The term, personality, is referred to as

the set of behaviors, feelings, thoughts,

and motives that identifies an individual.
Knowing yourself means understanding your
It is the embodiment to one's physical,
strengths and weaknesses, your passions and psychological, cognitive, affective, and
fears, your desires and dreams, and lastly, your
spiritual self. Therefore, when we speak
purpose in life. It means being aware of your
eccentricities and idiosyncrasies, your likes and
of the "self", we will describe it in
dislikes, and your tolerances and limitations. personality terms.

If the “self” is defined based on its psychological definition, it is then

defined in terms of human characteristics such as behavior and thought.

Psychoanalytic perspective Humanistic perspective Social cognitive perspective Trait perspective

Physiological The physical body and how it affects the

other aspects of a person.
Responsibility of adolescents: Adjust to a new
physical sense of self. Learn to manage
"The whole of anything is greater than its
sexuality.
parts." Gestalt psychology suggests that
Puberty in adolescents. The young individual
we do not simply focus on every small
appears less like a child and more like a sexually
mature adult with their bodies. component rather, we should look at it as
a whole.
The growth in the ability to deal with
abstractions accelerates during adolescence. Cognitive
Responsibility of adolescents: Adjust to new
intellectual abilities. Adjust to increased cognitive
demands in school. Develop expanded verbal
skills.

As adolescents mature intellectually, face

increased school demands, and prepare for adult
roles, they must develop new verbal skills to
accommodate more complex concepts and tasks.

Physiological The person's way of thinking, feeling, and

behaving. It emphasizes that there is a
connection between these three variables.
Knowing oneself is important
Responsibility of adolescents: Develop a
personal sense of identity. Establish adult for our own self because if we
vocational goals. Establish emotional and
know what to focus on and
psychological independence from their parents.
prioritize, our goal would be
Adolescents must identify a preliminary level of their
straight and focused. We
adult vocational goals and how they intend to achieve
those goals. Adolescents may vacillate between their would be persistent in finding
desire for dependence and their need to be
ways to achieve them. Also, it
independent.
is important to know our core

personality traits since it can

“No man is an island”. The relationships of an
individual with other people since they Social be helpful in socializing,
interact naturally to establish and sustain a building close relationships,
relationship.
and respond better to the

Responsibility of adolescents: Develop stable and

needs of the people that
productive peer relationships.
matter to us with other people

The degree to which an adolescent is able to which can help us develop as a

make friends and is a major indicator of how well
the adolescent will successfully adjust in other person. Trying to improve at a

areas of social and psychological development. certain aspect during our

developmental stages wouldn't

How one's values and beliefs help an individual

Spiritual
make us feel satisfied enough
create meaning and purpose of one's existence
that often leads to personal happiness and if we, ourselves do not know

self-fulfillment. where to start and focus more.

Compared to when you know

Responsibility of adolescents: Adopt a personal
value system. Develop increased impulse control what aspects you need to
and behavioral maturity.
improve, what your strengths

Adolescents develop a set of behavioral self- and weaknesses are, and

controls through which they assess which behaviors
others.
are acceptable and adult-like. They adopt an
integrated set of values and morals.
 Includes our emotional,

psychological, and social well-

being. It affects how we think,

It is caused by situations that may be
feel, and act as wecope with life-threatening or life-changing.
life and its normal stresses. The mechanism of stress may also be
A mentally healthy person
explained through psychological
reflects the presence of
factors. The Cognitive Appraisal
frequent positive feelings
Approach explains that how people
about life and relationships.
think about stress or determine how

stressful that stressor will become.

Eustress distress

Determining the severity of a

This is the so-called “good” On the other hand, distress stressor and classifying it as

stress. Eustress is the effect of which is “bad” stress is either a threat or a challenge.
positive events or the optimal the effect of unpleasant

amount of stress that people and undesirable stressors.

need to promote health and This may be short or long-
wellbeing. This stress helps the
term. (e.g financial
student perform to the best of
problems, death of a loved
his or her ability.
one, injuries, and etc.)

Identifying the resources

available to the person for

coping with the stressor.

Focuses on altering the

Psychologists have agreed that
individual's emotional response
small and sporadic amounts of to the problem and includes

stress can be helpful and strategies such as wishful Emotionally stable

beneficial to individuals while thinking, minimization, or
avoidance.
excessive amounts of stress
Able to express your thoughts
sustained over a lengthy period and feelings while being tactful
of time can be destructive to
both physical and mental health Alters the stressor by direct Doing well in school or work
action. It is more probable
when conditions are appraised
as amenable to change. Know how to say no at the
right time.

is a measure of our mental health. A

person with a high level of well-being

means that in some sense the individual's

or group's condition is positive.

According to the National Health Service of

Emotional psychological relational
the United Kingdom to improve mental health
and well-being, one should:
well- being well- being well- being

Connect.
Be Active.

Keep Self-acceptance Positive relations

Learning. Positive affect with others
Give to Personal growth social acceptance
Happiness
Others Purpose in life
Life satisfaction Social contribution
Take Notice. Autonomy
Social actualization

in the experience stated below, we can conclude

that It harms a person’s trust and well-being
that would likely traumatize the bullied person.

Real-life experience of a bullied person. However, there are also threats to

One of my bully's friends, who also bullied me, our mental health and well being
walked up to me one day. I immediately told
him to stay away from me. He said that he
just wanted to say he didn't plan on harassing
me anymore. I honestly remember not
believing him at all. And I know I told him,
okay, but I still didn't want him around me.

