LTE eRAN6.

0 CS Fallback Feature

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

LTE eRAN6.0 CS Fallback Feature

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

LTE eRAN6.0 CS Fallback Feature

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

LTE eRAN6.0 CS Fallback Feature

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

 LTE eRAN6.0 CS Fallback Feature

 CS Fallback has a simpler network architecture compared with VoIP over IMS.
 SRVCC is short for Single Radio Voice Call Continuity

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

 LTE eRAN6.0 CS Fallback Feature

 In LTE architecture, the circuit switched (CS) fallback in EPS enables the provisioning of
voice and traditional CS-domain services (e.g. CS UDI video/ SMS/ LCS/ USSD). To provide
these services LTE reuses CS infrastructure when the UE is served by E-UTRAN.
 A CS Fallback enabled terminal is redirected to 2G/3G network after it initiates a CS service
such as voice call .
 CS Fallback applies to scenarios in which the coverage area of the
UTRAN/GERAN/CDMA2000 1xRTT network is the same as or includes that of the E-UTRAN.

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

LTE eRAN6.0 CS Fallback Feature

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

 LTE eRAN6.0 CS Fallback Feature

 To support CS Fallback, the SGs interface is required, so as to let the MME perform a UE
location update over the SGs interface so that the core network of the UTRAN or GERAN
learns about the UE location.

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

 LTE eRAN6.0 CS Fallback Feature

 After a UE is powered on in the E-UTRAN, it initiates a combined EPS/IMSI attach

procedure.
 If a UE is camping on an E-UTRAN cell, it periodically initiates a combined TAU/LAU
procedure, which allows for simultaneous UE location updates both in the MME and in the
core network of the UTRAN or GERAN.

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

 LTE eRAN6.0 CS Fallback Feature

 This table lists the advantages and disadvantages of the preceding mechanisms in terms of
impacts on the UEs, impacts on the networks, CS service access delay, and PS service
interruption time.

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

 LTE eRAN6.0 CS Fallback Feature

 Once a LTE UE initiates a voice request, MME informs the eNodeB to perform a CS Fallback
procedure, which is shown in the slide:
 The UE sends the MME an NAS message Extended Service Request to initiate a CS service.
 The MME sends an S1-AP Request message to instruct the eNodeB to initiate a CS Fallback
procedure (If the MME supports the LAI-related feature, the MME also delivers the LAI to
the eNodeB).
 The eNodeB determines whether to perform a blind redirection based on the setting of
BlindHoSwitch under the HoModeSwitch parameter, as follows:
 If BlindHoSwitch is turned off, the eNodeB instructs the UE to perform inter-RAT
measurements. Then, the UE sends measurement reports to the eNodeB.
 If BlindHoSwitch is turned on, the eNodeB does not instruct the UE to perform
inter-RAT measurements.
 The eNodeB sends an RRC Connection Release message to instruct the UE to perform a
redirection. The message contains information about a target UTRAN frequency. If flash CS
Fallback is available, the RRC Connection release message includes information about a
target UTRAN frequency,PSC and their associated system information, In this way, the UE
can quickly access the target UTRAN without the need to perform the procedure for
acquiring system information of the target UTRAN cell. Then, the UE can directly initiate a
CS service in the UTRAN cell.
 Then, the eNodeB initiates an S1 UE context release procedure.
 The UE may initiate an LAU, a combined RAU/LAU, or both an RAU and an LAU in the
target cell and initiates a CS call establishment procedure in the target UTRAN cell.

