Masiding, Haynon Sarip

1. "The Greek genius consisted of freedom of inquiry, a questionable attitude and love of beauty
in nature and art". Explain what is means and give an example taken from the history of ancient
Greece which shows that this quality was present.?

✔️ First and foremost the freedom of inquiry or the freedom to seek information. Historically,
greeks prospers in the field of innovation. It is because they had this freedom of inquiry. The
love seeking new information and knowledge which contributes a lot to the development of the
ancient Greece. In the cities of Ancient Greece, the freedom that prevailed that led innovation to
flourish. The democratic system of government of ancient Athens is a successful example of
innovation that holds well today in the civilized world, after 2500 years.

✔️ As freedom fuels the development of innovation, the same is development in its arts and
literature. Example is the Theatrical productions that these ancient greek people had. Even
before, they had the thing we called producer, a writer-director, the cast, technical effects, a
music composer. In each of their religious feast like Panathenea or Linea, a number of plays
were presented and the best production in each event was awarded by a tripod. In Athens, the
tripodes won by Athenians were exhibited in the road that leads from the Dionysos’ theatre to the
Stadium. This road was (still is) called the Tripodes’ road.

2. Historians generally recognize three principal motives for europian colonization. The said
phrase sums it up. First is the Gold, european nations were always looking for new sources of
wealth. Second is the Glory, european explorers competed for fame and honor for both
themselves and their countries. and lastly God, europeans believed it was their duty to bring
Christianity to the non-believers of the world.

Inter Caetera which was issued by Pope Alexander VI on May 4, 1493, played an integral and
central role in the Spanish conquest of the New World. The document supported Spain’s strategy
to ensure its exclusive right to the lands discovered by Columbus. It established a demarcation
line one hundred leagues west of the Azores and Cape Verde Islands and assigned Spain the
exclusive right to acquire territorial possessions and to trade in all lands west of that line. All
others were forbidden to approach the lands west of the line without special license from the
rulers of Spain. This effectively gave Spain a monopoly on the lands in the New World.
Moreover, the document stated that any land not inhabited by Christians was available to be
"discovered," claimed, and exploited by Christian rulers and declared that "the Catholic faith and
the Christian religion be exalted and be everywhere increased and spread, that the health of souls
be cared for and that barbarous nations be overthrown and brought to the faith itself." This
Doctrine of Discovery became the basis of all European claims in the Americas as well as the
foundation for the United States’ western expansion.

The Treaty of Tordesillas is an agreement signed between the government of spain and
Portugal on June 7, 1494. The treaty was named for the city in Spain in which it was created. The
Treaty of Tordesillas neatly divided the “New World” of the Americas between the two
superpowers countries during that time. These countries are the country of Portugal and Spain.
Under the treaty, it was stated in there that All lands located at east were claimed by Portugal.
All lands located at west were claimed by Spain. Spain and Portugal adhered to the treaty
without major conflict between the two. The results of this treaty are still evident throughout the
Americas today. For example, all Latin American nations are predominantly Spanish-speaking
countries with the sole exception of Brazil where Portuguese is the national language.

The Treaty of Zaragoza was a treaty between Spain and Portugal which was signed on April
22, 1529 by King John III of Portugal and King Charles V of Castile and Aragon, in the city of
Zaragoza. The treaty aimed to solve the problem of what constituted Castilian and Portuguese
territory in Asia, after both kingdoms had claimed the Moluccas (Spice Islands) for themselves
through the Treaty of Tordesillas. Under the Treaty of Zaragoza, Portugal gained control of all
lands and seas westward of Moluccas, including all of Asia and its neighboring islands that had
been discovered, leaving Spain with most of the Pacific Ocean. However, Spain still claimed the
Philippines, with almost no opposition from the Portuguese.

Mercantilism doctrine defines an economic policy or trade practice that countries adopt to grow
their wealth and power by maintaining a favorable balance in trade through increased exports
and decreased imports. During the 16th and the 18th centuries, European nations like Great
Britain and France used this policy to import cheaper raw materials from their colonies and
export finished products to them in exchange for gold and silver coins. Maintaining a favorable
balance in trade indicates a zero-sum situation where one country’s loss is necessary for
another’s gain. In mercantilistic trading, merchants and the government worked together to
accumulate wealth by restricting imports of foreign-made goods.