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Thayer Consultancy

Monthly Report September 2023

Carlyle A. Thayer
Director
1

Thayer Consultancy
Australian Business Number
ABN 65 648 097 123

P.O. Box 435


Jamison Centre
Macquarie, A.C.T. 2614
Australia
+61 (02) 6251 1849

Thayer Consultancy provides political analysis of current regional security issues and other
research support to selected clients. Thayer Consultancy was officially registered as a small
business in Australia in 2002.
2

Table of Contents

Thayer Consultancy Background Briefs .......................................................................................................... 2

Thayer Consultancy Publications ................................................................................................................... 4

Academic Publications Completed ................................................................................................................. 4

Presentations ................................................................................................................................................ 4

Consultations ................................................................................................................................................ 5

Interview Transcripts ..................................................................................................................................... 5

Peer Reviews ................................................................................................................................................. 5

Media Interviews........................................................................................................................................... 5

Thayer In the Media September 2023 ............................................................................................................ 7

Media Extracts............................................................................................................................................... 7

Future Commitments................................................................................................................................... 21

Thayer Consultancy Background Briefs


[archived at Scribd.com]
1. “Exercise Super Garuda Shield 2023,” Thayer Consultancy Background Brief, September 3,
2023. https://www.scribd.com/document/672364678/Thayer-Exercise-Super-Garuda-
Shield-2023.
2. “China’s New South China Sea 10-Dash Line,” Thayer Consultancy Background Brief,
September 3, 2023. https://www.scribd.com/document/674749485/Thayer-China-s-
New-South-China-Sea-10-Dash-Line.
3. “Vietnam and the Declaration on Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea,” Thayer
Consultancy Background Brief, September 3, 2023.
https://www.scribd.com/document/674750403/Thayer-Vietnam-and-the-Declaration-
on-Conduct-of-Parties-in-the-South-China-Sea.
4. “Japan to Expand Official Security Assistance to Six Countries,” Thayer Consultancy
Background Brief, September 4, 2023.
https://www.scribd.com/document/672368648/Thayer-Japan-to-Expand-Official-
Security-Assistance-to-Six-Countries.
5. “President Biden to Visit Vietnam: Scene Setter -2,” September 4 , 2023,” Thayer
Consultancy Background Brief, September 4, 2023.
https://www.scribd.com/document/669919177/Thayer-President-Biden-to-Visit-
Vietnam-Scene-Setter-2.
6. “President Biden to Visit Vietnam: Scene Setter -3,” Thayer Consultancy Background Brief,
September 5, 2023. https://www.scribd.com/document/669922994/Thayer-President-
Biden-to-Visit-Vietnam-Scene-Setter-3.
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7. “President Biden to Visit Vietnam: Scene Setter – 4,” Thayer Consultancy Background
Brief, September 5, 2023. https://www.scribd.com/document/669923795/Thayer-
President-Biden-to-Visit-Vietnam-Scene-Setter-4.
8. President Biden to Visit Vietnam: Scene Setter – 5,” Thayer Consultancy Background Brief,
September 6, 2023. https://www.scribd.com/document/669924595/Thayer-President-
Biden-to-Visit-Vietnam-Scene-Setter-5.
9. “President Biden to Visit Vietnam: Scene Setter – 6,” Thayer Consultancy Background
Brief, September 7, 2023. https://www.scribd.com/document/669925342/Thayer-
President-Biden-to-Visit-Vietnam-Scene-Setter-6.
10. “President Biden to Visit Vietnam: Scene Setter – 7,” Thayer Consultancy Background
Brief, September 8, 2023. https://www.scribd.com/document/669926184/Thayer-
President-Biden-to-Visit-Vietnam-Scene-Setter-7.
11. “President Biden to Visit Vietnam: Scene Setter – 8,” Thayer Consultancy Background
Brief, September 8, 2023. https://www.scribd.com/document/669926798/Thayer-
President-Biden-to-Visit-Vietnam-Scene-Setter-8.
12. “Vietnam-U.S. Comprehensive Strategic Partnership: Levelling the Playing Field?” Thayer
Consultancy Background Brief, September 9, 2023.
https://www.scribd.com/document/671351647/Thayer-Vietnam-U-S-Comprehensive-
Strategic-Partnership-Levelling-the-Playing-Field.
13. “China-Vietnam Relations and the Role of their Communist Parties,” Thayer Consultancy
Background Brief, September 9, 2023.
https://www.scribd.com/document/672378015/Thayer-China-Vietnam-Relations-and-
the-Role-of-Their-Communist-Parties.
14. “ASEAN, China and the South China Sea Issue,” Thayer Consultancy Background Brief,
September 9, 2023. https://www.scribd.com/document/674750916/Thayer-ASEAN-
China-and-the-South-China-Sea-Issue.
15. “Are Main Battle Tanks and Paratroopers Relevant to Conflict in the Indo-Pacific?” Thayer
Consultancy Background Brief, September 9, 2023.
https://www.scribd.com/document/672370907/Thayer-Are-Tanks-and-Paratroopers-
Relevant-to-Conflict-in-the-Indo-Pacific.
16. “Vietnam and the U.S.-China-Russia Triangle,” Thayer Consultancy Background Brief,
September 10, 2023. https://www.scribd.com/document/674751373/Thayer-Vietnam-
and-the-U-S-China-Russia-Triangle.
17. “U.S.-Vietnam Upgrade Relations,” Thayer Consultancy Background Brief, September 10,
2023. https://www.scribd.com/document/671354591/Thayer-U-S-Vietnam-Upgrade-
Relations.
18. “US-Vietnam Relations Post Mortem – 1,” Thayer Consultancy Background Brief,
September 11, 2023. https://www.scribd.com/document/671355367/Thayer-US-
Vietnam-Relations-Post-Mortem-1.
19. “US-Vietnam Relations Post Mortem – 2,” Thayer Consultancy Background Brief,
September 12, 2023. https://www.scribd.com/document/671356335/Thayer-US-
Vietnam-Relations-Post-Mortem-2.
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20. “US-Vietnam Relations: Post Mortem – 3,” Thayer Consultancy Background Brief,
September 12, 2023. https://www.scribd.com/document/671357154/Thayer-US-
Vietnam-Relations-Post-Mortem-3.
21. “US-Vietnam Relations Post Mortem – 4,” Thayer Consultancy Background Brief,
September 13, 2023. https://www.scribd.com/document/671357825/Thayer-US-
Vietnam-Relations-Post-Mortem-4.
22. “US-Vietnam Relations: Post Mortem – 5,” Thayer Consultancy Background Brief,
September 13, 2023. https://www.scribd.com/document/671358442/Thayer-US-
Vietnam-Relations-Post-Mortem-5 .
23. “Does Vietnam Pursue a Balancing or Hedging Policy Towards China and the US?” Thayer
Consultancy Background Brief, September 26, 2023.
https://www.scribd.com/document/674969290/Thayer-Does-Vietnam-Pursue-a-
Balancing-or-Hedging-Policy-Towards-China-and-the-US.