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

 LTE eRAN6.0 CS Fallback Feature

 Flash CS Fallback is defined in 3Gpp R9 .With this function, SIB can be included into
the ”RRC connection Release” during the redirection procedure. This is achived by the RIM
procedure. with RIM, eNodeB can get information from GERAN/UMTS.
 The RIM procedure supports two information exchange modes: Single Report and Multiple
Report. In Single Report mode, the source sends a request, and then the target responds
with a single report. In Multiple Report mode, the target responds with a report after
receiving a request from the source, and it also sends a report to the source each time the
system information changes.
 The Multiple Report mode is enabled or disabled by setting the RimSwitch parameter,
while the Single Report mode is not configurable

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

 LTE eRAN6.0 CS Fallback Feature

 The RIM procedure and parameter settings are described as follows:

 If a neighboring UTRAN cell supports the Multiple Report mode and
UTRAN_RIM_SWITCH under the RimSwitch parameter is turned on, the RIM
procedure in Multiple Report mode is performed as follows: After an E-UTRAN cell
is set up, the eNodeB sends a request for system information to neighboring
UTRAN cells. After a neighboring UTRAN cell receives a request or the system
information changes, this cell sends the system information to the eNodeB.
 If an eNodeB supports flash CS Fallback, it requires the system information of
neighboring UTRAN cells to perform a redirection. If the serving cell does not have
that information, the eNodeB must initiate an RIM procedure in Single Report
mode to acquire the system information.

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

 LTE eRAN6.0 CS Fallback Feature

 Once a LTE UE initiates a voice request, MME informs the eNodeB to perform a CS Fallback
procedure, which is shown in the slide:
 The UE sends the MME an NAS message Extended Service Request to initiate a CS
service.
 The MME sends an S1-AP Request message to instruct the eNodeB to initiate a CS
Fallback procedure (If the MME supports the LAI-related feature, the MME also
delivers the LAI to the eNodeB).
 The eNodeB determines whether to perform a blind handover based on the setting
of BlindHoSwitch under the HoModeSwitch parameter, as follows:
 If BlindHoSwitch is turned off, the eNodeB instructs the UE to perform
inter-RAT measurements. Then, the UE sends measurement reports to the
eNodeB.
 If BlindHoSwitch is turned on, the eNodeB does not instruct the UE to
perform inter-RAT measurements.
 The eNodeB initiates the preparation phase for a PS handover. If the preparation is
successful, the eNodeB instructs the UE to perform a handover.
 After the handover, the UE may initiate an LAU or combined RAU/LAU procedure
in the UTRAN.
 The UE’s context in EPS is released.

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

 LTE eRAN6.0 CS Fallback Feature

 CS Fallback procedure for a terminated call is shown in the slide:

 The MSC sends a Paging Request message from the CS domain to the MME over
the SGs interface. Then, either of the following occurs:
 If the UE is in idle mode, the MME sends a Paging message to the eNodeB.
Then the eNodeB sends a Paging message over the Uu interface to inform
the UE of an incoming call from the CS domain, then UE initiates a
connection establish procedure.
 If the UE is in active mode（connected）, the MME sends the UE an NAS
message to inform the UE of an incoming call from the CS domain.
 The UE sends an Extended Service Request message containing a CS Fallback
Indicator after receiving the paging message from the CS domain.
 The MME instructs the eNodeB over the S1 interface to perform CS Fallback.
 The subsequent steps are similar to the originated CS Fallback to UTRAN.
 The service request message from the UTRAN cell to UMTS CN is considered as the
Paging Response message.

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

 LTE eRAN6.0 CS Fallback Feature

 The procedures of CS Fallback to GERAN are similar with those of to UTRAN, just the
CCO/NACC is particularly for GSM.
 During CS Fallback based on CCO/NACC, the eNodeB receives a CS Fallback Indicator from
the MME, and then it sends a Mobility From EUTRA Command message to the UE over the
Uu interface. The message contains information about the operating frequency, ID, and
system information of a target GERAN cell. The UE searches for the target cell based on
the information it received, and then it performs initial access to the cell to initiate a CS
service.
 This table lists the advantages and disadvantages of the preceding mechanisms in terms of
impacts on the UEs, impacts on the networks, CS service access delay, and PS service
interruption time.

