinttee.
The intent Of the glossary is to foster improved worldwide inter-industry cormunicatjous
through the use Of colnmon definitions of terms which are gemane to airlines'
operations. The fomat of the glossary is striedy an alphabetical usting of `terms -
keyword first, followed by any modifiers. h cases where two or more terms have the
same meaning, the definition is shown adjacent to the preferred term Equivalent tens
are referenced to the preferred ten for deflnltlon.
Initial distribution of the glo§sary will be made try the Associations listed below;
additional copies should be reproduced at the local level. It is antidpated that the
glossary will be revised periodically, and suggestions regarding additious, deletions or
revisions to defiritious will be considered at the next meeting of the WATOG
Committee. Any organization wishing to submit suggestions should send them to the
most appropriate Association at the address shown below.
Proposed revisions for inclusion in the next edition must be submitted in the format
shorn on the last page of this edition. Only one proposal may be §ho`rm on each
separate sheet. Additional supporting documentation, if necessary, should be submitted
separately. Proposals should be received by January 1994 in order to be cousjdered for
the next edition.
AIL Lm
hdr. Edward J. Glueckler. Asst. M. R. E. Walder, Director
Director, Maint. & Materlel Endneerlng & Environment
Aft Transport ltsodation htemational AIr Tranapor( Assoc.
1301 Pennrylvania Avenue,N.W. 2000 Peel Street
Washington, D.a 20004 U.SA Montreal, Qìebec, Canada H3A 2R4
TCCAIA
Mr. Howard Aylesworth, Jr.
Director. Manufacturing and
Cormercial aistomer Support
lnternational Coordinating Council of
Aerospace Industries A§sociation
1250 Eye Street. N. W.
Washington, D. a 20005 U.SA
Preface
November/92
WOFtLD AIRLINES TECHNICAL OPEF]ATIONS GLOSSARY
I«TRODucrJON
Ttè pqirpo8e of the World Alrline8 Techf`lcal Oper&tion8 Glos8ary 18 co

pt.ovido comoll defiilitlon8 of terms that have a 8peci&1 8l€niflconco to
the ®irl]ne8. Technical Operations comulìty. The tern "Technical
opera.tion8" es used in the Citle ls intended to define a Subject area
conprl®1n8 Chose in.Ctc.a cofbin6 under Cllo purvicv of Cho .it'lifie8`
maintenance and engineerii`g functioDel organiz8tlon8, including [helr
ifiterfecea vlth the m8nuf®cturers' engineering end product support
function.1 organizations. The modifier "Technical" a8 used in glos8ary
terns ig intended to restrict the meaning of the terms to the Techfiic®l
Oporetions subjecc area. No legal 8ignific&nce or lmplicetion8 Bhould be
attechod to these terms. tlie purp®8o of such Corms being co provide
dofinitlons which are of practical value for tochnic®l operacion8.
in 8olocting terms to be included in the glo88ary. tt]e spon8orin6

orBanization8 have followed the cofivontion that ofily those temg h8viz)g a
spoclal 81gnificance ln the Technical Operaclof)8 subject area boyolia
comonly understood language u8aee Would .be included. Cofi818tent With Chic
::3:e::i:;:a;:: ::c:i:i:rF3:;#::i:A:o:=: 3:e:h:p::#:::!iyt:=:u::i?h

ITi revi8in6 the glo8Sary. efforts vere made wherever po88ible to achieve
con818toncy with definitions contained in All docuneot8 (e.g. ATA Spec
e loo. I{SC-3). A high degree of con8i8tency wag achieved. A8 there are

8tlll 8one definicion8 of [emg being devolopod in ATA .Spocific&tlollg.
ttiere nay remeln gone nihor continuing if)con8i8Cenciea ataoi`6 these
docunoficB. 1[ i8 elpected that future Glo88ery Comlttee activity will be
directed Cowaf.a scondardizln8 defini[ion8 of terms cofmon to ATA
Specifications. Users 6bould tie etJere Cliet the €loa8ery vas not ilitondod
[o Serve a8 a 8pecificatlon but ra.tner should be afforded tt]e stetu8 or an
industry standard,
TI`rougbout Ch® 81ossary the u®e of Ch® .ord8 "Tine" alid ''Iten" in the .eJ[t
of definicion8 should be onder8tood Co have meaning a8 defined below:
TIME Any appropriate unit of life ne®8urenent Such as

IòurS. cycles, landings. ecc.
ITEH î`y level of hardware a88onbly (i.e.. 8y8tem.

8ub8y8teD. module, ecces8ory, cotnponent. unit. pert.
etc . )
Since Cho 6lo66ary io ificoi)dad t® bo uaod intornaciolàlly, it. i8

as8ìned thee there Will be occ&8ion Co translate definitions from
English into another laegoage. U8or8 are ceutiol)od Chat change
of meaning may result ft.om Such tra.n81®tlon.
It`troduction
January/88
WORLD AIRLINES TECHNICAL OPERATIONS GLOSSARY
TEFI M D EFI NITIO N EOu lvALENT
TERM
ACCESSIBII.ITY A de81gn fo®ture Which eff®ct8

Cne oe8e of Bdml8Blop to flu oree
for the p®rfo"nce of vl8ual
end nanipulatlv® qieintenamce.
ACCESSOBT A pert, 8ubassembly, ®88embly or

component de8ignod for use in
conjunction With or to 8upple-
meat another item.
ACCIDENT An occurrence e88oci8ted With

the operation o[ en ®1rcraft.
which takes place betveon the
tine any poE'8on bo®rd8 the air-
craft vlch the iotentioo of
fll8hc. tintil Ouch tine a8 all
Such per8on8 hove diBenberked.
in which:
(a) Any person 8uffer8 death or

8erloo8 injury e8 a ro8ult
of being 1n or upon the
eircraf¢. or by direct con-
tact vlth the aircraft or
®nythin6 ®Ctached thereto;
-Or-
(b) the aircraft recei®ed

8ub8tential damage:
-Or-
(c) ±gr damage i8 catLsod to tt)e

property of a third party.
AGE EXPLORATION A 8y8temtlc evaluation of on
itezn based on afialygl8 of col-
lected infomation from lfl-
service ezperieDce. It e88e88ea
the lten'B resi8tence to a
deterlor&tlon process vlth
re8pect to increa8iDg ®8e.
AGE. THRESHOLD The tine before which in8pectlon

of the condition of ®n iteD ia
required. or beyond vl)ich lo-
gpoction 18 considered to
provide useful condition
i nf ormat 1 on .
A-I
February/86
WORLD AipLINEs TECHNlcAL OpEriATIONs GLossARy
TERM DEFINITION EOUIVALENT
TERM
®
AGE. THRESHOLl) NOTE: "ro8hold &g® nay bo
(Coat I d ) Specified o8 an upper llait
before vhlch ld8poction mu8t be
performed. or any bo 8p®cifiod
a8 a lover limit below which an
in8p®ction i8 not con8idored to
provide useful 1nfom®tion.
AIRCRAFT IN The average tlun.ber of aircraft

SENICE used ln a.ircraft operations and
normal n&ifltonance during a re-
porting period.
»OIE: The ntmber of aircraft in

service i8 celculaced ff on the
aircraft days avallablo for the
porlod dlvldod by the total
number of days 1n the porlod.
Alrcr.fc d.y. .Yell.ble lncludo
days required for nomal neinto-
nonce end overhaul.
AIRCRAFT mlNIE- A manual that enables a nechenic

ilA)Ice iiAiluAt. (Amf ) who i8 tLnfandllar With the
aircraft, to naiotain the
ai.craft whether Such action i8
required on the lino or hangar/
8ervico cenitor.
Note: ATA Specification No. loo

de8cribo8 the recomendod con-
CooC of th. Danu&l.
AIBCRAPT 0» The hi€ho8t priority de8i8oation

GROUND (AOG) to process a requiroDent for a
spare part(8) end/or fD&intenence
octlofi. Indicate8 that an olr-
craft i8 unable to continue ar
be returD®d to revenue 8ervlce
until the appropriate ectlon 16
takeo .
AIRCRAFT RECOVERT A mnual describing aircraft

ENUAL (ARE) recovery operation in tem8 of
equipnont and Cooling require-
fBenc8 aB V®11 a8 proceduro8
neceB8ary to lift, 8horo. and
recover ®lrcraft 8ubject®d to
any aLtinomal condition,
A-2
Febrtiery/86
TEn M DEFi NiTio N EolllvALENT
TEF'M
AIRCRAFT RECOVERY Note: ATA Spocificacion No. loo

ENUAl. (ARE) ae8crltie8 tl)a recomenaea coiicopc
( Coat ' d ) of the fDenunl.
AIRLINE OPBRATINC Inforfaation 8tippli.a by th.

PB0Flt.E ait'1ine Co the equipment manu-
f8ctufer for celculatlon of
8p8z.e8 icen8 needed to suipporc
Che eirline3 fleet.
AIRroRTHINBsS The condition of a,I` item

(aiircraft. aircraft 8y8ten or
pert) in which th&C iten
operat®8 in a safe manner to
accozapli.h it. lot.nd®d pvrpo9®
ALTERNATE An item which fully neet8 re- IIEH. ALTERNATE

quired function.1 end Structural PROCEDURE ,
specifications, but differs ALTERNATE
either ln overall eztern®l
dimen8ion8, conn®ctioii8.
in8tallacions and/or mountillg
provisions end require8
additional parts. revorL, or
modlficetion to install in a
Specific eppl]cetion.
AIC6rn8te procedtire8 folly meet

the required maintenance 8peci-
ficacions. but fBay require eddi-
tlonal docìmotltetion. tr®itlipg,
Daonlng. 8pecl&l toolln6 en¢/or
toot oquipmont.
ANAL,YSIS . An ezten8loo of follure mode and

CBITICALITY effect analy8i8 wherolo the de-
gree of de8radlation of aircraft
oper&tin6 Safety duo to foilu[o
effeccf! i8 predicted.
ANALYSIS. FAILURE A ay8tema.tic ev&lga,tion of ai

roI]E AND BFFBcl 8yscen or 8ub8yscem de81gn.
en8lyzed down to the component
and/or function level. to iden-
tify the po8sil)le nodes of
fa.ilure and deterfttine their
effect on the ay8tem or aircraft.
A»ALYS IS , The process of identifying STUDY, WORK

mlNTENANCE required maintenance functions
througl) ®na.Iy8i3 of a fifed or
:i:unm::td:ii::t:::::::F:£!n8
acconpli8hing these functions.
WOF]LD AIF]LINES TECHNICAL OPERATIONS GLOSSARY
DEFINITION EOUIVALENT
TEl]M TERM
ANALYSIS, The asge88nenc of the perform-

PEREOENCB ance level of an lten. ®irc[®ft
or float from porformnce data
or nea8urenent8 or 8tati8tic®l
informtloa.
ARALYS IS , The a88e8sment of prob&bllltlo8
RELIABILITY to det®mlne 8etlofactory per-
fomance of ao lten under speci-
fied condltion8 of u8o over a
given 8orvice period by means of
8tati8tlcal 8todie8.
ARENAL, LATE An aircraft arrival after Sched-

(TEcl{NICAL) uled arrival tine, c®u8ed by a
inoun or 8uspectod oqulpnent
nelfunctlon and/or dofoct.
ASSEHBLY A number of p®rt8, suba8Benblio8.

or any conblnetion thoroof
joined togoth®r to porfom a
8peclfic function end vhlch can
be di8a88®nblod vithouc do8truc-
tlon of de818n®d use.
NOTE: Tli® distinction betveon

® an a88onbly and a 8ubeB8ehbly 18
aot olva.y8 olact - ae a88oDbly
in one lnstence Day t>e a 8uba8-
Benbly lD another where lc fom8
a portion of an ®Bgonbly.
NOTE: For r®1atlon8hlp of

e88ocleted t®m8 Bee dia8ron on
page S-5.
ASSEMBLY, NEXT At` a88®nbly on vhlch the

I[IGHEB parllculeE. lton una®r ai8co881on
i8 attached or 18 a part of
oithor directly or through
intormedlate att®chifig p®rt8.
ASSEHBLY. One or nope Structural olenent8

STRUCTURAL which together provide a ba81c
8tructurol function.
i;£"®ry/86
TEE)M
Bud( S®o tIATBRIAt., BULK
BURDBW I See COST, IrolRECT mlNTE»A»CE

XAIRTENAJICE ( "C ) .
BURN-IN See RUN-IN.
E=1. ._ _.. ,a£

® TERM DEFINITION EQulvALENT

TEFIM
CAI.IBRATION The appllcaLtion of 8peclfic&1`ly

mown and accur&toly fnee8urod
itLput to eo8ure that ao iten
will produce 8pecif lc&11y known
output which i8 eccurat®1y
nee8ured or indicated. Callbr®-
tion ificltide8 &dju8tmentor
recording of corroctiofi8, a8
appropriate.
CANCEI` Detemined to be no longer

u3eble in a p®rtlcular fomer
application. (See ''DEI;ETE" if
the item ia unnoco88®ry and con
be omitted vlthout need for
future rer®roace. )
CANCEL[,ATI0N Elinipation of a scheduled trip