Thayer Consultancy Publications


Thayer Consultancy Monthly Report – August 2023, September 1, 2023.
https://www.scribd.com/document/668444531/Thayer-Consultancy-Monthly-Report-
August-2023.

Academic Publications Completed


“South China Sea: Global Stakeholders,” FPRC Journal [Foreign Policy Research Centre, New
Delhi] no. 55 (3), September 2023, 24-27.
“Quan hệ kinh tế Việt-Mỹ cần được nâng cấp (Vietnam-America economic relations need to
be upgraded,” Tiền Phong, September 11, 2023, 4.

Presentations
Speaker, “South China Sea and the Rules-Based International Order,” Presentation to Session
1, South China Sea: International Law Perspectives, Conference on Navigating Complexities:
Building Regional Trust and Stability in the South China Sea, sponsored by the EU Delegation
to ASEAN EU Policy and Outreach Partnership and Centre for ASEAN Regionalism Universiti
Malaya, Ballroom B, Ayana Hotel, Jakarta, Indonesia, September 25, 2023.
https://www.scribd.com/document/674718240/Thayer-South-China-Seaand-the-Rules-
Based-International-Order.
Moderator, “ASEAN and the South China Sea Disputes: Responsibilities and Constraints,”
Session 4, Conference on Navigating Complexities: Building Regional Trust and Stability in the
South China Sea, sponsored by the EU Delegation to ASEAN EU Policy and Outreach
Partnership and Centre for ASEAN Regionalism Universiti Malaya, Ballroom B, Ayana Hotel,
Jakarta, Indonesia, September 25, 2023.
Invited participant, Managing Global Commons in the South China Sea: Role of EU and the
International Community, Conference on Navigating Complexities: Building Regional Trust
and Stability in the South China Sea, Closed-Door Consultations (Invitation Only), sponsored
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by the EU Delegation to ASEAN EU Policy and Outreach Partnership, Jasmine 3, Ayana Hotel,
Jakarta, Indonesia, September 26, 2023.
Resource Speaker, “Upgrading Relationships between the U.S and Vietnam and its Impact on
the South China Sea region’s Security,” Presentation to Seven Years After the Arbitral Award:
Peace, Economy, Security and Stability in the South China (West Philippine) Sea and the
World, 12th Virtual International Conference on South China Sea/West Philippine Sea,
Manila, Philippines, September 30, 2023.
https://www.scribd.com/document/674600289/Thayer-Upgrading-Relationships-between-
the-U-S-and-Vietnam-and-its-Impact-on-the-South-China-Sea-Region-s-Security.

Consultations
Nguyen Manh Thang, “Analysing China’s and Vietnam’s Overlapping Territorial Claims to
Sovereignty over the Paracel Islands under International Law,” September 27, 2023.
Noel Foster, “ASEAN Combined Military Exercises Project,” U.S. Naval War College, Newport,
Rhode Island. September 27, 2023.

Interview Transcripts
“Biden will visit Hanoi to sign a deal bringing the ex-enemies closer together,” Michael
Sullivan, NPR (National Public Radio), September 8, 2023.
https://www.npr.org/transcripts/1198373641
“Cột mốc trong quan hệ việt nam hoa kỳ (Milestone in US-Vietnam relations),” Carl Thayer
interviewed by Vu Thanh Tu, Viet Nam News Agency, September 12, 2023 at the 0:50-1:18
and 3:05-4:01 minute mark. https://vnews.gov.vn/video/cot-moc-trong-quan-he-viet-nam-
hoa-ky-94168.htm.

Peer Reviews
“The Five Power Defence Arrangement: Alliance Persistence from the Cold War to the
Present,” Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs. Submitted September 17, 2023.

Media Interviews
1. Seth Robson, Stars and Stripes, September 3, 2023.
2. Cliff Venzon, Bloomberg, September 3, 2023.
3. Amitabh Dixit, Freelance Journalist and Conference Producer, APAC and Middle East Region,
Kuala Lumpur, September 3, 2023.
4. Mai Tran, Radio Free Asia Vietnamese, September 4, 2023.
5. Pham Trung Bac, Deutsche Presse Agentur, September 4, 2023.
6. Sui-Lee Wee, Southeast Asia Bureau Chief, The New York Times, September 4, 2023.
7. Nguyen Thanh Tuan, Tuổi Trẻ Cuối Tuần, September 5, 2023.
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8. Kim Dung Tong, Nikkei, September 5, 2023.