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

 LTE eRAN6.0 CS Fallback Feature

 The Cell Change order (CCO) procedure with Network Assisted Cell Change (NACC) is an
alternative to the RRC Connection Release with Redirection procedure used for CS Fallback.
The main difference is that the UE is moved to the target RAT whilst in RRC Connected
Mode, also MME can get some response(UE Context Required) from GSM so as to trigger
the UE context release procedure.
 In this CS Fallback procedure, the eNodeB sends a “Mobility From EUTRA Command”
message over the Uu interface to indicate the operating frequency and ID of the target
GERAN cell. If the source cell has the system information of the target cell, the system
information is also carried in the message.

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

LTE eRAN6.0 CS Fallback Feature

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

 LTE eRAN6.0 CS Fallback Feature

 The eNodeB’s configuration may affect following steps：

 Triggering phase
 After receiving a CS Fallback Indicator from the MME, the eNodeB decides whether
to perform CS Fallback and whether to perform measurement for the CS Fallback.
Compared with measurement-based CS Fallback, blind handovers（blind
redirection） have shorter access delays but a lower handover success rate.
 Measurement phase
 The eNodeB delivers the inter-RAT measurement configuration to the UE, and the
UE performs inter-RAT measurements as instructed.
 If CS Fallback fails to be performed for the UE in the form of a measurement-based
handover due to measurement timeout or exceptions, the eNodeB initiates a blind
handover.
 Decision phase
 The eNodeB evaluates the measurement results and generates a list of candidate
cells.
 Execution phase
 The eNodeB Selects a CSFB mechanism from HO, redirection, flash CSFB or
CCO/NACC .

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

 LTE eRAN6.0 CS Fallback Feature

 After a UE initiates a CS service in an E-UTRAN cell, the MME sends the eNodeB an S1-AP
Request message that contains a CS Fallback Indicator, notifying the eNodeB that the UE
should be transferred to the target network. The target networks to which CS Fallback can
be performed are specified by the HoAlgoSwitch parameter.the eNodeB checks the blind-
handover switch setting and UE capabilities for each RAT and performs accordingly:
 If the BlindHoSwitch option under the ENodeBAlgoSwitch.HoModeSwitch parameter
is cleared, blind handovers are prohibited. Under this condition, if the UE is capable of
measuring a RAT, the eNodeB delivers the inter-RAT measurement configuration to the UE,
instructing the UE to perform measurements on this RAT.
 If the BlindHoSwitch option under the ENodeBAlgoSwitch.HoModeSwitch parameter
is cleared and the UE is incapable of measuring a RAT, the eNodeB performs CSFB in the
form of a blind redirection.
 If the BlindHoSwitch option under the ENodeBAlgoSwitch.HoModeSwitch parameter
is selected, blind handovers are allowed and the eNodeB directly performs CSFB in the
form of a blind handover.

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

 LTE eRAN6.0 CS Fallback Feature

 The UTRAN CS Fallback and GERAN CS Fallback switchs are under the handover algorithm
switch. If the switch is checked, CS Fallback procedure is enabled, eNodeB will perform the
CS Fallback for the UE.

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

 LTE eRAN6.0 CS Fallback Feature

 BlindHoSwitch check box is under the Handover Mode switch parameter. If it is checked,
the eNodeB does not instruct the UE to perform measurements on this RAT, and eNodeB
selects the target for the CS Fallback.

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

 LTE eRAN6.0 CS Fallback Feature

 The priorities of RATs used in blind handovers for CSFB are specified by the
CSFallBackBlindHoCfg.InterRatHighestPri,
CSFallBackBlindHoCfg.InterRatSecondPri, and
CSFallBackBlindHoCfg.InterRatLowestPri parameters.
 The eNodeB selects a cell with the highest blind-handover priority in this RAT.
 The blind-handover priority of a neighboring UTRAN or GERAN cell is specified by the
UtranNCell.BlindHoPriority or GeranNcell.BlindHoPriority parameter, respectively.