(TEcflNICAL) becau8e of a knotm or 8ogpected
mlfunctlon one/or defect.
NOTE: Cancell®tlan of any or

all of the flight legs of
nulti-leg trip con8tltute8 only
one c®ncell®tion.
CARI), JOB A card issued to the vorkm®n CARD, V0BK

giving dote.il8 of the vorL to be
done. Usually contains provi-
sion for rocoading 8t&rt and
completion tino8 end the e8ti-
fDated t®rg®t or 8tandara tiour8.
Hay also include a description
of test equipment. Cooling, or
natoriel e8aocleted tJith the
Cask.
CARD, WORK See CAin. JOB.
CAUSE, BASIC The c®u8e of a defect. failure

or dam&Be which re8olt8 in ml-
functionlng of an iten When:
1. being operated and maintained

in a miiner for which it voa
designed, and
2. the cou8® v®s not ezternally

induced.
£::ch/81
wof]LD AmLiNEs TECHNicAL OPEFtATIONS GLOSSARY
a CHECK
TEflM OEFINITION
An exarfution to
EOulvALENT
TERM
funedonal capability or physi-

cat integrfty of an item
CRECK, BENCH A functional check of an item in

the shop to deterrine whether or
-,
not the item may be rettimed to
service, or whether it requires
adjustment, repair or overhaul.
clmcK. FUNcnoNAL A quantitative check to detemine

if one or more functions Of an FuncmoNAI
item perfoms within specified
lirits.
CIHCK, OPERATIONAL A task to determine that an item TEST'

is fulfilling its intended pur- OPERATIONAL
pose. The task does not require
quantitative tolerances. This
is a fault finding task.
cllEex[ scREDulED Any of the maintenance oppor-

MAINTENANCE turities which are prepackaged
® and are accomplished on a regu-
• Jar basis.
CHECK, A visìal check conducted from ground

wJur-ARouND level to detect obvious discrepancies.
corml.ART A known or suspected malfunction SNAG

or defect found dy fight crew
or maintenance persomel which
is docLimented and requires msin-
tcnance action.
COMPLJ-, Reports of discrepancies which

bLA-NAICE are found by maintenance per-
sonnet and which require mainte-
nance achon
cOMplAms, Suspected or known malfunquous pnREp; REpoRTs

PII.OT or unsadsfactory conditions PIIOT
entered dy the flight crew into
the aircraft log and which re-
quire maintenance action.
C-2
November/92
TE RM DEFI NITION EO u lvALENT
TEF'M
cormo- Any self-contained part, combin.
ation of parts. sobassemblies or
UNIT
units. which perform a distinc-

tive function necessary to the
operation of a eystem.
NOTE: For relatiousl]ip of

associated terms, see diagram on
page S-6.
COMPONENT MAIN- A manual containng shop verified

TENANCE MANUAL procedures that will enable a
(CMM) mechanic who is unfamiliar with
the component to restore it to
serviceable condition.
Note: ATA Specification No. 100.

descnl)es the recomlnended content
of the manual.
CONCRT, See PROGRAM, FAHGUE REIAThD

Fu3FT IJ3ADER SAMPIING
CONCEFT, A colleedon of ideas and

b~NANCE philosophies in maintenance
which are used as the basis for
the development of a apecific
maintenance program procedure
Or polity.
coNDmoN See MAINTENANCE, cONDrHON

.MONITORING MONITORED.
coNsuhrmlE See rlEM OONSUMABu3
CONTAJNMENI The restriction of damage within

a apecified pkystcal envelope
following failure of an item.
cormoIIED See EVALUATION. SERVICE.

SERVICE USE
COST, DIRECI` Those maintenance labor and

MAINTENANCE (DMC) material costs directly ex-
pended in performing mainte-
nance on an item or aircraft.
C-3
\,_..__I--,in
a
WORLD AIRLINES TECHNICAL 0PEl]ATIONS GLOSSARY
TEf] M D EFI NITl o N EO¥lEvftiENT
COST. I)IRECI NOTE: Does not include those

mlNIENANCB (I"c) lndirecc maintenance leibof and
( Coat ' a ) nateriel elpenditure8 which
contribute to the overall naln-
tenance operatlon8. line
station 8erviclng, admini8tre-
tion. record keepln6, 8uper-
vi8ion. tooling. t®8t ®quip-
meat. facilities. otc.
COST. DIRECT Those costs incurred a.a a result

0PERAIIN6 of operating an alrcrELfc, in-
( I)OC ) cluding Such costs &8 flight
crew. fuel and oil. inguranco.
maintenafice, landing fees and
navigation charges.
COST. INDIRECT Those maintenance labor and BuroEN

HAINIENANCE nateriol co8t8 not considered mlNIENANCE
( IHC ) to be direct maintenance co8t8.
but which contribute to the
overall naintonance progran
cogt8 through overhead opera-
tions, adnlnistratioo. record
keeping. gupervioion. Cooling,
test equipment. f®cilltle8. etc.
COST, INI)IRECT Those co8t8 not con81dored to be

OPERATING direct operating coats but Which
( IOC ) contt'ibute to the overall
operating co8t8 of the aircraft,
including 8uch co8t8 a8 general
&dmifii8tretion and finance,
pa.s8en6er service. marketing,
and aircraft and pa8€enger
handling 8ervico8.
cosT oF ounERSHlp The 8tm of acaui€ition plug the

operation odd Support costs
incurred during the period of
ot.inorship of the iton. Acqul81-
tlon includes one-tine or non-
recurring costs, Such a8
purchase, initial provi8ioning,
special tools and egulpmenc. end
dl8posal costs. if any. Opera-
tion a.nd support co8t8 include
both direct end indirect
Oper®tifLg cO8t8.
8;3ruary/86
®
TERM DEFINITION EQUIVALENT
TEF'M
CYCI.E , AIRCRAFT A completed take-off end l&Ddin8 CYCLE , FI.IGllT

OPERATING Sequence . (tAIDI»O)
NOTE: Touch end go l®ndlog8 ere

counted as Aircraft Operating
Cycles .
CYCI.B. ENGINE A completed engln® themal cycle

OPERATING incltidin8 the application of
takeoff power.
CYCLE. FLIGHT See CYCLE, AIRCRAFT 0rgRATINC

(ENDIIVC)
CYCLE, SUPERSONIC A completed super8onlc flighc

Sequence conprl8illg acceler®tlon
through Xach 1 end deceleration
to 8ub8onie flight.
NOTE: One aircraft op®ratlng

cycle can include Dope than one
8uper8oaic cycle.
C-5
February/86
®
WOF]LD AmLINES TECHNicAL OPERATIONS GLOSSARY
TEflM DEFINITION EOUIVAIENT
TERM
DAMAGE, Pbrsical deterioration of an
AcxmENTAL item caused by contact or inpact
with an object or influence
which is not a part Of the air-
craft, or by human error during
manufacturing, operation of the
aircraft, or maintenance practices.
DJunGE' Physical detedoration of an DETERIORAHON.

ENVRONhfflr`rlÀL item's strength or resistance ENvlRor`mffiNTAL
to failure as a result of chem-
ical interaction with its
clinate or environment.
I)AMAGE, FOREIGN Damage to any portion of the air-

OBJECT GOD) craft caused by inpact or ingestion
Of birds, stones, hal or other debris.
DAMAGE, INGESTION Internal damage to an engive DiunGE, FOREIGN

OBJECT caused kyy an outside object such oBJEor (POD)
as birds, stones, haft or other
foreign objects.
DAMAGE TORERANr A qualification standard for

aircraft §trtlcture. An item is
judged to be damage tolerant if
it can sustain danage and the
remaining structure can with-
stand reasonable loads without
struct`ml failure or excessive
structìral deformation until the
dange is detected.
DEBUGGING A process to detect and remedy

inadequades preferably prior to
operationd use.
DEFECT Any confined abnormal condition

Of an item whether or not this
could event`rally result in a failure.
DEFERE- The possibiEty that an item can

remain inoperable and/or
defective within the terms of
the NInimum Equipment hist (MEL)
or Confiuration Deviation fist (CDL).
D-I
Nrtyf.Tntpr/q?
W0f]LD AIl]LINES TECHNICAL OPEFIATIONS GLOSSARY
TEflM DEFINITION EOUIVALENT
TERM
® I)EIAY (TECHNICAL) Iochnical delays occur when
the aelfunctionlng of 8n
item, the checking of Same
or nece88®ry corrective
&ctlon, caLu8e8 the final
departtire to bo delayed by
more than a Specified time
af ter the programed
departure time in efly of
the following ln8Cance8 :
1. An origirlating flight
departs later the,n
the 8chedtilod
departure time.
2. A through Service or
turn-around flight
romain8 on the eroi]nd
longer Chan the
allowable ground time.
3. The aircraft i8
released late from
maintenance.
NOTE: A cancellation
6upei8ode8 a delay (i.e., a
flight which i8 ca,Dcelled
after having been de-
layed, 18 considered to be
a caficellation only - not a
delay and a cancellation).
OEI.EIB Ronovo afi lten from a

8pociflc epplicatlon. For
techolc®1 data ''I)el®te"
indicates the removal of a
paragraph, phraee, page.
etc,
DEPARTURE Movement of an ®ircrafc
from Che bloct8 for the
purposes of intended flight.
NOTE: Inere con be only
one departure per flight
leg (i.a.. only the final
departure i8 counted in
cases where the aircraft
returns to the block af tor
the initial departtir®}.
D-2
•TAniifLrv/90
wOFtLD AmLINEs TECHNicAL opEFÀTIONs GLOssAF`y
a TEnM D EFIN ITio N EQ uivALENT
TERM
I)EPARTURE (Coat.a) For convenience Purpo8o8 Some

Oper®cor8 con8iaer a
dep®rtore to occ8r each tine
an aircraft loeve8 the ground.
DERATING The intentional reduction of

tl)e 8tre88/8Cr®ngth ratio lq
the appliceclon of an item.
u8uelly for the purpose of
reducing the occurrence of
stress-related failures.
I)ETAIL . the lowest functional level in

SIRUCIURAI. a,n aircraft 8tructuro. A
dl8crete region or area of a
8tructurol eleneDC. or a
boundary intersection of two
or more elements.
DEIBRIORATION , see I)AllAGB. ENVIB0NHENIAL

ENIBONXENIAL
DIRECT-ADVERSE Direct: Achieves 1t8 effect

EFFECT ON by itself . not in combination
OPERATING SAFETY With other fìnc¢ional
failìre8 (no redundancy
®zists and is a primary
dispatch item).
AAdver8o Effect on Safety:

InplleB the,t the conseqìence8
are eltromely 8erlous or
poB8lbly c®te8Crophic and
night ceii8e tlio lo$8 of
aLircroft or lnjìry to
occupants.
OooratlnE: The tine from the

mmoment the ®lrcroft first
novo8 under ltg oim power
`mcil the monont it cones to
pest et the nelt point of
lending ("flock-to-Block").
DISCARD TASK Ibe removal from Service of

on item at a Specified life
limit.
D-3
January/90
W0f]LD AIHLINES TECHNICAL OPERATIONS GLOSSAFIY
TEflM DEFINITI a N EO u lvALENT
TERM
DIVERSION The lafiding of all aircraft at an

(TECIINICAL} eirport other than the airport
of orl6in or deetlnatiofi .e eL
re8ult of the mlfunctioa or
8u8pected nelfuncclon of any
item on the aircraft.
Dounlrm The tine during which an air

craft is aot ®v®11®ble for
flight for techalc®1 reasons.
DOWNIIHE. ACTIVE The m&inten®nco dountine during

mlNIgIVAI.cB which York 1® being done on the
item or aircraft.
DOWNTIHE . The interval becveen the tine ®n

HAINIEENCE item or aircraft i8 made evell-
able for preventive or correc-
tive mainten®nco until the item
or aircraft 18 returned to or
con8ider®d .vallable for 8ervlce.
DOWNTIHE. NON- The mlntenence do`mtine during

AcllvE mlNTENANCE Which no vort i8 done on 8
component or aircraft.
DUIIE§. Nomi. Crew conBi8t8 of qualified cock-

OPERATING CREW pit and cabin attendant person-
nel who are on duty. Those
dutie8 which are inherent in the
nomel Operation of the aircraft
to include the following:
a) Prefligbt checl ll8t by
opor.¢ing crev nenbor8;
b) Xonltoring of cockplc ®od/or

cabin ln8truDeBtetlon. by
ooeratlag crow:
c) BecogDition of abnorfralitle8
or feilure8 by the opora¢ing
crew throoBh the use of
nomal phyelcal 8en8e8 (i.e.,
odor. ool8o. vibr®tlon. tezn-
peroturo. vl8ua.1 ob8erv®tion
of damage or f&iltlre, chango8
in phy8ic®1 iaput force
requlronent8. ®tc. ).
D-4
February/86
WoRLD AmLiNEs TECHNicAL opERATioNS GLoSSARV
® TER M DEFI N ITI ON EO U IVALENT
TERM
EFFECTIVENESS . The probobllity that a 8y8ten

SYSTEM call 8ucces8fully neat ®n
operatlonel deaend vithin a
given Cine whop operated under
8pecifi®d condltlon8.
EFFECTIVENESS , The pet.centage of the total

UNScllEDULEI) number of un8cheduled maintenance
XAINIENAVCE actions which vere 8ucce88ful.
EFFECTIVIIT Indic®te8 tlie epplicat)ility of

iten8. nateri818 and/or techni-
cal daca to a type, 8erle8.
model or individual item.
ELBHBNr . Tva or Bore 8Cruccural details