9. Michael Sullivan, National Public Radio Bangkok, September 5, 2023.
10. Hannah, Beech, The New York Times, September 6, 2023.
11. Khanh Duong, Báo Pháp Luật TP. Ho Chi Minh, September 6, 2023.
12. Nguyen Thi Thu Thuong, Soha News, September 7, 2023.
13. Turkish Radio and Television (TRT), Ankara, September 7, 2023.
14. Kevin Doyle, Al Jazeera, Kuala Lumpur, September 7, 2023.
15. Le Nguyen, Voice of America Vietnamese, September 8, 2023.
16. Tim Pham, Phap Luat TP. HCM, September 8, 2023.
17. Jonathan Emont, The Wall Street Journal, Singapore, September 8, 2023.
18. Tran Thi Tu Trang, Báo Giao thông vận tải Việt Nam, September 9, 2023.
19. Shi Jiangtao, South China Morning Post, September 9, 2023.
20. Chetra Chap, Voice of America, September 9, 2023.
21. Seth Robson, Stars and Stripes, September 9, 2023.
22. Jonathan Emont, The Wall Street Journal, Singapore, September 10, 2023.
23. Antoine Gomktsyan, Sputnik News, September 10, 2023.
24. Dương Quốc Đạt, Dân trí newspaper, September 10, 2023.
25. Dương Quốc Đạt, Dan Tri newspaper, September 11, 2023.
26. Patric Zoll, September 11, 2023.
27. Jonathan Emont, The Wall Street Journal, Singapore, September 11, 2023, .
28. Hannah Beech, The New York Times, September 11, 2023.
29. Trung Son, Radio Free Asia, Taipei, September 11, 2023.
30. Bui Thu, BBC Vietnamese, September 12, 2023.
31. Nguyễn Thanh Tuấn, Tuổi Trẻ Cuối Tuần, September 12, 2023.
32. Vu Thanh Tu, Bureau Chief, Vietnam News Agency, Sydney, September 12, 2023.
33. Shaun Turton, Nikkei, Phnom, Penh, September 12, 2023.
34. Hoang Tran, VnExpress, September 13, 2023.
35. Cao Nguyen, RFA Vietnamese, September 13, 2023.
36. Nga Pham, September 15, 2023.
37. Seth Robson, Stars and Stripes, September 16, 2023.
38. Ralph Jennings, South China Morning Post, September 18, 2023.
39. Fiona Kelliher, Voice of America, Phnom Penh, September 21, 2023.
40. Necva Taştan, Anadolu Agency, Ankara, September 21, 2023.
41. Maria Siow, South China Morning Post, September 26, 2023.
7

Thayer In the Media September 2023


Interviews: 41
Trending: ASEAN disunity on the South China Sea, Biden to visit Vietnam (11), Vietnam-US
comprehensive strategic partnership (10), Russian arms sales to Vietnam (3), Exercise Super
Garuda Shield (2), Vietnam-US-China relations (2), sCambodia Hun Manet, China-Vietnam
border closure, China-Vietnam party relations, China’s ten dash line map, Japan official
security assistance to six countries, Ream Naval Base, South China Sea disputes, US
Depleted Uranium ammunition to Ukraine, US-Philippines defence relations, Vietnam and
the Declaration on Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea, Vietnam-Australia-US
relations, Vietnam-Russia-US relations

TV interviews: TRT (Turkish Radio and Television), VTV1 Hanoi,


Radio interviews: Al Jazeera, Anadolu Agency (Ankara), BBC Vietnamese (2), KCBX FM Central
Coast Public Radio, National Public Radio, Radio Free Asia, Radio Free Asia Vietnamese (3),
Sputnik News, Voice of America (2), Voice of America Vietnamese
Media interviews: Bloomberg, Deutsche Presse Agentur, freelance journalist, The New York
Times (2), Nikkei Asia, Stars and Stripes (3), South China Morning Post (4), VnExpress, The Wall
Street Journal (3)
OpEd: Báo Tiền Phong [Pioneer Newspaper]
Vietnamese Media interviews: Báo Giao thông vận tải Việt Nam, Báo Pháp Luật TP. Ho Chi
Minh (2), Dân tri (2), Soha News, Tuổi Trẻ Cuối Tuần (2), Vietnam News Agency
Quoted by: Benar News, The New York Sun, Stars and Stripes, Vietnam Investment Review,
VietnamNet Bridge, VietnamNet Global, Vietnam News Brief Service, Yahoo!/Finance

Media Extracts*
Việt Nam cùng lúc nâng cấp quan hệ với Úc và Mỹ có làm Trung Quốc tức giận?
Will Vietnam upgrade relations with Australia and the US at the same time, making China
angry?
Đồng quan điểm, Giáo sư Carl Thayer thuộc Học viện Quốc phòng Úc [Professor Carl Thayer
of the Australian Defence Force Academy] khẳng định Australia và Việt Nam chắc chắn sẽ
đạt được thỏa thuận nâng tầm quan hệ song phương từ Đối tác chiến lược lên Đối tác chiến
lược toàn diện trong năm nay:
“Lãnh đạo hai bên đã đạt được sự đồng thuận về vấn đề này. Có vẻ như chuyến thăm hiện
tại của Ngoại trưởng Penny Wong chỉ là đang hoàn tất những khâu cuối cùng.”…
Giáo sư Carl Thayer cho biết việc nâng cấp quan hệ song phương của Việt Nam có liên quan
nhiều đến sự thay đổi liên kết địa chính trị và sự phân cực của hệ thống quốc tế hơn là chỉ
với Trung Quốc.