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

 LTE eRAN6.0 CS Fallback Feature

 MML Command：MOD CSFALLBACKBLINDHOCFG

 By default, UTRAN is configured with the highest priority, GERAN is configured with the
second priority.

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

 LTE eRAN6.0 CS Fallback Feature

 MML Command：
 MOD UTRANNCELL
 MOD GERANNCELL

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

 LTE eRAN6.0 CS Fallback Feature

 In a measurement-based handover, the eNodeB selects a UE-supported RAT and

frequencies from the configured neighboring frequencies and neighboring cells, and then
delivers the information in the measurement configuration to the UE.
 The eNodeB can deliver a maximum of 3 UTRA absolute radio frequency channel numbers
(UARFCNs) or 32 GERAN absolute radio frequency channel numbers (ARFCNs) at a time.

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

 LTE eRAN6.0 CS Fallback Feature

 The triggering of event B1 indicates that the signal quality is higher than a specified
threshold in at least one neighboring cell. 3GPP TS 36.331 defines the entering and leaving
conditions of event B1 as follows:
 Entering condition: Mn + Ofn - Hys > Thresh
 Leaving condition: Mn + Ofn + Hys < Thresh
 Where:

Mn is the measurement result of the neighboring cell.

Ofn is the frequency-specific offset for the frequency of the

neighboring cell. It is contained in the associated measurement object
IE in the measurement configuration.

Hys is the hysteresis for event B1. The hysteresis values for CS Fallback
to UTRAN, GERAN, and CDMA2000 1xRTT are contained in the
measurement configuration.

Thresh is the threshold for event B1.Thresh are set based on the
measurement quantities for each RAT.

If the entering condition of event B1 is continuously met during a

period known as time-to-trigger, the UE reports information about the
cells that meet the condition to the eNodeB.

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

 LTE eRAN6.0 CS Fallback Feature

 MOD CSFALLBACKHO
 The received signal code power (RSCP) threshold for CS Fallback to UTRAN is specified by
CS FallbackHoUtranB1ThdRscp.
 − The Ec/No threshold for CS Fallback to UTRAN is specified by CS
FallbackHoUtranB1ThdEcn0.
 − The received signal strength indicator (RSSI) threshold for CS Fallback to GERAN
is specified by CS FallbackHoGeranB1Thd.
 − The pilot strength threshold for CS Fallback to CDMA2000 1xRTT is specified by
CS FallbackHoCdmaB1ThdPS.
 The time-to-trigger for event B1 related to CS Fallback to UTRAN/GERAN/CDMA2000
1xRTT is specified by the CS FallbackHoUtranTimeToTrig, CS
FallbackHoGeranTimeToTrig, and CS FallbackHoCdmaTimeToTrig parameters,
respectively

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

 LTE eRAN6.0 CS Fallback Feature

 After having received the B1 measurement reports for CSFB, the eNodeB generates a list of
candidate cells for CSFB and selects the cell with the highest signal quality from this list as
the target cell.

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

 LTE eRAN6.0 CS Fallback Feature

 CSFB to UTRAN Mechanism selection is based on the order :

 PS handover(require UE PS handover capability and turning on the eNodeB PS
handover algorithm switch)
 Flash CS Fallback(require UE flash CS Fallback supporting and turning on the
eNodeB Flash CS Fallback switch and Redirection switch )
 Redirection(require to turn on the Redirection switch)

 CSFB to GERAN Mechanism selection is based on the order :

 PS handover(require UE PS handover capability and turning on the PS handover
algorithm switch)
 CCO/NACC(require UE CCO/NACC supporting and turning on the eNodeB CS
Fallback switch )
 Flash CS Fallback(require UE flash CS Fallback supporting and turning on the Flash
CS Fallback switch and Redirection switch )
 Redirection(require to turn on the redirection switch)

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

LTE eRAN6.0 CS Fallback Feature

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

LTE eRAN6.0 CS Fallback Feature

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

LTE eRAN6.0 CS Fallback Feature

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

LTE eRAN6.0 CS Fallback Feature

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission