Oxidation Number:

Charge that appears on any atom whenever it

Re do ✗ Reaction Metal (Oxides) bonded to different atom.

Non-Metal (Reduces) Rules:

RIG 01L 1) Oxidation Number for any free element = 0

for e. g 02, Na
reduction *oxidation
2) oxidation Number Elements of group I in their compound = +1
gain = electron loss = of election.
3) oxidation Number of dielement compound with metal of group (VII) = -1

for e.g which means

the compound should contain only two element.

4) Fluorine in its compounds is Always = -1

5) Aluminium in all it's compound = +3

6) Oxidation number of oxygen in all of its compounds = -2

Except when it is reacting with fluorine

For e.g :
OF2 ♂F2" since F is always -1 so for that
Oxygen needs to be +1

per Oxides Had a → Hat'Of'

(✗ 202)

7) Oxidation number of hydrogen is = +1

Except: when (H) is bonded to a metals
HE5, NIH
8) Oxidatio Number of any simple ion = charge of ion.

ion = positive g negative charge

simple compound
made up of one atom) (Made up of more than one atom)
For e.g: Nat' , 0-2
ON = +1 , O.N=-2

8) Sum of 0. N's for all atoms in

A neutral-compound complex = charge of ion

zero
- 2

0641206 (Cra 07
Co H: ♂ Cry + (-2×7) = -2
C6 + (+1-12)+1-2.6) Cra-14 = -2
(6+12/-1/2 -0 Cry = +12
6C =D 2cr= 412
c- 16=0 or = 6

Practice:

• 5204-2
5204 = -2 • 503 • NH4"
25 + (-2×4)=-2 5+(-2×3) = ② N + (4×1) -+1
25 - 8 =-2 S + (-6) =O N + 4=+1
28 = +6 5- 6=0 N = -3
5=3 5=+6
• 502 • 504-2 H2O
S + (-2×2) = 0 5 + (-2×4)=-2 H2 0=0
5 + C- 41=0 St (-8) =-2 24 + (-2×1)=0
5- 4=0 5- 8=-2 24 = +2
5=4 5=+6 H = +1
I 7.1

• In Ha • Mn 04" • 4202 • -7202

=
Int (-1×2) =O Mn + (-2×4)=-1 (+1×2)+(-1×2)=0 Fa 02 = 0

In -2=0 Mn -8=-1 +2-2=0 2ft (-1×2)=0

In = +2 Mn = -1+8 IF-2=0?

Mn = +7 IF = +2

• KO Br Sy 06-2 13-t F = 2=1

(1) + C- 2) + Br=o 54+(-2×6) =-2 31 = -1

1-2 + Br = 0 Sy -12 =-2 I = -1
-1 + Br-0 45-12=-2 3
Br-+ I 45 = +1
Ce is more 5=+1
electronegative
I ce
5 Reduction: Gain of eyes Oxidizing: loss of é/es
so we put-1 for
Ce and + 1 for It C- 1) =D signs:-→ loss 02 signs: → gain of 02
I → Gain of Ha
I _ +1 → loss of Ha
→ ↑ c) charge
→ ↓ in (ve) charge
→ ↓ (t) charge
→
Redox Reaction Agent
↑ in (+ ve) charge
Agent
⇒ (Donor of es)
⇒ (
Acceptor of es)
1) N-3
N-2
since N Mgo Mg"+aé
Fe 2+
increase from (-3 ⇒ -2) (R. A) Fe³¼é

this is why it is (0. A)

Oxidation
- 1 +1 -2
a) (£0,54 %!? Cathy O + C- +3

• Substance being oxidized:

C

• Substance being Reduced:

Cr

• Oxidizing agent :
+ 1 -2-2+1+0=0

Craoid I
-2%20

H COOH
• Reducing Agent

C2 H60
-2 -2
+ 2
"
3) Mfn 01 + 1%-1, > 1%1-91 + Mn
•
Mn 04-

Mn-8 =-1 • S ubstance being oxidized:

Mn = +7 C
•
Substance being Reduced:
Mn
• Oxidizing agent : Disproportion Reaction.

Mn 0,- reaction in which a substance

• Reducing Agent acts as oxidizing g reducing agent
at the same time.

H- C"-H

4) 24402' 2450400
2
0 = is being reduced ⇒ 4202 So its a oxidising agent

0 = is being oxidized ⇒ Ha 02 so its a reducing agent.

Balancing Redox Reaction

Oxidized
Oxidation.
•
Zn + Co+ ⅔ an + & Cu half Reaction (ion-electron) method
reduced
I (Ci:O;)" + C2H:O
-2
Cr +3 + C: 4:05
Zn 2nᵗ¾ de- in water Acidic solution.
(neutral solution) reduction
207 cut 2 CO i) Divide the equation into
i. e Bighacing Equation:

In + 6+2 znᵗ¾Cu Al + co" Al ¾ co two part (on the basis of 0N) Rules
✓ reduced
Feb + Na , Natt Fe • Balance every strange atom

Ix (e- + Feb Fe) 1) First step: 2 (Get 14Mt ['207 2. Crt? 7420 ) rather than (4,0)
half equations
(Na > Nat + 1) 3 • Balance (Oxygen = 0) by adding IH20 molecule
2x (Ae - Al? 3e- ) Electrons should 420 + C2H, 0 > (24402 + 44++40) 3
Feb-3Nd Fe +3N at be added ◦ more positivgides
for missing (O)

3 × (de + Co" Co) in order to blance both Sids.

• Balance (H atoms) by adding (Ht) ion on other side

Fat Ce' , ce, + F- - • Balance charge.

Fade 2F- I,cé

ace't > Ce:-de

Fa + 24C)" ce, + 2(F) -1

N-¾ 02 > 0 + Na • As Ha AS04- + As H3

2 (2N-3 Nat Ge') (4420 + As Ha AS04-+ 64++50-2×3

3 he't 02 20-2) +3
3é + 34" + As ASH}) ✗ 5
4N-3+302 2Nd + 60-2
12 H2O +8 AS 342 As 05 + 5 As H31-3HT
0
H:O: + cio; 02 + Cr +3

4202 2 + 24++2 e- ✗ 4 > 4420 402+84++8 e-

8é + 14T + CR20, 24+3+7 H2O 7 ✗ 1 8 e- + 14 + + Cr, 05

oxidation

-2 Cr"
4202 + Cry °, 2 +

reduction

be-+ 1444 Cra 052 203++7420) ✗ 1 Ge-+ I4H" + CR20? 2Cr "+ TH20

Conductor/Insulator 02+24++25 ✗3 34202 302+64++6 e-

(4202

Any substance that

can pass electricity
any substance that will not
(must have free electrons)
pass electricity

Don't contain charged particles

① molten or aqua ② metal or their charged particles are not

solution for ionic compound either solids ③ graphite free to move.

Ex# or molten (he only conducting

Nacl 420 Natce non-metal.
non-metal molecular
Nace heat, Natce (compound, Covalent bonds)