*
Includes media extracts not included in Thayer Consultancy Monthly Report – August 2023.
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Giáo sư này phân tích, Việt Nam có quan hệ đối tác với 30 quốc gia. Trong đó có bốn Đối
tác chiến lược toàn diện, 13 Đối tác chiến lược và 13 đối tác toàn diện. Chính sách “đa dạng
hóa và đa phương hóa” quan hệ của Việt Nam cho phép Việt Nam tận dụng sự khác biệt
giữa các cường quốc khác nhau để duy trì quyền tự chủ chiến lược của mình. Nói cách khác,
Việt Nam ưa thích sự cân bằng năng động trong quan hệ đối ngoại.
Không gian hành động của Việt Nam đang bị thu hẹp trước sự phân cực của hệ thống quốc
tế. Nga đang bị suy yếu do cuộc chiến ở Ukraine, bởi các biện pháp trừng phạt của phương
Tây và phải phụ thuộc vào Trung Quốc. Trung Quốc đang tăng cường sức mạnh nhờ hiện
đại hóa quân sự và “mối quan hệ đối tác không giới hạn” với Nga:
“Khả năng tận dụng sự cạnh tranh giữa các cường quốc của Việt Nam không chỉ giảm sút
mà sự chậm lại của nền kinh tế toàn cầu cùng với những khó khăn kinh tế của Trung Quốc
đang làm giảm nguồn lực sẵn có của Việt Nam trong các hoạt động đối ngoại.”
Giáo sư Carl Thayer cho rằng với bối cảnh này, Việt Nam cần phải mở rộng hợp tác kinh tế
với Hoa Kỳ cũng như các đồng minh và đối tác để tiếp cận các công nghệ mới nhằm thúc
đẩy nền kinh tế. Năm ngoái, Việt Nam đã nâng Hàn Quốc lên thành đối tác chiến lược toàn
diện cùng với Nga, Ấn Độ và Trung Quốc. Úc đã sẵn sàng gia nhập nhóm này. Quan hệ với
Mỹ dường như cũng đang trên đà được nâng lên thành đối tác chiến lược:
“Tóm lại, do nước Nga suy yếu và phụ thuộc vào Trung Quốc, còn Ấn Độ, Nhật Bản
và Australia đã tiến gần hơn đến Hoa Kỳ, Việt Nam đang vì vậy cũng phải điều chỉnh lại lập
trường của mình để tận dụng các mối quan hệ mới này. Việt Nam đặt mục tiêu củng cố
quyền tự chủ chiến lược của mình mà không liên kết chống lại Trung Quốc.”
Phản ứng nào từ Trung Quốc?
Trước động thái xích lại gần hơn với phương Tây và Mỹ của Việt Nam, Giáo sư Carl Thayer
dự đoán Trung Quốc sẽ phải đánh giá lại các cơ chế hiện tại và ra quyết định những điều
chỉnh cần thực hiện đối với chính sách đối ngoại để ngăn chặn sự xói mòn về tầm ảnh
hưởng của Trung Quốc trong khu vực, nhằm đáp trả QUAD, AUKUS và mối quan hệ đối tác
ba bên gần đây giữa Hoa Kỳ, Nhật Bản và Hàn Quốc. Đồng thời, Trung Quốc sẽ tiếp tục xây
dựng và hiện đại hóa quân đội như một mục tiêu dài hạn.
Tuy nhiên, ông cho rằng Trung Quốc không muốn các cường quốc phân cực hơn nữa bởi
họ cũng cần tiếp cận thị trường Mỹ và châu Âu để tăng trưởng kinh tế. Ngoài ra:
“Lợi ích của Trung Quốc cũng không được đáp ứng bằng cách tăng cường đe dọa và chống
lại các quốc gia có tuyên bố chủ quyền ở Biển Đông vì điều đó chỉ tạo cơ hội cho Hoa Kỳ can
thiệp. Tuy nhiên, Trung Quốc có thể sẽ tiếp tục sử dụng các hoạt động vùng xám để đối phó
với từng sự kiện cụ thể để củng cố các tuyên bố chủ quyền lãnh hải của Trung Quốc.”
Riêng đối với Việt Nam, giáo sư Carl cho biết Trung Quốc đã cảnh báo Việt Nam không nên
bị Mỹ lôi kéo. Chừng nào Việt Nam còn tuân thủ chính sách “bốn không” thì Trung Quốc sẽ
hành động một cách kiềm chế.
“Bốn không” bao gồm không tham gia bất kỳ liên minh quân sự nào, không đứng về phía
nước này chống lại nước khác, không cho phép nước khác thiết lập căn cứ quân sự hoặc
sử dụng lãnh thổ của mình để thực hiện các hoạt động quân sự chống lại nước khác, không
sử dụng vũ lực hoặc đe dọa sử dụng vũ lực trong quan hệ quốc tế:
9

“Trung Quốc sẽ đáp trả việc nâng cấp quan hệ Mỹ - Việt bằng cách tăng cường hợp tác
chính trị - ngoại giao cấp cao với Việt Nam. Trung Quốc sẽ thực hiện các bướđể giải quyết
những vấn đề của Việt Nam về tiếp cận thị trường và đầu tư.
Tóm lại, cách tiếp cận của Trung Quốc với Việt Nam cũng sẽ phản ánh chính sách hiện tại
của Bắc Kinh trong việc cố gắng cải thiện quan hệ với Australia và Philippines.”
Radio Free Asia, Vietnamese, August 24, 2023
https://www.rfa.org/vietnamese/in_depth/does-vietnam-upgrade-its-relations-with-
australia-and-the-us-make-china-angry-08242023135104.html