In keeping my mental health and well-being healthy, I focus on the positive side rather than the negative. I keep myself
busy with the things I love to do and enjoy these little things because this can benefit not only myself but others, too.
 and

y
ns wh we con
o th others ne
as wi

Re

ct
This hierarchy suggests that people are
motivated to fulfill basic needs before
People need... moving on to other, more advanced needs.

- Frequent personal

contacts or Positive Stimulation

interactions with the

other people. “People will like those other

people whom they can

- To perceive that there associate rewarding events”

is an interpersonal bond
Emotional Support
or relationship marked

by stability, affective "The key component of

solid relationships and

concern, and
strong psychological health
foreseeable future.
which plays a critical role in

your day-to-day life"

Social Comparison Information

This process involves people coming to know
themselves by evaluating their own

Similarity. attitudes, abilities, and traits in comparison

with others

closeness, connectedness IN People compare downward social

A RELATIONSHIP themselves to comparison
people who are
Physical People compare
better than they
Attractiveness. themselves to those
are.
involves feelings and desires who are less
Reciprocity that lead to physical Upward social proficient than they

attraction or romance. comparison are.

of Feelings.

Attention from
other people

Proximity involves feelings that lead Knowing that you are

(Geographical a person to remain with understood and your emotions
Nearness). someone and move toward and thoughts are accepted by
shared long term goals.
others is very powerful

Rules of conduct that have been established by

group members. They are standardized
generalizations concerning expected behavior in
matters that are of some importance to the group.

Two or more people who, for longer

than a few moments, interact with
Specifies how people holding positions in the group
and influence one another and
should behave.
perceive one another as “us”

I is the Efforts by one or more people

to change the behavior, attitudes, or
feelings of one or more others

It's neither Good or Bad. It depends

on the person on how he/she uses it.

Restricts personal freedom

Members of groups are expected to
Major forms
behave in certain ways, and if they don’t,
the group may impose sanctions or even
expel such violators from membership.

Often make demands on members’

time, energy, and resource
members must meet these demands or surrender
their membership

Adopt positions or policies of which some

members disapprove.
Some members may quit or leave due to this.
the process by which certain

Why Individuals quit? members of a group motivate

When different factions become so disparate that some

and guide the entire group. Decisive and competent
members cannot see themselves as sharing a social
identity with other members of the group, they leave. Honest and has integrity in
the respective group,
People exert less effort to
achieve a goal when they work in
Good moral character and
a
alone.
group than when working
is visionary

Individuals who benefit Self-aware and prioritize

from the group but personal development on
give little in return. the group

It is important since by having relationships, we would often feel that we aren’t

alone. We have companions whom understand us. By having companions, it
improves our mental health and well being too.
 Becoming aware of a simple concept about work or job, paves way to the notion that career will
be of interest at a certain point in time. Careers are related to the notion of sequential
employment-related experiences of the individual. Working life requires planning and
management by the individual and organization where one is to be employed.

Goals to serve to empower performance that prompts people to exert effort in

approaching the demands of the goal for people pursue the task through time and
align their focus to pertinent behavior and do away with the non-relevant tasks.

Myth 101
considered baby steps
If I change
towards achieving the careers my skills
more distant, bigger
will be wasted
and long-term goals.

Fact
Being multi-skilled allows
a vision of what an you to learn and adapt
individual will accordingly. It's true that
certain jobs require some
become in the future.
specialized skill set. But
it requires careful
note that mostly jobs
career planning. require a common type of
skills which most of the
individuals possess. Your
skills are yours to keep.
You may not use them in
the exactly same way, but
they won’t be wasted.

Psychological Socioeconomic
Factors Factors
Significant persons
One basic measure of career
surrounding the individual
assessment is to identify the

individual’s level of
The research of Hussain et al., may impact one’s perspective

intelligence and aptitude.

(2011) suggests that people with of occupational choice

Cognitive ability high level of conscientiousness

and agreeableness will perform
set of characteristics that better in managerial or executive
influence the individual’s positions in organizations.
cognition, behavior, and
As the individual assimilate
development.
the values of a particular
Personality Traits culture, the social values

become personal values.

Cultural
Factors

OPENNESS CONSCIENTIOUSNESS What is Culture? it refers to patterns of

thinking, feeling, and potential

acting that the individual

learns throughout a lifetime.

It consists of unwritten rules,

norms, values and rituals that

affect the individual’s frame of

EXTRAVERSION mind and perspectives.

AGREEABLENESS

NEUROTICISM

Right job = excellence

for me, career planning is very important

societies where identities are based
so that a person would be able to really
on the individual. It emphasizes
know what job best suits him/her. going
individual initiative and achievement.
over that career and thinking about it
it is considered as the “I mentality”
often would make you realize if you'd

really want to have it or not. I've always

wanted to become a doctor since i was a

child. now, i decided to pursue my dreams

despite the challenges i would be facing

societies where people are
because i know that it'll all be worth it.
integrated into strong cohesive

in-groups. It emphasizes the

i believe that if you have passion and that
importance of absolute loyalty
you love your job, you wouldn't be
to the group. It is referred to as
feeling exhausted everytime. you'd rather
the “We mentality”.
be persistent in achieving goals that

would benefit yourself in work.