SIBUCTURAL which together fom an
idezitlfiod n&aufoLccurer' 8 agB®n-
bly part.
ENGINE The ba81c engine ®88embly plus

its eB8entiol acce88orie8 a8
supplied by the engine manufac-
turer,
ENGINE. BASIC Those units end conponefits which
are o8ed to lfiduce and convert
fuel/air nilture into thrust/
povor: to tE'enenit power to the
propeller 8heft., 1f any, and
acce88ory drlve8: to 8uppleDent
the function of other defined
gy8tem8 eltern&1 to the engio®:
end to control end direct the
flow of internal lubrication.
The nacelle cod the rever8or are
elcloded.
ENGINE ENUAL A manual containing all technical

(EX) dote required to frointaln the
engine including the Dazimun
potential ntifnber of parts that
could, reg&E.dleB8 of design
re8pon81bllity, remain vitli the
engine whop it i8 removed fron
the aircraft. .
NOTE: ATA Specifica,tion No. loo
descrlbe8 the rocomended cont-
tont of the naouol.
g:!"ary/86
woFiLD AmLiNEs TECHNicAL OpERATioNs GLOssARy
® TEl]M DEFINITION EQUIVALENT
TERM
ENOINE. HAXIHUH An on6ine plug those parto nckin6

IVBUTRAL lt peculiar to ao aircraft type.
but not to any particular posi-
tion on the aircraft.
ENGINE BRING . The detemination of man`8 capa-

I]UEN bilities and lidiitatlon8 a8 they
relate to the equipment or 8y8-
ten8 he Will use. and the appli-
cation of this knowledge to the
planning ,design. end testing of
nan/machine conbination8 to ob-
tain optim\in perfomance, oper®-
bility. reliabilit.y. efficleacy.
safety. and naintainability.
EQUI"ENI, AIR- All equipment required on the

BORNE SUPPORT aircraft to support the operatioa
(ASE) and naintenanc® of the aircraft
end all 1t8 airborne equipment.
EQUIPKENI . See EQUIPHENI, GROUND SUPPORT

AIRCRAFT GROUNI) ( 6SB ) .
(AGE)
BQUIPHENI , Equipment which auto"tically

AUTORATIC TEST c&rrie8 out a predetemined
(ATE) program of te§tin6 for po8gible
mlfunction With ninimun reli-
ance upon humn intervention.
•EQUIPHENI. BUILT Xonitoring end test equlpnent
IN TEST (BITE) installed in 8®1ected ay8ten8 ,
8ub8y8ten8. or components for
use in fault isolation.
EQUIPHBNT , GROUND Bquipnent required on the ground EQUIPXENI .

SUPPORT (GSE) to support the operation and AIRCRAFT GROUND
maintenance of the aircraft end (AGE)
all its airborne equipment.
EQUIPMENT. Equipment required to support the

SUPPORT operation and rna.inten®Dce of the
air..I.aft aad all its aifbora®
equipment.
ERROR. BUILD Those faulty actions whlcb occur EmoR

end are not rectified during the PRODUCTION
assembly and or gubBeguent test
of an iten duria6 nanuf®cture.
overhaul or repa.ir.
i:8ruary/86
® TERM D EFI N ITIO N EQulvALENT

TEF'M
BREOR' An error on the part of mainto-

mlNIENANCE tianc® persomel lo perfomlng
naintonance on ®n lten vblch re-
8ult8 in 8tibeequent faillure or
malfunction. or &n error io
published nainten®nce procedures
which reault8 in Subsequent
failure or nelfunctlon.
ERROR. PROI)UCTION See EBBOB. BUILD.
If7ALUATION , An evalu&tlon of an item vblle CONIBOLI.ED

SERVICE perfoming its intended function SERVICE USE
durifig no"1 operetlon of the
aircraft.
EVALUATION , The asse88ment of any data vhich

sTRucTumL I.elate8 to the 8t[ucturel integ-
(AIRFBAHB) rity of the .irfrane.
NOTE: Some date ezalnple8 that
nay be considered:
Renov&1 reports
Failure node reporc8
Inspection urlteup8
Flight hour8
Pilot reports
Aircraft operating cycles
Tine
•EXPENDABLE See ITEM. EXPENDABLE
EXTRA SECTION Any flight mde to accomodate

(XSEC) pa8geng®r8 or cargo not handled
by the regular flight Schedule.
;3ruary/86
WOF)LD AmLiNES TECHNicAL opEFtATioNs GLossARy
TEf]M DEFINITION EOUIVALENT
TERM
FACTOR. See FACTOR. ACCEI,ERATION.

ACCELERATION TEST
FACTOR, The r®tlo betveen the times FACTOR,

ACCELERATION nece88ary to obtain a 8tatoa ACCELERATED
proportion of failures for two TEST
different 8eca of 8tre88 condi-
Cion8 involving the Bane failtire
modes end/or nechonisn8.
FACTOR. DERATING The ratio of operating to design

§ tt.e§ 3 ,
FACTORS. HUIAN lzunl®n physiological, phy8ic&1

and psychological ch®racter-
i8tic8 rel8tlve to complex
sy8ten8 and the develop[nent and
application of pr{ficiplo8 and
procedures for acconpli8bing
optimum nan-machine integration
and utilization. the tern i8
used in a broad 8en8o to cover
all bionedic&l and psycho-I;ociel
considerations pertaining to a
man in the 8y8tem.
FAcroR. OpERATINc The ratio.of the operating hoops

(IN-SERVICE of the in-Service equipment under
EQUIPHENT) con8ideratlon Co the n`rml>er of
f lying I)ours incurred by the
equipment.
`FAIL-SAFE
A design criteria which requlre8
that predic®ble failure of ®n
itoD Will not place the aircraft
into an uncontrollet)le condition.
The in.t.ilicy of .a item to per-

form within pz'eviou8ly Specified
limi t8 ,
FAILURE . See FAILURE. SUBSIl)IARY.

ADDITIONAL
FAIl.URE, BASIC A defect, failure or damage e8 a

result of na.Ifunctlonin8 of a
sygcem. unit.-'or pert while
being used in the D®nner for
Which it was designed end which
va8 not eztern811y induced.
FAILURE , I)EPENDENI See FAILURE, SECONDARY.
5::uary/88
Wof}LD Alf]LINES TECIINICAL OPEflATIONS GLOSSAf]Y
e TERM
FAII.URE EFFECTS.
DEFINITI a N
Failtiro effoct8 which do oat

EOulvALENT
TEFtM
WON-OPERATIONAL provonc .1rcr®ft opemtlon. t]ut

are ecanomlcally undo8ir®ble due
to added labor ond n®Cerial cost
for aircraft or Shop rep®1r.
FAII,ORB BFFBCTS. F&11ore offect8 which interfere

OPERATIONAL vich the conpletlon of the &ir-
creft Di88iofl. These failures
cause delays , concellatlon8,
ground or flight interruptions.
high dr®8 cooffici®nt., altitud®
re9trietion8, etc.
. FAILURE , See FAII.URE, PRIRARY.

IveEPENDENI
FAILURE , pRIRAur Failure of all item which occtlr8 FAILURE .

vitnout t>elng caused I)y the INI)EPENDENT
failure of en &88oci®t®d item(8).
FAILURE , ENl)OX Failure of an item which i8

unpr®dictabl® vith respect to
t imo .
FAILURE. SECONI)ART F&11ure of an item Which ig FAILURE.

catl8od by the falluro of ®n I)EPENDBRT
® a88ociated lton{8).
FAILURE . A failure fouad after removal, FAILURE

SubsIDIARY which i8 not related to the ADDITIONAL
rea8on for reaov.1.
FAILURE NODE The Way ln vhlch the failure of

8n item occut'8.
FAII.URE RESISTANCE The ability of a 8y8ten or an

iton to vlth8tand 8tre88e8 ln-
posed tipon it by its operating
eavironnent. Ihe8e 8tr®88e8 aey
be nechonical. therml. cheDlc®1,
ol®ctrical or a conbina*1on of
those and other 8tre88o8. Fail-
ure re818t®nce nay be directly
I.elated to and dt>tez.iorate vitlt
age (aircraft total tine) or to
the frequency of the ®pplic®tion
of the 8tro88 (e.g. engine
cycles, aircraft lendinge, etc).
F-2
February/86
wofiLD AmLiNES TECHNlcAL OPEflATIONS GLOSSAl]Y
TEF]M
FAULT ISOLATION Th. proc... u8ed Co ldofitify Cho

&8Benbly. conponenc, or part
which i8 the 8ourco of
mlfunction .
ENJLT ISOIATION A naooal cont®1nlDg technlc&l
unAI,(FIH) date required by the Dochanic to
18ol&t® the foulc end to
identify correctlvo action.
IIote: ATA Speclficatlon No. 100

de8crib®8 the recomend®d
content of the Denuel.
Paul.I REPORTING A mnual contelnlng technical

INUAL(FEN) data vlth which tlle flight crew
can ea811y ldefltify, analyse a,nd
comufiicate aotall8 of elrcr&f[
Dalfunctlon8 to the ground
nalntenonce function.
Note: ATA Sp®clfication loo

de8cril)eg the recom8Ddod
content of the neliual.
e I--Out The interruption of engine

operation ro80lting fron total
lo88 of conbu8tlon tithlle tb®
fuel control 18 in the Pob"
pO8ltlon.
FLIGHT (FLT) Tho ontlro p®88ego coo8i8ting TRIP

of one or dioro flight le€8, from
leaving the airport of orlgln to
&rrlval at the ®lrport of final
de8tinatiop etLd operated under
one fligtit fiute[.
FI.IGHT. CI]ABTEB A revenue fll8ht th®C 18 not
listed ln tl)e publlBhed tlme-
c.bic, boo i. I.®Oked fez. a
8poclflod p8rpo8o.
FLIGHT, FERRY A nonrevonue flight qnde to

position aLn ®ircraift for any
reason.
F-9
Febru.ry/86
WORLD AIRLINES TECHNICAL OPEFtATIONS GLOSSARY
TEFW DEFINITION EOUIVALENT
TEF'M
FLlcur. FEmr A nonrevonuo flight na,de to

(TECHNICAl.) po8ltlon aD ®1rcroft bocau8o lt
roquire8 Daint®nonce action.
FLIGHT. PILOT Any flight aede to train or

TRAINING choctout tbe flight crew.
FLIGHT. TBS] Any flight node to check any

itofD or the eiE.cr.ft.
FLIGHT LEG Any of the 8equ®ntial aircraft SECTOR. FLIGHT

oporaLting cycles which together
constitute a flight.
FLIGRT. NO»- A flight not intended to generate

REVENUE tÒ,enu® .
FI.IGm. RBvfwuB A flight iat®nd®d ¢o g.not.ate

either po88onger or freight
revenoo (or both).
FLIGRT. SCI]EDUI,ED A flight which 18 1iBtod ln the

publl 8hed tinetet)le.
FUNCTION , HIDI)EN 1. A function vhlcb 18 nomally
active and vho8e coB8ation
Will not be evident to the
op®ratlag cr®v during per-
fomonce of Domal dutie8; or
2. A function vhlch 18 nomelly

lo®ctive cnd ttho8o pe®dino88
to perfom. prior to lt boiDg
needed. will oat bo evldoot
to the opor®tlng crew during
p®rfomance of nomal dutl®8.
FUNCTION. me fpodo of action or purpo.a of
STBUCTURAI. alrcreft 8trticturo. It iacltido8
acceptonco and tr®n8f®r of
gpoclfied loed8 ln lten8 (do-
tall8/olenont8/a88onbli®8) end .
provido8 con8i8t®ntly adequate
aircraft r®89on8e and flight
cheract®rl8tic8.
I-4
February 86
WOI]LD AIRLINES TECHNICAL OPEl]ATIONS GLOSSARY
TEl]M DEFINITION EOUIVALENT
TEFIM
HOURS. APU Tlè auxiliary power unit oper-

•tln6 time from 8C.rc-up ¢o
8hotdorm .
HOURS. BI,oak The number of hours incurred by HOURS. FLYING

an airplane from the moment it (BLOCK)
fir8C moves for a flight until TIME. BLOCK
it comes to rest et its intended
blocks a.t tlie next point of
landing. or returns to its
departure point prior to takeoff .
NOTE: Push-out from the gate i8

considered as part of block
hours ,
HOURS. FI,TING SEE TIHB. FLIGIIT

(AIRBORNE)
HOURS. FLYING See HOURS. BI,OCK.

(Brook)
HOURS, OUT 0F The ntinber of elapsed hours that

SERVICE an aLircra.ft i8 not available for
operation t.hen schedu]od to be
available.
e NOTE: The. out-of-Service hours

start when en aircraft is first
declared to be un®vailable for a
flight, and end When ®vailabl®
for Service.
flouRS, UNIT The accufDuloted flying liour8 of

FLYING all like units ip8talled ln air-
craft during a Specified re-
portln8 period.
NOTE: Unit flying hours are the
product of tote,I flying hours
(airborne) of the a.ircraft in
Which units are installed and
the ntimber of units installed in
each aircraft.
1]-1
January/88
WORLD AmLINES TECHNicAL OPERATIONS GLOSSAFtY
® TEf" DEFINITION EOulvALENT
TEl)M
ILLUSTRATED PARTS A montlel conteiliin8 OIL
CATALOG (IPC) iDfomatlon for the identlfl-
c®tion a.od requi8icion of
repl®ce®blo parts and unic8.

de8cribe8 the recomended content
of the nanu&1.
ILLUSIRATBD TOOL A manual 188ued by airfrane and

Awl) EQUIPHENI engine monuf®cturer8 that con-
rmAI. (IBM) t&io8 a.Il the special tools and
eguipnent (including to8ting
egtiipDent) recomeDded lay th®D
end Choir vendoro, rot. the
serviclng. fault isolation end
repair of the a,irfrone. engine.
conponent8. a,nd a,cceB8orle8.
Note: ATA Speclficatioa No. loo

descf.1bo8 the rocozmendod
content of the nantial.
INCIDENT, Any ®v®nt of a techl)ical nature

TECHNICAL which may be coo8idered to 81g-
nif lcantly affect the pototttlel
airvorthlne88 of am alrcr.ft.
INHBRENI LEVEL That 1:vel which i8 bollt into

0F RELIABILITY the gait end therefore inherent
AND SAFETY in lt8 deBIBD. This i8 the
hlgheat lovol of reliablllty rna
88foty that can be olpocted fron
a unit. 8y8ten. or ®1rcra,ft lf
lt receivo8 effective ne,intetience
lo echlovo hl8hor lovol8 of
roliebility gon®rally requires
Dodiflcatloti or rode818n.
INSPECTION An elamin&tloi] of ®n iton

against a 8pocific 8tcodard.
INSPECTION. An intensive visual elaninatlon

DETAILED of a Bpoclfied detail. ®s8enbly,
or in8telletion. It 8oarche8
for evidonco of irre€ul8ricy
using adequate llglitlng and,
vtiore nec®88ery. In8pection ®idB
8och ®8 nlrror8. hand lens.
I-1
Jenuery/90
®
WORLD AIRLINES TECHNICAL OPEflATIONS GLOSSARY
TEFtM DEFINITION EOulvALENT
TEFIM
INspEcmoN eta Surface eang an
DErAnED elaborate access procedures may
(cont'd) be required.
INspEcmoN. A conective term which includes

GENERAL VISUAL the Einemal Surveillance lnapec-
tion, the Internal Surveillance
lnspeedon, and the Walk-Around
check,
'me moritoring and/or withdrawal
INspEonoN,
SAhoRE of selected devices from service
to pelrit determination of their
condition at predetemined
progressive intervals.
INspEcmoN, An intensive examiliation Of a

SPECIAL DFTAIIEI) apedific location sinilar to the
detailed ixpection except for the
fouowing differences. The
examination requires some special
#F##=:ffgti:Detc-
and may require disassembly
procedures.
INTERorANGEABIj3 An interchangeable part sub- INTERCIIANCEABLE

assembly, assembly or `mit rvo-wAv
meets or exceeds required func-
tional and structural apecifi-
catious for a given application
It has the same moundng pro-
visions. Overall dineusious and
connecdous may valy, provided
that installation does not
require rework or modification.
INTERCENGEABLE, Introduces a now item and places

ONE-WAY restrictions on the use of the
old iterfu The new item may be
used in place of either the old
or the near; but the old item can
only be used in an application
where it has previously been in-
stalled. The new item is considered
I-2
WORLD AIRLINES TECHNICAL opEnATioNs GLOSSARY
TEF'M
INTERalANGEABIJ3,
ORE-WAY (Cont'd) example. the interchangca-
bility characteristics of items
A and 8 where 8 may freely be
used in applications where A is
apecified, but A must not be
used in applications where 8 is
apedied.
INTERCIIANGEABLE, See INTERCHANGEABIE.
TWO-WAY
INTERRuplTON, Am A change from original fight

qucENCAI) plan due to a known or suspected
malfunction and/or defect during
flight.
nurREUPTTON. A ground interruption occurs when

GROUND (IECHNICAIJ) an aircraft leaves the block and
returns for a technical reason before
becoming airborne, or when, after
landing, a technical problem is
experienced prior to reaching the
block
HvrERVAI. The range between the upper and

CONFIDENCE lower values of the confidence
liults.
rlEM Any level Of hardvere assembly

(i.e. rystem, subrysteD
module, accessory, componerty
unit, part, eta.)
rrEM ALIENATE See /ELTENATE
rrEM, Buljc MATERIAL See MATERIAL. BUIK
ITEM, cONsuhnelJ3 An item that is used only once.
ImeM, ExpENDABm Items for evhich no authorized

repair procedure exists, and for
which cost Of repair would
normally exceed that of
replacement.
I-3
\T^"^ -A A, ,A.
®
ATA/ IATA/ lccAIA
WORLD AIRLINES TECHNICAL OPEF]ATIONS GLOSSAF`Y

ref)M DEFINITION EOulvALENT
TERM
ITEM, INSURANCE Arinrim*::#£th£#:

purely as a precaution in order
to preclude undue scheduhig
problems and/or econoric
hardship which might otherwise
occur should the part be out of
stock when a requirement occurs.
rlEM, UFE An item which must be removed ng IJMITED

itltELRE from service and discarded before
a specified time is achieved.
ITEM, Inn See IJNE REPIACEABIE UNrr

MAnwTENAVcE (IRU)
rlEM, Ire See LINE REPIACEABLE UNIT
REPIACEABLE (mu)
On
rlEM, MAINTENANCE Items identified ty the manu-
slGNmcANI (Msl) facturer whose failure:
®
• a)
orcould affect
flight). Safety (ground
and/or
b) is undet¢ctablc durfug
operations, and/or
c) could have significant

operational economic impact,
and/or
d) could have significsnt non-

operational economic impact.
rlEM MANI)AmoRv An item thaL if disturbed or

REPIACERENT removed during the course of
malnteriance or overhaul, must be
replaced to comply with apecifi-
catious and procedures.
14
0
ATA/ lATA/ ICCAIA
WOF]LD AIRLINES TECHNICAL OPERATIONS GLOSSAF]Y

TEf" DEFINITION EOulvALENT
TERM
ITEh4 REPAIRABIJE An item comprising or including
replaceable parts, commonly
economical to repair, and
subject to being ]ehaburtated
to a fully serviceable condition
over a period lee than the Ire
of the flight equipment to which
it is related.
ITEM, ROTABLE An item that can be economically

restored to a serviceable
condition and, in the normal
course of operations, can be
repeatedly rebabilitated to a
fully serviceable Condition over
a period approxinating the life
Of the fligivt equipment to which
it is related.
ITEM, smucruFLAL A stnictural detail, structural
a slGrmcANT (SSD elemen. or structural assembly

which is judged significant
because of the reduction in
aircraft. residual strength or
loss of structural function
which are consequences of its
fail ure.
I-5
November/92
®
ATA/ IATA/ lccAIA
WORLD AIRLINES TECHNICAL OPEF]ATIONS GLOSSARY

TEl]M DEFINITION EQUIVALENT
TEF'M
LANDING, TOUCH A landing in which en alrcrafc

AND GO touches the runway a,nd does not
cone to a ftLll Stop prior to
comencin8 ®n ®ddition®l flight.
LEVEL. CONFIDENCE the probability that a given

statement i8 correct.
LIFE A period of time which i8 re-

laced to the usal)ility of an
item.
LIFE, ACHIEVED The life achieved by an item when

0VEREAUL an overhaul becomes necessary.
LIFE, I)ECLARED See LIFE. IIAXIHUH PERTITTEl)
LIFE. LIHITED See ITEH, I,IFE LIHITED
LIFE, XAxl.HUH The tine Specified by an appro- LIFE, DECLAREI)

PERIIITTED priate a.uthority after which a LIFE. uLTlmTE
pa.rtioular item muist be removed
from Service.
LIFE. SERVICE The life of an item at which it

® i§ no longer physically or
econonic®lly feasible to repair
or overhaul Che item to
acceptable standards.
'LIFE. SHELF
See I.IFg, STORAGE
Ì.IFE. STORAGE
The length of time an item can LIFE, SHELF
be stored under specified con-
ditions and Still meet specif led
requirements.
LIFE. ul.TlmTE See I.IFE. llAXIHUH PERHITTED
LIFE, USEFUL The length of tine a population PERI0D'

of items i8 expected to operate CONSTANT .
with a constant failure ra.te. FAILURE RATE
Ihl8 elcluae8 any lnrent
mortality end we®rout periods.
LIHIIS I The values, ìpper and lo#er

CONFIDENCE between whicli a true value can
be expected to fall. with a
pree8tablished level of confi-
dence ,
L-1
Xarch/81
ATA/ lATA/ lccAIA
WORLD AmLINEs TECHNICAL OPERATIONS GLOSSAFtY

n TERM DEFINITION EQulvALENT
TERM
I.INE REPLACEABLE A unit which can be readily

UNIT (LRU) changed on an aircraft during
lino naintenence oper®tioB8.
LlsT. ALLOunLE see LIST. HINIHun EQUI"ENT.

DEFICIENCY
LIST. CONFIGURA- Those iten8, 8uch a8 aLcces8

TION DE:VIATION ponel8. caps. f®irlng8. etc..
(COL) nomally forming part of the
oxt.rior prof ilo of the
aircraft. the obsonce of which
do not prevent dispatch.
LIST, DISPATCI] See LIST. HI«IHUX EQUIPHENI.

INOPERATIVE
EQUIPHENI
LIST, GO-NO-G0 See LIST, HIN"" EQUIPHENT
I,ISI, HINIKon An approved list of lcem8 Which LlsT. ALLOunBLE

EQUIPXENI (XEL) may be iooper.Cive for flight DEFICIENCT: I.IST.
tinder 8peclfled condiclon8. DISPATCII INOPERATIVE
EQUIPHENI LIST.
GO-NO-G0
LOG BNIRIES All entries made by fll8ht roe REpoRT

crew and m®inteneDce per8omel
into the alrcr&ft log.
'LOG RBPORT
See LOG ENTBIBS.
=3uBt„
®
A:I ^1 |A:I ^1 |CCAI^
WORLD AIRLINES TECHNICAL OPERATIOF_S GLOSSAF`Y

DEFINITION EQUIVALENT
TERM
® TEF'M
mlNIAlwABII,ITy The char&ctori8Clc of mterial

design end in8t®1leclon th®t
determines the r®qtiirenent8 for
n®intenance elpendi turos ,
including time. zDenpover,
personnel still, test equipment,
technical data and f&cilitie8 to
®cconpll8h operation objectives
in the operational environment
of the user. Qu&ntic8tively,
naintain®bility ie e&pE'e6aed a8
the period of tilde vithln which
the maintenance action can be
performed With a 8pecif led
probability using defined
resources and prescribed
procedures .
XAINIENANCB Those actions required for

restoring or maintelnin€ an item
in serviceable condition, in-
cluding servicing, repair.
modification. overhaul. in-
8peccion and determLna.tlon of
conditloD.
mlNT6NANCE . A primary neintenonce process CONDITION

CO»l)ITION under Which dac® on tbe whole XO»ITOENC
XONIT0BEI) population of Specified items in
Service 18 analyzed to indicate
whether 8one a.Ilocetlon of t®ch-
nicel t'e8oufces i8 required. Not
a preventive nalntenance proce88 ,
condition qonltored aelntenence
allov8 fellure8 to occor. and
relies upon anely818 of
oper8tlDg experience inrormotlon
to indicate the need for
appropriate action.
NOTE: Failure nodes of

condition nonlto`red ltem8 do not
have a dit.®ct advo.8o off.ct on
operating Safety.
mlNTBNANCE , See XAINIENA»,¢B , UNSCHEl)BLED.

CORRECIIVE
H-1
a
February/8b
A:I ^1 |A:I ^1 ,CCAI^

® TEFtM DEFINITION EQulvALENT
TEF'M
mlRTENAVCE , Xalntenance llot h®vlng any

DEFERRED bearing on flight safety. whicli
i8 deferred to a convenlont tine
and/or loco,tion for ecconpli8h-
ment .
mlNTgltAVCE , A primary maintozi®fice proco88

Hum IIHE under vhi.ch &n item qiu8t be
ronovod from 8ervlco &t or
before . prevlou-1y .p®cified
tine,
XAIRTENAICE. LINE Routine check. in8pectlon end XAINIENANCE,
malfunction rectification por- LINE STATION
formod eftroute and at b&8e
8tation8 during tranBlt, turn-
around or night stop.
mINIENANCB . See mlNIE«AlfcE, I.I«E.

LINE STATION
mlNIENAVcE . see mlNIE»AlrcE. UNSCHEDULED.

NON-QOuT"B
mlNIEENCE, A primary maintenance proce88 0» CONDITION

ON-CONDITION having repetitive inspections
or te8t8 to determine the con-
dition of unlt8, 8y8teng, or
portions of structure With
regard to conci8u®d flervice-
ability (corroctlve action i8
taken vben r®qulr®d by iten
condi tl on . )
HAINIENAVCE , See mlNIENANCE. SCIIEDULED.

p^REVErmlvB
urRTE»ANCE , See llAINIENAVCE, Scl]BDULED.

ROUTINE
XAINIENANCB , That naint®nance perforned at mlNIENANCE .

SCHEDULED clef inod llitertral8 to I.etAif] all pBEvrmlvE:
lten in a servlcoabl® condition XAINTENANCE.
by 8y8temtic ifi8poctlo8, do- R0urlNE
teccloo. replaceneint of voorout
items , edju8tment, callbretion,
cleaning, etc.
M-2
Feb-/86
ATA/ IATA/ ICCAIA
WORLD AIRLINES TECHNICAL OPEPATl®NS GLOSSAF`Y

TEf" DEFINITION EOulvALENT
TEF'M
XAINTENANCB , A time above Which preventa.tive
SOFT TINE maintenance recormendacion8 may
apply. It i8 used to recommend
opportunity maintenance. It i8
a time above which preventative
maincenance i8 considered to be
cost effeccivo.
mlNTENANCB . That n8intenence performed to mlNTENANCE.

UNSCHEDULED restore &n item to a Satisfac- CORECTIVE:
tory condition by providing IAINTENANCE.
correction bf a inoun or 8u8- NOW-ROUTINE
pected mlftinction and/or defect.
HALFUNCTI0N The occurrence of a condiclon

whereby the operation of ®n iten
18 outsldo of 8peclrlea 11nit8.
ENI]OURS. I)IRECT Xanhour8 of vorL Spent directly

on the eit'cr®ft or removed items.
HANHOURS , The manhours required to complete

mlNIENANCE the maintenance task.
XANHOURS PER A performance f lgure calculeced

FLylNG Hours by dividing the DIRECT llANHOURS
expended to maintain a
pertlcular aircraft fleet during
a 8.lven period. by the flyil`g
hours (alrborfie) during th®C
period.
ENUFACTURER An organizetlon that hakes

componenc8, units or piece parts
for use ln Cli® con8tz.action or
m®inc®nafico of aircraft.
ENUFACTURER. An organizaLtion that makes 8ir-

PRIllE frame8 or na,in propulsion onic8.
mTERIAL, BULK A material used ln random ITBH. BULK

qo8fitl¢y 8och &8 liquid, paste. mTERIAL .
cloth. plastic, or conparoble
conposition. Elanple8 ere: oil,
chemicel8, paints, cloanor8.
8olvent8, ebrasive8. net®18.
fabrics, eta.
H-3
January/90
A:I N IA:I ^1 lccAIA
wopLD AmLINEs TECHNlcAL opEnATioNs GLOs§Af]y

TERM DEFINITION EOUIVAIENT
TEBM
XCUR A speci.1 torn for dac®
trananltt®1 to cover a forece8t
of neon cycles betvean
un§cheduled renov&18 that is
provided by a 8uppllor for
provi6ioning purposes only.
Presenced a8 a forecast of the
aver88e interval in operating
cycles botveen un8cheduled
renovalB (justified and
unjustified). this factor i8
expre8aed in tor(ng of one unit
per ®1rcraft. end it therefore
represencs the oper®Cin6 cyedes
for the part nìmber being
provi8ioned.
HEAN TIME BETWEEN A performance figure calculated

FAILURE (rmBF) by dividing the total unit flying
hotir8 (airborne) accrued in a
period by the number of unit
f®ilure8 that occurred during
the 8aee period.
NOTE: tthere total t)nit operating

hours are avallabl®. this nay I)e
ti8ed ln lieu or Cocal unit
flyiag hours.
IIEAN IIHE TO The arithmetic.neon of the tine

i mlNIENANCE incerva,18 between nainten®nce
actions,
MEAN TIME BE"EEN A performance f igure calculated

REHovALs (rmR) by dividing the total unit flying
hours accrued in a period by the
number of unit removals
{8cheduled plus un8cheduled)
that occurred during the sane
period.
MEAN TIzfi BETWEEN A peffomance figure calculated

UNSCI]EDULED by dividing the total unit flyln8
REMOVALS (FTBUR) hours (airborne} accrued in a
period by the number of
unscheduled unit renoval8 that
occurred during the same period.
H-4
January/90
ATA/ lATA/ lccAIA
WORLD AmLiNES TECHNlcAL OPERATIONS GIOSSAF]Y

TERM DEFINITION EOulvALENT
TERM
MEAN TINE TO A performance figure calculated
FAILURE (HTTF) by dividing the 8u"tion of
tines to failure for a Sample of
feilod lten8 by the number of
fa,iled items in the 8anple. the
same item failing ``n" Ciir.es
con8tituteB ''n'' failed items ln
the 8anple.
NOTE: Ihi8 18 different from

XBAN TrHE BETt`/BEN FAILURE since
no ellov8nce i8 given to icem8
that have not failed.
HEN TIME TO A perfomence f i8ur® caLlculated

REPAIR (I{TTR) by dividing the s`ln of the active
repair elap8od times accrued in
a period on a number of
design8t®d items by the number
of these items repaired ln the
sane period.
MEAN TIME T0 A performance figure caLlculated

UNSCIJBDULED REMOVAL by dividing Cho €ìmacion of
(HTTUR) times to un8cheduled removal for
a sample of rel[Loved items by the
mLnber of removed iteD8 in the
sample .
Note: This i8 different from

Heam time Between UD8cheduled
Removal(I]TBUR) Since no
allowance. i8 given to items that
have not been` removed.
XIUR A special ten for deta

tran8mltcel to cover . forecagc
of meantime becveen unscheduled
r®movalB that 18 provided by a
Supplier for provl8ioning
purpo8e8 only. Pre8onted &8 a
forec&8C of the ever.ge interval
1n unit flying boors I)etween
un8cheduled refBov®18 (ju8tifiod
end unjugtified). this factor i8
elproB8ed in Cem8 of one unic
per aircraft.', al`d it therefore
repre8entg the part hours for
the part number being
provisioned.
H-5
January/90
ol
ATA/ IATA/ lccAIA
wopLD AmLINEs TEeHNicAL OPERATIONS GLOSSABY

TEftM DEFINITION EOulvALENT
TERM
HECIIANISH. FAILURE The pby8ical, clienlcal or ocher

proce88 which re8ult8 in a
failure.
XODIFICATION. A modification cl&s8ified aa

HrmAIORr conpul8ory by the local civil
evi®tion outhorlcio8.
HODIFICATI0N, A nodificatlon which may bo in-

Oprl0NA'. corporated 8t the discretion of
the operator.
HODIFY Io change or alter through

rovorL and/or through the
in8tollation or removal of en
i ten ,
MODULE A comblnatlon of assemblies.
8tLba8sonbllo8 and p®rt8.
contained ln one package, or 8o
arranged e8 Co be installed in
one malfitononco action.
HONITORING , Any mof]itorlng of 8y8ten opera-

NORIIAt. OPERATING tion 8cconpll8hed by the
CREW operating crow nemt)era during
their nomal duties. IIii8
includes inonitoriag of
instrunencation of 8y8tens
nomelly o8ed daily and of
8y8Cene required to be checked
by ¢he crew on a daily basis.
H-6
January/90
A:I N IA:I A/ lccAI^
WORLD AIRLINES TECHNICAL 0PERA"ON S GLOSSAF]Y

® TERM DEFINITION EQulvALENT
NOW-I)BSIROCTl`VE A manual Containing descriptive

IESTING ENUAI, information end Specific
(NI)I) inscruction8 end date perta.ining
to the nan-destructive testing of
the primary and Secondary
aircraft Structure. engines and
conponencs that may be te8¢ed on
the airfrane.

describes the recofmended content
of the manual.
W-1
February/86
ATA/ lATA/ lccAIA
WORLD AIRLINES TECHNICAL OPERATl ONS GLOSSAF`Y

A TERM DEFINITION EQ¥l#kENT
ON-CONDITION See mlNTENANCE, ON-C:oNDITloN.
OPTIONAL Indicates a choice of inter-

changeable iten8.
OroER, An order which specif ies delivery

EXPEDITE in le88 than the 8upplier`8
quoted time or delayed delivery
date, and i8 Benereted by a
hoowh requirement by a Specified
date .
ORDER, JOB A document whicli authorizes Work ORDER. WORK

to be done and contains the nec-
essary instructions and infor-
mation regiirding cost allocation.
ORI)ER, WORK See ORDER, JOB.
0VERIIAUL See RECONDITION.
OVERHAUL. PARTIAI. The reconditioning of a

8ubes 8embly .
OvEunuL, See oVEunuL. TIME CONTROLLED.

RECORD CONTROL
OvEunuL, TIME The reconditloniftg in accordance vi th OVERl]AUL,

CONIB01,LED a plan under whLch the Cime REcoro CONIROL
hi8torie8 of individual iten8
are nonitored. The nonltorin8
3y8ten 18 used to 8chodule the
removal of iten8 before they
elcoed a Specified tine limit.
0-1
a February/86
ATA/ IATA/ ICCAIA
WORLD AIRLINES TECHNICAL OPERATIONS GLOSSAF}Y
® TEE)M DEFI NITIO N E QU IVALENT

TERM
PAR, One I.iece. or two or nope Dleces

joined together vhlch are not
norn®11y Subject to di8es8enbly
Without de8tE'uction of designed
use.
NOTE: For rel®tioa8hlp of

&g8ociated tens see diagram on
page S.5.
PARI. A.rlACHING A part used:
I. For Supply purpoBe9, to

attach a rot&ble or line
repl®ce®ble. rep®iratile or
recovorablo unit to the
aLircreft or engine: and
2. For technical or fD®lntenonce

purpo8e8, to attach another
pert or subas8enbly to a next
higher ®88embly.
A nanuf octurea pert ttiat

n
PART. SEIII-
FINISHED requires additional Work before
it can be u8od in a 8pocific
®ppllcation.
PERCENT LIFE See PERCENT OF AI,rovABLE TIME

USED REALIZED BY AV ITEM.
PERCENT OF The ratio of the ®ctuel tiDo PERCBNI I.Ipa

ILLOVABLB TINE eccunul®ted by the iten 8inco USED
mLlzED By AN it wag last "zero-timed" to the
ITBH 8poclfied tine lifDlt - ezpre88ed
e8 a perc6ntage.
PEREOENCE, A tBeasure elpre8a®d a8 a per-

ORDER ENIRI centage end i8 derived from
the ratio of orders placed et
under 8uppller-quoted leedcine
to tote.1 orders placed durlftg a
given period.
P-1
February/86
ATA/ lATA/ lccAIA
WORLD AmLiNEs TECHNicAL OpERATioNs GLossApy

® TEFtM DEFINITION EOUIVALENT.
TEFIM
PERFORENCE , A mo8sure of Shipping performance

SUPPLIER expressed as a percentaLge which
Sf]IPPINC 18 in turn derived from the ratio
of the nìnt>er of orders 8hlpped
to 8upplie[ quoted lead tine or
tbo airline request date.
whichever i8 gr®®ter, to total
ordor8 Shipped ln a given
porlod. For purpo8e8 of
conpucation, the order i8
considered e8 Shipped if packed
8Iid on dock available for
shipment but bold pending
special airline in8tructioiis;
and a partial 8hlpnont 18
considered a8 a completed
shipment vhon node in the month
due, but delinguefit lf node the
f ollowinB month even though
shipment .8.inst tl)-I order is
completed that dLonth.
PERIOD. cONSTan See I.IFB. USEFUL.

FAlt,URE RATE
PE810I)' I«FANI That early period, beginning &t

HORTALITY zero unit time and during Which
the f&ilur® rate of a family of
iten8 call bo expected to
decre88e.
`` PEBIOD. ovERAAun
See TIHE BETWEEN OVERHAULS
(mo) .
PERIOD, VEAR OUT Thee period during tthlch the

FAILURE RATE failure rate of a family of the
itezng can be ®xpoct®d to lncrea8e
duo ¢o detefioretlon proce88e8.
PIREP . See COXPLAINIS, PILOT.
pLA» , mlNIENANCE A document or Bet of docunent8 PLAN .

which Specify cbo n&iatenenco TECHNICAI,
required to a88ore the contino-
etion of desired perfom®nce of
an iced oz' She Bafoty of an
®ircr®ft.
P-2
a Fchruary/86
A:I ^1 |A:I ^1 |CCA!J^
WOF]LD AIRLINES TECHNICAL OPERATIONS GLOSSARY

TEFtM DEFINITION EOulvALENT
TEHM
PLAN. TECHNICAL See PLAN. mlNTENANCE.
POINT. SERVICIN6 An access Specifically provided .

to pemit 8ervicin8
(lubric®tioo. filling. draiaing.
cl`®rgin8 or cleouin8) of
equipment in the nomal
ingtall®d position.
polNT, TEs.I A means of 8efe access to permit

a measurement that Will
facilitate neintenance, repair,
cellbration, allgnnent, or
mofiitoring. Test points IDay be
a,cce59ible in the normally
install.d position or fD.y
require dis®ssenbly of equipment
for ®cce8sibility. The fomer
are called elpo8ed test points;
the latter interaal test I)oints.
POOL, PARTS An arrangement whereby partici-
pants are entitled to tfithdr®w
items from the agreed Stock held
® by any participant.
POWER PLANT BUILD- A manual containing all

UP ENUAL(PBX) infomatlon I)ece8s®ry to
a83enble the power plant to the
desired confi8uratioa from the
"Basic Englae."
Note: AIA Specification No. loo

describes the recozDmended
content of the n8nuel.
PROCEDURE , See ALTERNATE.