Việt Nam vừa muốn mua vũ khí của Nga vừa muốn nâng cấp quan hệ với Mỹ?
Vietnam wants to buy weapons from Russia and upgrade relations with the US?
Những trở ngại khi VN mua vũ khí của Nga
Theo GS Carl Thayer từ Đại học New Southe Wales của Úc [Professor Carl
Thayer and the University of New South Wales in Australia], Nga tổ chức hội nghị lần này
nhằm đẩy lùi liên minh quốc tế do Hoa Kỳ lãnh đạo vốn tìm cách cô lập Nga và áp đặt các biện
pháp trừng phạt đối với nền kinh tế của nước này vì xâm lược Ukraine.
Theo quan điểm của Moscow, sự tham dự của các đại biểu từ 76 quốc gia Châu Á - Thái Bình
Dương, Châu Phi và Châu Mỹ Latinh là bằng chứng cho thấy Nga không bị cô lập trên phạm vi
quốc tế.
Con át chủ bài của Nga trong quan hệ với châu Á - Thái Bình Dương là việc bán vũ khí và công
nghệ quân sự hiện đại tiên tiến.
Theo GS Carl Thayer, từ khi Nga sáp nhập Crimea, việc Việt Nam mua vũ khí từ Nga giảm
nhanh chóng từ hơn một tỷ USD năm 2014 xuống dưới 100 triệu USD vào năm 2021.
Năm 2021, Đại hội toàn quốc lần thứ XIII của Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam thông qua chương trình
hiện đại hóa lớn nhất trong lịch sử Quân đội nhân dân Việt Nam dưới khẩu hiệu "Xây dựng
quân đội tinh gọn và vững mạnh vào năm 2025 và quân đội nhân dân cách mạng, chính quy,
tiên tiến, hiện đại vào năm 2030." Hai tuần sau khi chương trình hiện đại hóa quân sự được
thông qua, Nga xâm chiếm Ukraine.
Kể từ khi Nga xâm lược Ukraine, Việt Nam tạm ngừng mua sắm vũ khí.
GS Carl Thayer nhận định rằng Việt Nam hiện đang ở ngã ba đường.
Việt Nam phụ thuộc vào Nga về vũ khí và quân sự công nghệ quân sự vì di sản khổng lồ của
Liên Xô cũ là các tàu chiến, tàu ngầm, máy bay chiến đấu đa chức năng, áo giáp, pháo binh và
tên lửa.
Có vẻ rõ ràng từ phát biểu của Bộ trưởng Quốc phòng Nga Shoigu rằng Nga mong Việt Nam
sẽ tiếp tục mua vũ khí và công nghệ quân sự của Nga.
Tuy nhiên, Việt Nam đang có kế hoạch nâng cao quan hệ song phương với Hoa Kỳ thành quan
hệ đối tác chiến lược. Nếu Việt Nam chọn tham gia thị trường quốc phòng Mỹ thì có nguy cơ
bị Trung Quốc gây áp lực buộc Nga phải cắt giảm hỗ trợ quốc phòng hỗ trợ cho Việt Nam.
10

"Có thể suy đoán rằng áp lực của Trung Quốc đối với Nga hoặc việc Nga tính toán được mức
độ rủi ro đã ngăn chặn việc bán tên lửa hành trình BrahMos cho Việt Nam," GS Carl Thayer
phân tích.
Nhưng nếu Việt Nam tiếp tục mua sắm vũ khí và công nghệ quân sự với giá trị lớn từ Nga thì
nước này có thể phải đối mặt với các lệnh trừng phạt của Mỹ trong khuôn khổ Đạo luật Chống
lại kẻ thù của Mỹ thông qua trừng phạt.
Điều này có thể dẫn đến giả định là quan hệ đối tác chiến lược 'chết yểu', theo nhận định của
GS Carl Thayer.
BBC Vietnamese, August 25, 2023
https://www.bbc.com/vietnamese/vietnam-66612965

Các lĩnh vực ưu tiên hợp tác


Priority areas for cooperation
Nếu Việt Nam và Mỹ đồng ý nâng cấp quan hệ lên đối tác chiến lược, hai nước có khả năng sẽ
ưu tiên 5 lĩnh vực: thương mại cân bằng và bền vững; chuỗi cung ứng an toàn và linh hoạt; cơ
sở hạ tầng kỹ thuật số;biến đổi khí hậu và chuyển đổi xanh; và tăng học bổng cho người Việt
du học tại Mỹ.
Nếu quan hệ đối tác chiến lược được thiết lập, các quan chức cấp cao của Mỹ đến thăm Việt
Nam sẽ được gặp “tứ trụ”, gồm Tổng bí thư, Thủ tướng, Chủ tịch nước và Chủ tịch Quốc hội.
Ngay sau khi đạt được thỏa thuận về quan hệ đối tác chiến lược, hai bên sẽ đàm phán một kế
hoạch hành động nhiều năm, bao gồm các mục tiêu cụ thể.
Hiện nay, quan hệ đối tác toàn diện Việt-Mỹ bao gồm 9lĩnh vực hợp tác: chính trị - ngoại
giao; quan hệ thương mại và kinh tế; khoa học-công nghệ; giáo dục; môi trường và sức
khỏe; vấn đề di sản chiến tranh; quốc phòng-an ninh; thúc đẩy và bảo vệ quyền con người;và
văn hóa, du lịch, thể thao. Hai bên đã đạt được những tiến bộ đáng kể trong tất cả 9 lĩnh vực,
nhất là thương mại và kinh tế. Về hợp tác môi trường, chính quyền của Tổng thống Mỹ
Joe Biden đã ưu tiên giảm thiểu tác động của biến đổi khí hậu và chú trọng phát triển bền
vững của Tiểu vùng Mekong. Chính quyền Biden đã nhấn mạnh đến các vấn đề y tế công
cộng như phòng chống COVID-19, thành lập Trung tâm Kiểm soát bệnh tật Hà Nội. Hợp tác
quốc phòng-an ninh đã chứng kiến Mỹ hỗ trợ an ninh hàng hải của Việt Nam và lực lượng gìn
giữ hòa bình của Liên Hợp Quốc…
GS Carlyle Thayer (Đại học New South Wales, Học viện Quốc phòng Úc) [Professor Carl Thayer
(University of New South Wales, Australian Defence Force Academy)]
Báo Tiền Phong [Pioneer Newspaper[, August 31, 2023

“Nỗ lực nâng cao vai trò trung tâm của ASEAN (Now is the time to strengthen ASEAN
centrality),” Thời sự 19h VTV1 (7pm News, Vietnam National Television), Carl Thayer
interviewed at 24-02 to 24:29 minute mark, September 3, 2023. https://vtv.vn/video/thoi-su-
19h-vtv1-03-9-2023-638562.htm.
11

US, Philippine warships practice ‘division tactics’ near flashpoint in South China Sea
Second Thomas Shoal will likely remain a point of contention between the two countries,
largely due to the presence of the Sierra Madre, according to Carlyle Thayer, an emeritus
professor at the University of New South Wales and a lecturer at the Australian Defence Force
Academy.
Alex Wilson, Stars and Stripes, September 5, 2023.
https://www.stripes.com/branches/navy/2023-09-05/navy-philippines-warships-south-
china-sea-11269918.html.

Trade: President Joe Biden’s Trip to Pave Way for Vietnam-U.S. FTA: Harvard Professor
Professor Carl Thayer from the University of New South Wales and Australian Defense Force
Academy said that trade and investment remain the core of the Vietnam-U.S. relationship.
The United States desires a safe and flexible semiconductor supply chain from Vietnam, while
Vietnam looks for greater investment and access to the U.S. market in the context of the
volatile global economy.
The Vietnam visit of U.S. Secretary of the Treasury Janet L. Yellen in July has reinforced the
U.S. commitment to support Vietnam in economic reform and global integration, promoting
operational transformation in the goods supply chain, to give Vietnam a privileged position in
the U.S. global supply chain, he commented.
Vietnam News Brief Service, September 6, 2023
Dow Jones Factiva

US, Vietnam seek comprehensive strategic partnership amid China’s clout, polarised world
Carl Thayer, professor emeritus at the University of New South Wales and a specialist on
Vietnamese defence, said Vietnam had long tried to avoid putting a label on its relationship
with the US beyond that of the “comprehensive partnership” that was signed in 2013, even
as Washington lobbied for an official upgrade.
Since the beginning of Biden’s administration, a fourth of his cabinet has travelled to
Vietnam across multiple visits.
“Ever since the Biden Administration took office, senior US officials such as Vice-
President Kamala Harris and Secretary of Defence Lloyd Austin sounded out their
Vietnamese interlocutors about the possibility of raising bilateral relations to a strategic
partnership,” said Thayer, adding that the response had been “lukewarm at best”.
But in the wake of the trade wars of the Trump era as well as the more recent Russian
invasion of Ukraine, Thayer said Vietnam had been losing options for balancing relations in
an increasingly polarised world.
“These geopolitical developments narrowed Vietnam’s ability to leverage of differences
among the major powers. Vietnam’s options were not only shrinking, but its ambitious plans
to become a modern industrial country with a high income were seriously threatened,” said
Thayer, adding that leveraging its relationship with the US appeared to be its best option.
12

The resulting comprehensive strategic partnership, said Thayer, would be “definitely more
than symbolic”.
“What matters is the political intent of both parties behind a joint statement indicating an
elevation in relations. The intent will be revealed when senior officials later draw up a multi-
year Plan of Action,” he said.
The US would be keen to help Vietnam create secure and resilient supply chains for
semiconductors and other high-value electronic products, said Thayer. Simultaneously,
Washington would also push for reforms in Hanoi’s regulatory environment to encourage
American investment.
Bac Pham and Bennett Murry, South China Morning Post, September 7, 2023
https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/politics/article/3233632/us-vietnam-seek-
comprehensive-strategic-partnership-amid-chinas-clout-polarised-world.

Biden will visit Hanoi to sign a deal bringing the ex-enemies closer together
SULLIVAN: Semiconductor production is one area American companies are especially
interested in. But this upgraded partnership doesn't mean Vietnam is picking sides in the
rivalry between the U.S. and China, says carl Thayer, professor emeritus at the University of
New South Wales.
CARL THAYER: Vietnam has a policy of four noes that won't change - no military alliances, no
foreign bases, no combining with one country to act against a third party and no first use of
force.
SULLIVAN: But despite the four noes, closer defense cooperation between the US. and
Vietnam could still be in the offing. Thayer says Hanoi's main weapons supplier, Russia, is now
toxic because of the war in Ukraine and that Hanoi is now searching for alternatives. It held a
major defense expo last year, which U.S. defense contractors attended. It plans another soon,
and...
THAYER: Vietnam has a draft law before the National Assembly that will allow its private-
sector industries to form joint ventures with overseas foreign defense contractors, meaning
America. And that would be a new avenue, would mean sales for the U.S.
SULLIVAN: None of this, of course, will make China happy, but Vietnam is hoping its fellow
communist neighbor won't be too unhappy. China remains Vietnam's largest trading partner,
just as the U.S. remains Hanoi's biggest export market, and Hanoi would like to keep both on
side. Carl Thayer.
THAYER: A Vietnamese diplomat with long service in America used an expression the
"Goldilocks" formula. And it's we don't want relations between the U.S. and China to get too
cold - angry. We don't want them to get too hot like lovers. We want them just right so we
can play off on those differences.
Michael Sullivan, NPR (National Public Radio) News, September 8, 2023
https://www.npr.org/transcripts/1198373641
Reprinted:
KCBX FM, Central Coast Public Radio, September 8, 2023
13

https://www.kcbx.org/2023-09-08/biden-will-visit-hanoi-to-sign-a-deal-bringing-the-ex-
enemies-closer-together
Texas Public Radio, September 8, 2023
https://www.tpr.org/2023-09-08/biden-will-visit-hanoi-to-sign-a-deal-bringing-the-ex-
enemies-closer-together
WUNC, North Carolina Public Radio, September 8, 2023
https://www.wunc.org/2023-09-08/biden-will-visit-hanoi-to-sign-a-deal-bringing-the-ex-
enemies-closer-together

Biden Due in Vietnam Sunday for a Parley Over the Possibility of Making Common Cause
Against China
“Vietnam has decided to upgrade its relations with the United States because of changes in
the global strategic environment,” says an Australian consultant, Carlyle Thayer, who analyzes
Asian issues.
Donald Kirk, The New York Sun, September 8, 2023
https://www.nysun.com/article/biden-due-in-vietnam-sunday-for-a-parley-over-the-
possibility-of-making-common-cause-against-china.

Việt Nam chìa tay với Mỹ và những cử chỉ đặc biệt


Vietnam extended its hand to America and made special gestures
‘Bước đi thực dụng’
“Đưa quan hệ với Mỹ lên ngang hàng với Nga và Trung Quốc là bước đi thực dụng và cần
thiết để đảm bảo lợi ích quốc gia của Việt Nam,” Giáo sư Carl Thayer từ Học viện Quốc
phòng Úc [Professor Carl Thayer at the Australian Defence Force Academy] giải thích với
VOA tại sao Hà Nội tăng hai bậc quan hệ với Mỹ.
Ông cho rằng điều này sẽ giúp Việt Nam tiếp cận đầu tư và các công nghệ mới nổi để đạt
được các mục tiêu phát triển kinh tế-xã hội dài hạn.
Giáo sư Thayer lưu ý là chính quyền Biden trước đó chỉ thúc đẩy nâng cấp quan hệ lên mức
đối tác chiến lược nhưng ‘chính phía Việt Nam lại muốn nâng lên đối tác chiến lược toàn
diện’.
Bước đi này của Việt Nam thực dụng là vì nước này đang nhìn thấy môi trường địa chính trị
quốc tế ngày càng phân cực, tăng trưởng toàn cầu suy giảm, nước Nga bị suy yếu và cô lập
còn Trung Quốc vật lộn với những khó khăn kinh tế. “Tất cả những điều này đang đe dọa
mục tiêu của Việt Nam trở thành quốc gia có thu nhập cao vào năm 2045,” ông giải thích.
Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam đã đặt ra hai mục tiêu trăm năm, trong đó mục tiêu trăm năm thứ
hai nhân kỷ niệm 100 năm ngày lập quốc là Việt Nam sẽ trở thành nước có thu nhập cao
ngang với các nước phát triển vào năm 2045.
Trong bối cảnh đó, Việt Nam rất cần các công nghệ mới và đầu tư từ các nền kinh tế phát
triển, với Mỹ là nước được ưu ái đặc biệt là vì là thị trường xuất khẩu lớn nhất và cũng vì Mỹ
14

chưa tham gia vào bất cứ hiệp định tự do thương mại nào với Việt Nam, vị giáo sư này chỉ
ra.
Cũng có cùng nhận định với Giáo sư Carl Thayer, ông Đinh Kim Phúc, một nhà nghiên cứu về
Biển Đông ở thành phố Hồ Chí Minh, cho rằng kinh tế, chứ không phải an ninh, mới chính là
nhân tố chủ chốt thúc đẩy Hà Nội muốn kết thân hơn nữa với Mỹ…
‘Vượt qua đảng phái’
Giáo sư Carl Thayer thì cho rằng Việt Nam trong hai năm qua đã điều chỉnh khái niệm ‘đối
tác’ (để hợp tác) và ‘đối tượng’ (để đấu tranh) và ranh giới giữa hai khái niệm này không còn
rạch ròi nữa…
Giáo sư Carl Thayer thì cho rằng mức độ tin tưởng giữa hai cựu thù ý thức hệ này giờ đây
‘rất cao’ vì Mỹ đã ‘ngầm thừa nhận vai trò tối cao của Đảng Cộng sản trong chế độ chính trị
của Việt Nam’.
“Việc chính quyền Biden tái xác nhận sự tôn trọng đối với chủ quyền và chế độ chính trị của
Việt Nam đã đặt dấu chấm hết cho suy nghĩ rằng Mỹ muốn tìm cách thay đổi chế độ chính
trị ở Việt Nam,” ông nói.
Cần Mỹ hơn Trung?
Khi được hỏi Việt Nam phải xử lý như thế nào với mối quan hệ đối tác chiến lược cùng lúc
với cả Trung Quốc và Mỹ - hai siêu cường đang cạnh tranh chiến lược gay gắt – ông Thayer
nói Hà Nội ‘sẽ không đi theo cả Bắc Kinh lẫn Washington’ và sẽ tiếp tục duy trì phương châm
‘4 Không’.
“Việt Nam sẽ có đòn bẩy mạnh hơn với cả hai siêu cường khi quan hệ với Mỹ được nâng cấp
và sẽ cùng với các nước khác kêu gọi Bắc Kinh và Washington giải quyết vấn đề với nhau để
không ảnh hưởng đến thế giới,” giáo sư Thayer phân tích
Voice of America, September 8, 2023
https://www.voatiengviet.com/a/viet-nam-chia-tay-voi-my-va-nhung-cu-chi-dac-
biet/7259928.html.

Upgrade in ties on the cards as Biden set for Hanoi visit


Carl Thayer, professor emeritus at the University of New South Wales and a specialist on
Vietnamese defence, said Vietnam had long tried to avoid putting a label on its relationship
with the US beyond that of the “comprehensive partnership” that was signed in 2013, even
as Washington lobbied for an official upgrade.
Since the beginning of Biden’s administration, a fourth of his cabinet has travelled to Vietnam
across multiple visits.
“Ever since the Biden Administration took office, senior US officials such as Vice-President
Kamala Harris and Secretary of Defence Lloyd Austin sounded out their Vietnamese inter-
locutors about raising bilateral relations to a strategic partnership,” Thayer said, adding the
response had been “lukewarm at best”.
But in the wake of the trade wars of the Trump era as well as the more recent Russian invasion
of Ukraine, Thayer said Vietnam had been losing options for balancing relations in an
increasingly polarised world.
15