ALTERNATE
pROcEss. pRlmRy The process relied upon to

IAINIENANCE (Pup) en8u[e that inherent de8isn
relleblllty la mBlntalned.
PROGRAH. ACTUARIAL A steti3t.Ical technique which

uses historical deta to depict
:?:hL!::p:::e€:a:::. of &n iten
P-3
® February/86
ATA/ lATA/ ICCAIA
WOF]LD AIRLINES TECHNICAL OPEF}ATIONS GLOSSAFIY

TERM DEFINITloN EauivALENT
® TEFIM
PROGRAH. BLOCK A program which divides mjor

RAINIENANCE Structural 1u8peccionB and/or
maintenance tasks into groups.
or blocks. which permit
convenient. economical and
effective accomplishment.
PBOGRAH , A type of complete m®intenence

CONTINUOUS program which i8 expected to
mlNIENANCE as8uro contlnuou8 availability
of the airplane. Under this
8ystefa the total maintenance
effort i8 apportioned to each of
the various end more frequent
t*po8 of meintenanco.
NOTE: A complete overhaul at

one point in time i8 I)ot a part
of a continuous naincenonce plan.
PROGRAH. EQUALIZED A maintenance prograin whereby

mlNIENANCE Work packages are scheduled for
acconpllshaent in Such a nonner
that the required maintenance
menpover Will remain relatively
® constant. Portions of the
heavier maintenance ta8k8 are
integraced into the lighter, or
leEsez'. nalnt®nance poriod8 8o
that the vorkload fluctuatlon8
will be minimized.
PB0GEN. FATIGUE In8pection8 on 8peclf ic aircraft

BELATED SAHpl,ING seloctod from tho8® which have
the hi81le8t operating ®8e/usage
in order to identify the first
ovid®nco of d.I.rloratloa ia
their fondition caused by
fatigue danago.
PROCEN, The pl®nnlng, developmenc and

mlNTAINABILITr implementation of those organized
Sot of ta8ke directly related to
the Specification, as8essmenc/
prediction and verificaclon of
an item.8 design charac*eri8tic8
which nake ±t po8elble to noet
operational objectives with a
mininurri expenditure of
maintenance end Support effort.
P-4
January/90
®
ATA/ lATA/ lccAIA
® TERM DEFINITloN EOUIVALENT

TEE)M
PB0CRAX, A pro8ran which doflnea a lo6icol PROGEN. WORK

mlNIEIVANCE 8eguence of naili€eoonce &ction8
to be perfomed as events or
pieces of a whole which, when
performed collectively, result
in &chievenent of tl)e desired
fi`®incenonce 8Conderas.
IiROGRAH. roRK See PR06RAll. IIAINIENANCB.
PROVISI0NING. The process Dy which &n airline

INITIAL clef lne8 the range and depth of
spare parts that ere considered
a.a noce88&ry for the Support of
a foroc®8C maintenance
cofmitment covering the
operation of now aircraft and/or
aircraft items.
P-5
Fedrdng|86
®1
ATA/ lATA/ lccAIA
WORLD AIRLINES TECHNICAL OPERATIONS GLOSSAFIY

TEflM DEFINITION EOulvALENT
TERM
QUICK ENGINE A n®Iinum neutral engine plus

CHANGE UNIT tliose pert8 making lt pecu|lor
(QEC) to a particular Position on 8n
aircraft.
QUOTATION A supplier'8 offer in response to

a customer'8 request for a
specific proposal to Sell a
Specific lten, quantity of items,
or service, or document including
price. delivery. applicable terms
and conditions, and validity
period for the quotatioi].
Q-'
rfuqustlll
®
WORLD AmLiNES TECHNicAL OPERATloNS GLOSSARY
® TERM DEFINITION EOulvALENT
TEFtM
RATE. FAILURE The performance figure c®lculaced

by dividing the number of
failures by the total unit
flying hours (airborne) or
cycles accumulated during the
same period. IC i8 usuaLlly
expressed as failures per 1000
unit hours or cycles.
NOTE: Failure rate i8 the

reciprocal of mean time between
failure,
RATE. flAZARD See RATE. INSTANTANEOUS FAILURE.
RATE ' The conditional prot)ability of RATE. HAZARD

INSIANIANgous felloro ln a small Came ln.erval
FAII.ORE givefl the item has survived to
the beginning of tb&C incervel.
RATE, REMOVAL The number of removals of an item

expressed in tens of a b®3e
period: usually p®r 1000
aircraft hours, 1000 item hours,
1000 onglne hours, and Sometimes
per loo or 1000 departuro8.
RATE. SCRAP The nìmber of icem8 beyond tlè

limits of economical repair.
expressed as a quantity per unit
of time,
`RECONDITION The Work nece8sa,ry to return an
iten to the highest Standard
specified ifi the relevant m®noal.
RECOVERABLE Items which may be repaired

to a 8orvlce&ble condition one
or noro times before 8crepping.
Repair is by revork or
servicin8, 8och a8 veldin8.
refinishing. recharging. eec.
REDUNDANCY The eli8tence of more. ttian one

means for acconpli8hing a given
function. Each neen8 of
accompll8hing` the function need
not necessarily be identical.
R-I
January/88
®
ATA/ lATA/ lccAIA
WORLD AIRLINES TECHNICAL OPERATIONS GLOSSAFtY

DEFINITION EOulvALENT
TEF'M
REDUNI]ANcr. AcrlvE That redundancy wherein all

redundant items ere operating
simultaneously ra.thor than being
activated when needed.
REDunl]ANcy. sTANDBy That redundancy Wherein the

olterfiocivo nean8 of performing
the func¢1on i8 iooperativo
until needed and 18 activated
upon failure of the primary
nean8 of performln8 the function.
REFURBISH To re8Core an ongine or engine

(ENGINE, H0I)UI.E) module to on8uro that cost .
effective oporatlon i8 achieved.
REI]ABII.ITATE See REPAIR
RELIA0ILITT The probe,bllicy that an item

Will porforn a required
function, under 8pecifi®d
conditions. vlthouc f811ore. for
a 8pocified period of tine.
REl,IABILITY. The reliability of an icon d®tor-

ASSESSBI) minod vithln Stated conf idenc®
limits from te8t8 or failure
deca nonihally identical items.
RELIABII,ITY, I`ho percentage of rovonue

• DISPATCI] doperture8 which do not incur a
delay (tochnlc&1) or
cancellacion (Cechnical).
RELIABIt4TY. the probebllicy of 8ucce88fully

A EN-ROUTE conplecin6 a flight plan vithout
lncurrlng . fallur® that Would
cause deviation from flight. plan.
RELIABILITY. The reliability potential 1n a

IrmERENT givoD do8ign. configuration whom
used ln accordance vich the .
design Specification.
REI,IABILITY, The reliability of an item o8Ci-

PREDICTED maced from ic8 design con8idera-
tion8 and fròn tile reliability
of its parc8 in the incended
condltion8 of u8®.
R-2
® Jenu&ry/90
TERM DEFINITION EQulvALENT
TEF'M
REmRK. plLOT Those entries in the aircraft

log node tiy the flight crew for
information purposes only.
REIIOVAL, ACCESS The removal of an item for the

sole purpose of allowing ease of
approach Co another
conponent(3), and where due to
the manner of in8Cellation it i8
impo8siblo or impractical to do
so othervi8e.
REHOVAL. BENCH See REHOVAL, SII0P CHECK.

CHECK
BENOVAL . The removal of en lten to satisfy REHOVAI,. PARTS

CANNIBALIZATION the needs of another eircrefc or SII0RTAGE: ROBBERY
i tens .
REHOVAL , CONI)ITION The removal of &n item for Che

ANALYSIS Sole purpo8o of deterfnioing its
serviceability State et a
Specified tine.
REXOVAl„ CONFIRMED A removal where a failure or de-

® fect 18 found Which
8ubstentletes the reason for
removal .
REMOVAL , ENGINE The removal of 8n engine for:

BASIC 1. any c.use. t)®8lc;
2. required m®inten&nce action
on the b8aic engido Specified
by the n&nufacturer.
REMOVAL, ENGINE See REXOVAt„ ENGINE UNPLANNED.

A pLAN»ED
rixovAt.. ENGINE An engine removal occurring AT

PREDEFINED or AFTER &chievem®ftt of a
predofined engine rumin8 Cimo.
R-3
January/90
wopLD AmLINES TECHNicAL OPERATIONS GLOSSAFIY
0 TEflM OEFINITION EQulvALENT
TERM
REHOVAL, ENGINE An engine removal occurring

PRERATURE PRIOR to achievemeflt of a
predefined engine running time
that va8 set at the moment of
engine install&tioD.
BEHOVAL. ENGINE An engine removal is classified

SHOP VISIT 88 a ..sbop visit" whenever the
6ub8equent engine maintenance
performed prior to rein8tallation
ont®ilg one of the following:
a. separation of pairs of
major mating engine flanges.
Note: A separation of flanges

solely for purpose of Shipment.
tJithout Subsequent internal
maintenance, i8 not a "6bop
vigic" ,
b. removal of a disk. hub. or

Spool .
REIIOVAL. ENGINE The removal of &n engine that i8
® UNPLANNED considere.d iftcapable of

continued oper®tioa.
Note: All other engine removals

are "planed."
•REHOVAL. FOREIGN
The renov®l of am item.due to
dana8e to any portion of the
?3::?I DARAGE airplane cau8od by inpacc or
inge8tlon of birds, stones. hail
or debr.is.
RBHOVAL. HOT The removal of an item for the

SECTION INSPECTION purpose of lnapection and res-
toration of hot Section item(a)
at a predetemined time/cycle
I ini t .
REHOVAL , .usrlFIED A refroval wliere a defecl or
failure is found. whether of not
the defect or failure
8obstantietes,`Che reason for
reno val .
RgrovAL. i.IFE See REMOVAL, RESTRICTEI) PARTS.

LlnlTED
!::u®ry/88
®
ATA/ IATA/ ICCAIA
Wof]LD AIRLINES TECHNICAL OPERATloNS GLOSSAF]Y

® TEl" DEFIN-lTION EOUIVALENT
TEF]M
REMOVAL, MAINTE- A removal brought about for any

NANCE CONVENIENCE reason other then ®8 a result of
the item's life I`®ving approached
or achieved a previously defined
limit or a8 a result of a knorm
or 8uspectod malfunction and/or
defect.
REHOVAl, , llANDATORY The reDov®1 of an item to accom-

DIRECTIVE plish an action classified as
compulsory by the epproprlate
civil aviation regulatory
authority.
REHOVAL . The removal of &n itefn for the

HOI)IFICATION Sole ptirpose of embodying a
modification.
REHOVAI.. The removal of an item required

ON-Cowl)ITION as the result of an on-condition
inspection or test.
RBHOVAL . See REHOVAL. CANNIBALIZATION.

PARTS SHORTAGE
®1 RBXOVAI.. REASON FOR The initially stated reasons for
the removal of an item.
REMOVAL. The removal of an icon in order REXOVAt'.

REsrRlcTED pARTs to replace a life limited pert LIFE LIHi.rEI)
of that item.
REHOVAL. SCHEI)ULBD A removal of &n item brought REHOVAL, TIME

about as a result of the item'8
life having approached or
tLchleved a, pr®viou®ly defined
limit.
REHOVAL. SCHEDULED The removal of afi it®n to perform

mlNIENAVcE fbaintenence et defined intervals
to retain en item in a service-
able condition by systematic
inspection. dececcion. replace-
ment of ve&rout items, odjtL8tment
calibration, cleaning. etc.
R-5
Jonoory/88
®
ATA/ lATA/ lccAIA
WonLD AmLINEs TECHNicAL OPERATIONS GLOSSAF)Y

® TEflM DEFINITION EQulvALENT
TERM
RBHOVAI., Sl]OP CHECK The relnoval of an item to BENOVAl.

specifically functiohally check BENCH CllBCK
that iten Within a vorkehop.
BEHOVAL. TINE See REHOVAL. SCHEDULEl).
REHOVAI.. TIHE Ike renovel of an item to reduce

STAGGER the probability or nece8sicy of
simoltaneou8 removals in ntilci-
iten applications.
REHOVAL. TROUBLE A romov8l in which an item is

SII00TING removed end repl&cod by anottier
icon for the solo porpo8e of
dotorninin8 wh®th®r the frol-
function persists.
BEHOVAL . The removal of an item where iio

U«CONFIRXED defect or failure i8 found which
8ub8tanclace8 the reason for removal, even tliough
another defect or failure fn®y be found.
RBXOVA|' , The renovol of an item where no

UNJUSTIFIED defect or follure i8 found.
REHOVAL. The removal of &n item brotight

U»SCIIEDULEI) abouc a8 a ro8ult of a knoim or
Suspected mELlfui)ccion end/or
defect .
REPAIR To nake ®n item 8orvice®ble by

replaclnB or proco88ing foiled
or damaged perc8.
REPAIRABLE See ITEM, REPAIRABI.B
REPIACE The action whereby an ic®m i8 SUBSTITUTE

removed end another item 18
installed in its place for any
reason.
REPORTS. PILOT See COHPLAINIS , PILOT.
R-6
January/88
A I A/ IATA/ lccAIA
wOI]LD AmLiNEs TECHNicAL OPERATIONS GL0SSAFIY

TERM I -DEFINITION EQulvALENT
TEFtM
REQUIREHENI , A comprehensive statement of

mlNTAINABII,ITy required maintenance ch®racter-
i§tic8, expreg8ed in either
qoelicocivo or quantitative
terms or tioth. Co be satis-
fied by the design of &n item.
REQUIBEHENIS . See SPECIFICATION. HAINIENANCE.

XAINIENANCB
RESOURCES , F8cilitie8. ground support

IAINTBNANCB eqtiipmenc. mnpower. spares,
coi`8unables. and funds available
to mainc.in aild 8upport en item
in its operational envirofinent.
RESTORATION That work (on/off the aircraft)

necessary tb return the itelt` to a
specific standard.
NOTE: Restoration may vary from

cleaning or replacement of Single
parts up to a complete overhaul.
ROBBERY See R"OVAL, CANNIBALIZATION.
ROTABLB See ITEH. RorABLE
RUN-IN The operation of 8n iten Co BURN-IN

gt®bilize lt8 ch®ra,ccori8tics.
R-7
January/88
®
ATA/ lATA/ lccAIA
Wol]LD All]LINES TECHNICAL OPERATIONS GLOSSARY

TEFIM DEFINITION EQUIVALENT
TERM
SAFE LIFE A term applied to items which

must be modified or removed from
service at or before the
specified life limit. determined
by the likely occurrence of
age-related failure.
SECTOR. FLIGHT See. FI,IGI]I LEG
SERVICE BULLETIN The only document i88ued by the

(SB) manufacturer to aotify the
airline of recommended
modifications. Substitution of
perc8. special in8pectiong/
checks. reduction of existing
life linit8 or establishment of
fir8C tine life linit§ and
conversion from one engine model
to another.

de8cribe8 the reco[mended content
of the document.
SERVICING ally ect of iepleni8hment tòr the

purpose of maintaining the
inherent design operating
capebilicies of ®n item.
SHOP VISIT, ENGINE See REHOVAI.. ENGINE SIIOP VISIT
Sl]UIDO" Ce88etion of engine operation for

any re®8on other than training or
normal operating procedures.
SHUTDOWN. INFLIGI]T An engine shutdown which occurs

at any time ®n aircr®fc i8
airborne or he8 been co[rmitted to
beconing airborne.
SNAG See COHPIAINT.
SOFTWARE . All softwa,re tli8t i8 resident in

OPERATIONAL an on~boaLrd 8yotem.
SOFTVARE, SUPPORT All 8oftvare tliat is used in the

developmel`t. Terification.
validBcion and modification of
the operational Software or
related h&rdvaz.e.
S-1
January/90
ATA/ IATA/ ICCAIA
WOPLD Alf]LINES TECHNICAL OPEI]ATIONS GLOSSARY
e TEFW
SPARE. AIRCRAFT
DEFINITION
SEE AIRCRAFT ON GROUND (AOG)

EOulvALENT
TEE)M
ON CROUNI) (AOC)
SPARE, CRITICAL Priority desigmtion to process a

requirement for a spare part.
Indicates ilrminent AOC or work
stoppage .
SE'ARE. EXPEDITE Priority desigmtion to proce8B a

requirenent for a Spare part.
Indicates that lead time i8 to be
le88 than quoted or publl§hed.
SPARE. PREFERRED An item which i8 recomtLended a8

the current preferred Spare i or
repleni8hnent purposes. The iten
nay be preferred for any number
of rea8on8 but i8 eomonly &n
item other than that utilized in
earlier applicaclon8.
SPARE, READY An item which has been a88embled

to the point that it can bo
attached to. ®a ®ircraf t without
further buildup or as8enbly other
than that nece88ary to fit lt to
its iinique po8itlon.
SPARES FLOAT The quantity of individual icem8

held (®dditlonal to those ln-
Bt®11ed on .ircr®ft) for tbe
purpoge of providing replacenents
for tho8® removed from aircraft
for overhaul. repair or
rectification.
SPARES ENGE The total number of different

items individually ldentif led by
pert number or description. It `
excludes any reference to quanti-
ties of individual iten8.
SPECIFICATION. I)efinition of what ta8kB have to REQUIRBIIENIS,

mlNIENA]lcE be performed, and tthen. mlNIENANCE
S-2
January/90
A:I N INr[ ^1 iocAI^
PERATIO NSG LOSSAF]Y
WORLD Al RLINES TE CHNICAL a
DEFINITION
EQulvALENT
TEF'M TERM
spEclFlcArloN. A document approved by the appro-

OPBRATloNS (AIR- priate oirvorthlne89 authority
cRAF. mlNIENAINCE ) which e8tabli8hes ®n oil carrier's
maintenance program and includes
time control programs for air-
frartLe, 8y8teng, engines, end
cofnponefits e8 required. This
document i8 initiated by aD air
carrier and i8 official only
efcer it I)®8 boon approved by the
approprla.te airvorcniness
authority. It must be approved
prior to operation of each air-
plane type ln 8clieduled 8ervice
and 8eperet®ly for each air
cerrler.
STATION, RgluEN TO See TURN BACK. AIR (TECIINICAL).
STRUCTURAt. RBPAIR A manual containing descriptive

XANUAt, (SEA) information for idencificetion
&fid repair of ®ircr®ft primry
al]d BecaAdary 8Cructure. The
manual provia®s operators of the
repair procedures developed by
ttio menuf&cturer or by operators.
Note: ATA Speclficacion No. loo

deicribe8 the recomonded content
of the manual.
`STRUCTURE. OTHER
Structure which i8 judged not to
bo a. Structural 8ignific.nt item.
•'Otl]er Structure" is clef ined both
elterfially end i.nternelly within
zop&l bound&ri®8.
STUDY. WORK See ANALYSIS, HAINIENANCE.
SUBASSEHBI.I Tva or more p&rt8 vl)ich fom a

portion of an aB8enbly or com-
ponent replaceable e8 8 whole.
but havlne a p®rc or perc8 vblch
are iadividu®11y replacoablo.
NOTE: For r®1atlon8hip of

associated terfu8 See diagram on
page S.5.
SUBSTITUTE See REPLACE.
S-3
January/90
®
ATA/ lATA/ lccAIA
.WORLD AmLINEs TECHNicAL opEnATioNs GLOssARy

TEF]M DEFINITION EOulvALENT
TEF'M
SUBSTITUTION Ihe assignment of &fi altorn®Ce

EQUIE>HENT type aircraft to replace the
(TECHNICAL) aircraft originally assigned
which had encountered a technical
problem.
NOTE: Some operators consider

as8i8nneot of &n alternate air-
craft, r®gardle88 of type. Co
Con8tltute aLn egulpmenc
substitution.
SUBSYSTEH A major functiol]®1 portion of a

8ysten which cot)trlbtite8 to
operational conpletefie88 of the
system.
NOTE: For relacion8hlp of associ-

ated t®rfrL8 goo di&gran on p®ge
S-5.
SUPERSEDE New item '8uper8ede8' old iten

whoa the la,ttor trill oveotoally
® be forced out of use. Io regard

to technic.1 data '8upor8oded'
indic®Co8 the removal of all or
any part of the publication and
the.i88uonco of 8 revi8iozi.
SUPPLIER An org®nie&tlon that 8ell8 prod- VENDOR

ucts for use by the air tr.n8port
industry. The products nay in-
clude Spare parts. 1nfom®tion
and Eloccronic I)ate Procos8ing
requirencoc8.
SURPLUS Indicates a 8pocified quancIcy of

an item whicli 18 over and above
that r®qulrod to neec forecasted
8CocL roquirenetic8 iD Support of
nozmal oporotion8.
SYSTBX A conblnatlon of inter-related

items arranged Co perform a
8peclfic function.
NOTE: For ròlation8hip of

essoci&ted terfb8 See diagram on
page S-5.
S-4
January/90
®1
ATA/ lATA/ ICCAIA
WoRLD AmLiNES TECHNICAL OPERATIONS GLOSSARY

TERM
sysTEH scHEmTlcs A manual conta.ining Schematic

ENUAL (SSH) aiagran8 for alrcrafc sy8Cems ®na
subsy8tens that elpl®in8 overall
system operation. This manual
does not replace the Wiring
Hanual .
S-5
January/90
ATAV IATA/ lccAIA
WORLD AmLINES TEC"i',"CAL opER£.Ticr.-~. -c`sApy
ccoqroHzut
i;:beflgi#==iiEi;;::::.
^l.o ^CC£Ssofir la tJLL. .I.pl..
jE 1. .ny of ti]. .bout.

Ozpm"ONs.
SVS". A coablA.Clon of later-I.I.ted ltca. .ztanqed co peffora a .p.cl£1c fcoc€1ofi.

g±£ :y::::: £unqrcloA.1 pottlo- o£ . .y.e.- vhlch eco€f.ae®€.. ¢o op .... lob.I carl.t!.n... of eh.
i:¥:=::i:.i::oijF:i:i::i¥;:i:i::;::i!:#i:;j#:d:i:::i:::i:.::::::;i.=::::a
C°". #c::#-R=:::::# i:I:dec#:3:;::no:£ap:yi:a:ub?#¥:i::cO:e=!t:i):}:Ch P.r€Ord . dlstlnc€1./e
!±EL £:cP:::::A°:£t#s::n¥d!:.::ece. jolneo together VhlEh er. not aof"11y sìb|cct co dl.a€.eab|y vithout
§-6
n ®irIN'a,ryl90
ATA/ IATA/ lccAIA
Wof]LD AIRLINES TECHNICAL OPEFIATIONS GLOSSAPY
a i .,.,. fa,
IAKE0l.F , ABANDONED See TAKEOFF, ABORTED.

L.I I.ii|ION ELuo^L-l`l
TERM
TAKEOFF, ABORTEI) A takeoff vnicn n&s to t>e TAKEOFF.

di8continued for any re®8on. ABANDONED
TECHNICAL See Inttò.duction page.
TEST See. CIIECK
TEST. ACCELERATED A teat in Which the applied

Stress level 18 chosen to elceed
that 8teted in the reference
conditions 1n order to shorten
the tine required to observe the
8tre88 response of the lten, or
magnify the re8pon8o in a given
tine. To be valid, an
accoler®tod test znu8t not alter
the t>a81c nodes ona/or necnanl8m8
of feilufe or their relative
prevalence .
TEST. FUNCTIONAL See CHECK, FUNCTIONAL
TEST. NON- A test Which ln no mann.I .ff®ct8
a DESTRUCTIVE
TEST OPERATIONAL
the function or 8ervicoability of
the item under6oin8 teat.
See CHECK, OPERATIONAL
THRESHOLI) The 8peclfic vglu® of a u8®ge

p®raaeter (flight cycles. flight
® hours. eec.) ®t vhlch the first
ln8pection. of 8oDe particular
level of method 8hotild bo
conducted.
TINE Any approprleto unit of life

no88oreDent Ouch a8 hours,
cycles,1andin68, etc.
TIHE. ACTIVE The tlDe during which preventive

mlNIENAAlcE and corrective fbalflcenance vork
i8 actually being done on the
icon.
TIHE. AVERAGE
TRIP :i;i::ci:.::t!::a.t::v:#3::i::
and ehe nìnber of departures for
tlè Sane given period.
I-I
February/86
®
Wol]LD AIRLINES TECHNICAL OPERATloNS GLOSSAf]Y
TEflM DEFINITION EO|''\,,I FNT I_-
i i- ;- , a
rlHE. BLocK See HOURS. BLOCK.
rlHE. FLIGHT Either: (a) Airborne time. i.e.

wheels-off to wheels-on: or (b)
block time, i.e. chocks-away to
cho cks -under .
Note: FAA Regulations (FAR 1.1)

clef ine flight time as block time
whereas European regulations
(J.A.R. 1.I) define flight time
o8 oirborn® time. tthon the torn
"Flight time" i8 used, or v®lue8
of flight time are quoted. the
definition which &pplie8 8holl be
stated.
TIHE. IN-l]OUSE The maximurn number of calendar

LEAD days from reqtiest to completion
for an activity that i8 to be
acconplislied within an operator'§
oun facility.
TIHE, INITIAL The nazinum number of calendar

PROVISIONING LEAD days quoted by the supplier to
cover the period of time from
receipt of a customer's initial
provi8ioning order to shipment.
r"E. JOB STANDARI, The tine allowed for a given TIHE, TARGET
task.
i"B. HEAN The st&ti8tical mean of the

mlNIENANCE di5tribtition of Scheduled or
un8clioduled (or both) maintenance
times. The. 8uirmation of the
duration of scheduled or un-
sclieduled (or I)oth) m8lntenance
tine during a glvon period
divided tiy the total number of
Scheduled or unscheduled mainte-
nance ®ction8 (or both) during
the same time period ls an esti-
mate of Moan Schodul®d Heinto-
nance limo (HB). Hean Un8ched-
:::: ::i:::::::: :i:: !E?;: (Or
I-2
January/88
ATA/ IATA/ lccAIA
wOpLD AipLmiF ?Tr-~t`p.lr^. rnr'~
-I L ,i . I , ,
® DL'-I'vl i loN
EQUIVALENT
TEF'M
TIHE, HE:AN TASK A representative task tithe. equal

to the 8umua*ion of t&st Cime8
required to perfom a specific
Cask a number of different times
divided by the number of times
perf ormed .
TIME, OPERATING The time period during which the

equipment is perfoming its
intended function.
TlxB. REoroER The maximum number of calendar

I.BAD days required by the supplier to
cover the period of time from
receipt of a cu8tomer'3 Stock
replenl8hment oz.der to 8tiipnent
of a nomal repleni3hmenc
quantity.
TIHg. TARGET See TIME, JOB STANDARD.
THE. TASK ELAPSED The calendar tine from the con-

mencefnent to the conpletlon of a
aef iced task.
IIHE. TOTAL The operating time an item ha,a

®ccunulated since new.
TIHE. TUENAROUND Th&t time needed to repair,

Service or chocEout an ®lrcr.ft
for recomitfDent to operational
8orvice or the total number of
calendar days roqtilred to
complete a specified task(8) from
rocoipt of an iten try the
naintenonc® facility to
ev&11&bility for i88ue, sl)iplnent
or reuse &s appropriate.
TIHE BErwgBN The nalimum time th&t ®n item 18 PBRIOI) '

OVERHAULS (TBO) pemltted to operate between OVEREAUL
Overt)®ul8 .
TIME SINCE Time accumlated 8inco a given

INSTALLATION item va8 lest installed.
(TSI)
TIHE SINCE OVER- The time eccunulated 81nce a

HA|'L (TSO) given item Was lest overhauled.
I-3
January/88
ATA/ lATA/ ICCAIA
\"JJ-r,r r'r`','FSTF.-'' ''-a ,--,, T'r -. ~er- .-
TEFIM DEFINITION EO u ` \' ALEN T

TERM
ION HILES. The pf.oduct of the ®g€o€sod

CAPACITY c®pecity of an aircraft (®r-
pres8ed in short tons of 2000
pounds) and the number of miles
flot`rn on revenue flights (ex-
pre88od in Great Circle statute
nile8) over a given period. Tlie
equivalent metric tern is CAPACITY
TONNE KILOHETRES.
TON XII.ES . A I:igure calculated by aadlng

PRODUCTION CAPACITY TON HILES to the equiva-
lent Con miles produced by non-
revenue flying.
TRADE-OFF The procedure of trading a degree of one occribute to

gain a degree of another attribute. e.g. , a degree of
roliebility night be sacrificed to obtain a gre®Cer
degree of porform&nce under cez.tai.n conditions. or a
degree of perform&nc.e nd8ht be secrif iced to obtain a
greater capability for nainten8nce. or vice verse.
TRIP See. FLIGHT
TROUBLE Afly actual or Suspected mal-

function, failure or defect.
TROUBLESHOOTING Loc'acing. .and diagnosing nel-

function8 or broakdorm€ in
®quipnent by fneene of 8ygtenecic
checking or analy8i8.
fuEN BACK. Am The return of an aircraft to STATION .

(TECHNICAL) the airport of origin .8 a RETURN TO
re8t)1C of the Delfunction or
8u8pected mlfunction of any item
on the aircr&fc.
NOTE: The term Air Turn Back

refers to a 8pocific type of Air
Interruf)tion.
TUAV BACK. A ground turn t]ack occurs when

GROUND (TEcl]NICAL) on aircraft leaves the block. and
recurli8 for a technical reason
before 8tercing its C®keoff roll.
t
NOTE: If the takeoff roll h®8
started but the &1rcroft returns
before takeoff . the result i8 ®n
ABORTED TAKEOFF.
I-4
January/88
ATA/ IATA/ ICCAIA
.,`~ -. r- i '-I 'tQ .----- -uO
® TL'tM L-. „,lTloN EQuw^LENT

T E f] M
NOTE: The term GROUND ruEN BACK

refers to a specific type, of
GROUND INTERRUPTION.
The unique designacion given to

aircraft on the Type Certificate,
or, for equipment. the equivalent
approval certif icace, granted by
an airworthiness authority. It
ls the highest level of identity.
Note: ''Iype" could be subdivided
into: Hodel, Series. Hark,
Version, or other Subdivision a§
may be appropria.te.
I-5
January/88
ATA/ IATA/ lccAIA
WOF]LD AIRLINES TECHNICAL OPERATIONS GLOSSARY

TERM
UNIT See COHPONERT.
UNIT, LINE See LINE REPIACEABLE UNIT.

REPIACBABLE
USAGE, I)ISPATCH See USAGE. HINIHUH EQUIPMENT

INOPERATIVE EQUIP- I,IST.
HERT LIST
USAGE. HINIlluH The nìnber of occ®8ion6 on USAGE. I)ISPATCH

EQUIPHENI LIST which the Xinimuf(I Equipment INOPERATIVE
List i8 used. EQUIPHENT LIST
NOTE: The HEL is used whea an

aircraft i8 dispatched With Some
iten either inoperative or less
than loon operative. a.nd such
dispatch is pemitted by the
operator' 8 HBL.
The XEL i8 used more than once

per departure. if such departure
occurs with mar.e than one item
less than loot operative.
UTILIZATION See UTILIZATION. AIRCRAFT.
UTILIZATION . The average daily flying hours UTILIZATION

AIRCRAFT for one in-service aircraft (of a
given fleet).
NOTE: It is conpvted by` dividing

the total flying hours (airborne)
accìmuloted by the fleet in a
reporting period by the niideer of
in-service ®ircrafc aay8 in tlie
Sane period.
Utilization may also be elpre8sed

in flying hours per year.
® U-I
ATA/ lATA/ ICCAIA

TERM DEFINITION EQulvALENT
® TEFIM
VENDOR See SUPPLIER.

ATA/ lATA/ ICCAIA
WOF]LD AIF)LINES TECHNICAL OPEFÀTloNS GLOSSAF`Y

TERM
VEAROUT Itie process of deteriora¢ion.

.which re8ult8 in an increa8e
of the failure rate with in-
creasing age.
WEIGHT AND BAIJINCE A manual containing all weight

ENUAL (ueH) end balance date needed by the
airlines for analysing end
est®bli8hing velght end balance
procedures .
Note: All Specification Ho. loo

de8cribe8 the recomended content
of the annual.
WIRING ENUAL A nenuol copt.irLing all aircraft

(un) electrical aDd eleccronic vlring
diagron8 necoss8ry for
nelntenance. The nenu&I ®19o
incldde8 lists of equipzBeDt
(eleccricel). vires, end hoot-op.
Note: AIA Specification No. loo

® de8cribe8 the recomonded cancel)t
of the fDenu&l.
VRI,E-UPS. . The documents prep&rod e8 a

INSPECTION (DURING result of do8crepanci®8 noted
HAIRTENANCE during n&inten&Dce inspection.
• INSPECTION )
!#ruary/86
ATA/ lATA/ ICCAIA
WORLD AmLiNES TECHNlcAL OPERATIONS GLOSSAF)Y

TERM
APPENDIX A: ABBREVIATIONS
The following abbreviations are used and/or defined in the Glossary:
ABBREVIATION TERH unE:RE ussO AND;OR DEFINED PAGE(S) REF.
EQulpmNr. AIRCRAFT GRounD

XAIVUAI.. AIRCRAFT XAINTENANCE
AIRCRAFT 0N GROUND
H- . A P U
xAIruAL, AIRCRAFT REcOvERy
EQulp!(B»r. AIRBORNE suppORT
EQulpllENr, AUTormc rest
EQUIPIIENT. BUILT IN TEST
LIST. CONFIGURATION DEVIATION
IIANUAI.. ColfpoNENI llAIIITEllANCE
cost. DIRECI IIAnllmlAlicE
cost, DIREcl opERArlNG
XANUAL , EnelRE
iiANUAt.. FAlii;I IsoIA:IION
FLlen
DAMAGE. FOREIOw OBJECT
D~. IN6ESHon
RExovAL, roRElow OBJECT DAMAGE
llA»UAL, FAUI;I REPORTING
EQUIplfENTi GR0tIND SUPPORT
cost. IroIREcl xAINTE»ANCE
cost, I»DmEcl OPEENING
CAIAIOG. ILLUSIRAIEl) PARIS
ITBH. LINE REPIACEABLE
LINE REPLACEABLE (»111
XCUB
LlsT. illN"im EQulpilENT
ITEII. IIAI»"»A»CE §IG»IFICANT
XfEAll TI!(E BETWEEN FAILURE
xHEAii TIME BBrvEEli RExOvALs
xlEAli IIIiE BErwEE» tINscHEDULED
REXovus
HfBAIl rllfE ro FAIL;URE
xiiBAIi rlifB ro REPAIR
xEA» rniE ro u«scHEDULED REXovAL
Jem
iiANtIAL. .low-DEsrRIicTlvE TESTING
XANIJAL, POWER PLANT BUILD-UP
RunRrs. plLOT
PROCESS. PRIMARY XAINTEIIAI]CE
QUICK ENGINE Cl]AIICE U»II
App, A-1
January/90
WOHLD AIRLINES TECHNICAL OPERATIONS GLOSSARY
®
ABBREVIATION TERM quERE USEI) AND/OR DEFINED PACE(S) REF.
SERVICE But.LEIIN
!IANUAL , STRUCTURAL REPAIR
ITEM, STRUCTURAL SIGNIFICANT
llANUAL. SYSIgH SCHBllAIICS
rlHE BE"EEN OvERI]AULs
iiANUAL. ILLusrRAIED rooL AND EQulpHENT
rlHE slNCE INslALLAIIONs
IIHE SINCE OVERHAUL
tlANUAL, WEIGHT AND BALANCE
MANUAL WIRING
EXTRA SBCIION
#EF#E¥§§DeE!R8xl£E!g¥§HA§EAVREDREBg8_335I§ER888evE¥BB?
A'e!...-e=2,o®
ATA/ l^TA/ lccAIA
woFtLD AmLINES TECHNICAL9PERATI.ONS GLOsSARv

REVISION PROPOSÊ
roRLD AIRI.INES TECIINIC^L ONS cLosS^RT
P roporien c NOuT.t® a p!evt9ton a

(Check one)
TEf`M DEFINITION EOulvALENT

TEFIW
(ErigtlTIt) (Page ho. -
(Ne`7 or Revised) (Pe8e Ilo. I
For CoqDiccee use only . dyp,Oved Approve ulthChanle DL3approve DefcT

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',4`S£,i 3q

AIRLINE INDUSTRY STANDARD

\/er AT4 ccac``;£)5Jpio.`-f Dof6 i)i-ch.aL.er)/

Ease Qae Eggs Qae

tJst Of Eff. Pgs. Novombor/92

Febn.any/86 App. AJ January/90

List Of Eff. Pages

Tt`e pqirpo8e of the World Alrline8 Techf`lcal Oper&tion8 Glos8ary 18 co

in 8olocting terms to be included in the glo88ary. tt]e spon8orin6

::3:e::i:;:a;:: ::c:i:i:rF3:;#::i:A:o:=: 3:e:h:p::#:::!iyt:=:u::i?h

e loo. I{SC-3). A high degree of con8i8tency wag achieved. A8 there are

TIME Any appropriate unit of life ne®8urenent Such as

ITEH ^i`y level of hardware a88onbly (i.e.. 8y8tem.

Since Cho 6lo66ary io ificoi)dad t® bo uaod intornaciol`ally, it. i8

ACCESSIBII.ITY A de81gn fo®ture Which eff®ct8

ACCESSOBT A pert, 8ubassembly, ®88embly or

ACCIDENT An occurrence e88oci8ted With

(a) Any person 8uffer8 death or

(b) the aircraft recei®ed

(c) ±gr damage i8 catLsod to tt)e

AGE. THRESHOLD The tine before which in8pectlon

AIRCRAFT IN The average tlun.ber of aircraft

»OIE: The ntmber of aircraft in

AIRCRAFT mlNIE- A manual that enables a nechenic

Note: ATA Specification No. loo

AIBCRAPT 0» The hi€ho8t priority de8i8oation

AIRCRAFT RECOVERT A mnual describing aircraft

AIRCRAFT RECOVERY Note: ATA Spocificacion No. loo

AIRLINE OPBRATINC Inforfaation 8tippli.a by th.

AIRroRTHINBsS The condition of a,I` item

ALTERNATE An item which fully neet8 re- IIEH. ALTERNATE

AIC6rn8te procedtire8 folly meet

ANAL,YSIS . An ezten8loo of follure mode and

ANALYSIS. FAILURE A ay8tema.tic ev&lga,tion of ai

A»ALYS IS , The process of identifying STUDY, WORK

ANALYSIS, The asge88nenc of the perform-

ARENAL, LATE An aircraft arrival after Sched-

ASSEHBLY A number of p®rt8, suba8Benblio8.

NOTE: Tli® distinction betveon

NOTE: For r®1atlon8hlp of

ASSEMBLY, NEXT At` a88®nbly on vhlch the

ASSEHBLY. One or nope Structural olenent8

Bud( S®o tIATBRIAt., BULK

BURDBW I See COST, IrolRECT mlNTE»A»CE

E=1. ._ _.. ,a£

® TERM DEFINITION EQulvALENT

CAI.IBRATION The appllcaLtion of 8peclfic&1`ly

CANCEI` Detemined to be no longer

CANCEL[,ATI0N Elinipation of a scheduled trip

NOTE: Cancell®tlan of any or

CARI), JOB A card issued to the vorkm®n CARD, V0BK

CARD, WORK See CAin. JOB.

CAUSE, BASIC The c®u8e of a defect. failure

1. being operated and maintained

2. the cou8® v®s not ezternally

funedonal capability or physi-

CRECK, BENCH A functional check of an item in

clmcK. FUNcnoNAL A quantitative check to detemine

CIHCK, OPERATIONAL A task to determine that an item TEST'

cllEex[ scREDulED Any of the maintenance oppor-

CHECK, A vis`ial check conducted from ground

corml.ART A known or suspected malfunction SNAG

COMPLJ-, Reports of discrepancies which

cOMplAms, Suspected or known malfunquous pnREp; REpoRTs