“These geopolitical developments narrowed Vietnam’s ability to leverage differences among


the major powers. Vietnam’s options were not only shrinking, but its ambitious plans to
become a modern industrial country with a high income were seriously threatened,” Thayer
said, adding that leveraging its relationship with the US appeared to be its best option.
The resulting comprehensive strategic partnership, Thayer said, would be “definitely more
than symbolic”.
“What matters is the political intent of both parties behind a joint statement indicating an
elevation in relations. The intent will be revealed when senior officials later draw up a multi-
year Plan of Action,” he said.
The US would be keen to help Vietnam create secure and resilient supply chains for
semiconductors and other high-value electronic products, Thayer said. Simultaneously, the
US would also push for reforms in Hanoi’s regulatory environment to encourage American
investment.
Bac Pham and Bennett Murray, South China Morning Post, September 8, 2023
Dow Jones Factiva

Vietnam Chases Secret Russian Arms Deal, Even as It Deepens U.S. Ties
“Every contract with Russia goes with money under the table or something under the
table,” said Carlyle A. Thayer, an emeritus professor at the University of New South Wales
Canberra and an expert on the Vietnamese military. “Are Vietnamese generals going to
want to give that up?”
Hannah Beech, The New York Times, September 9, 2023
https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/09/world/asia/vietnam-russia-arms-deal.html

Biden’s Hanoi trip buttressed by trade


Yet the shift is not only about Hanoi and Washington’s concerns about Beijing’s growing
assertiveness in the South China Sea.
It’s being driven as much by the “slowing of global economic growth plus China’s economic
difficulties,” said Carl Thayer, a Vietnam expert and emeritus professor at the Australian
Defense Force Academy in Canberra, with Hanoi, too, looking for more trade opportunities.
“Vietnam will be at pains to mollify China that it is not joining an anti-China coalition,”
Thayer said, with any upgrade ultimately not changing too much in the substance of the
bilateral relationship…
“What sets these three tiers apart is the seniority of members on the bilateral coordinating
mechanisms and the frequency of meetings,” he said. “Generally, high-level officials from
strategic partners gain access to Vietnam’s ‘four pillars’ of leadership: party general
secretary, prime minister, state president and chairman of the National Assembly.”
Alex Willemyns, Radio Free Asia, September 9, 2023
https://www.rfa.org/english/news/vietnam/biden-hanoi-trade-09082023114849.html
16

Vietnam and U.S. Forge Deeper Ties as Worries Rise About China
For much of its history, Vietnam has been a close partner of Russia, the top supplier of
weapons to the Southeast Asia state. But Russia’s invasion of Ukraine stirred anxiety in
Vietnam, leaving leaders increasingly worried about managing its traditional alliances with
Russia and China in a more polarized world, said Carlyle Thayer, emeritus professor of politics
at the University of New South Wales in Sydney.
Sui-Lee Wee, The New York Times, September 9, 2023
https://www.nytimes.com/live/2023/09/10/world/biden-vietnam-g20-summit

Biden Seeks Stronger Vietnam Ties in Bid to Counter China


Vietnam’s outreach to the U.S. is part of a broader strategy to deepen its ties with many
foreign nations, said Carlyle Thayer, emeritus professor at the University of New South Wales,
Canberra, and an expert on Vietnam. Economic growth in China is slowing. Russia, a longtime
supporter, has been weakened and isolated by its invasion of Ukraine. Last year, Vietnam
upgraded its relations with South Korea, and Hanoi is deepening ties with Australia, Japan and
Singapore, as well. “This is part of a new game by Vietnam,” Thayer said.
Jon Emont, The Wall Street Journal, September 10, 2023
https://www.wsj.com/world/asia/biden-seeks-stronger-vietnam-ties-in-bid-to-counter-
china-605517dfb.

US President Biden visits Vietnam: Wartime foes to highest-level partners?


Vietnam has skilfully balanced its relations with larger powers and it is not about to abandon
that approach now, said Carl Thayer, emeritus professor at the Australian Defence Force
Academy at the University of New South Wales.
What has changed, however, is that Vietnam sees the importance of deepening economic ties
with the US when China’s economy is “in deep trouble” and the global economy is slowing.
China’s extended COVID-19 lockdown not only hurt its own economy but also had a severe
impact on Vietnam’s – as China is Vietnam’s largest trade partner.
The elevating of relations to a comprehensive strategic partnership is “mainly about
economics and technology”, Thayer said, adding that such a move is not Hanoi being drawn
into “an anti-China alliance” with the US.
“Vietnam will not take a step, in my view, with the US that threatens China’s core interest or
give the impression that Vietnam is aligning against China,” Thayer told Al Jazeera.
Kevin Doyle, Sen Nguyen, Al Jazeera English, September 10, 2023

https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/9/9/us-president-biden-visits-vietnam-wartime-
foes-to-highest-level-partners

Biden Seeks Stronger Vietnam Ties in Bid to Counter China


Vietnam's outreach to the U.S. is part of a strategy to deepen its ties with many foreign
nations, said Carlyle Thayer, emeritus professor at the University of New South Wales,
17

Canberra, and an expert on Vietnam. Economic growth in China is slowing. Russia, a longtime
supporter, has been weakened and isolated by its invasion of Ukraine. Last year, Vietnam
upgraded its relations with South Korea, and Hanoi is deepening ties with Australia, Japan and
Singapore, as well. "This is part of a new game by Vietnam," Thayer said.
Jon Emont, Catherine Lucey and Katy Stech Ferek, The Wall Street Journal Online, September
11, 2023
https://www.wsj.com/world/asia/biden-seeks-stronger-vietnam-ties-in-bid-to-counter-
china-605517df

US, Vietnam raise relations to highest level


Even so, Vietnam watcher Carl Thayer said raising the relationship with the U.S. to a
comprehensive strategic partnership does not signal a Vietnamese shift away from Beijing
toward Washington.
“Vietnam will manage the new relations by not aligning with either China or the United
States,” said the emeritus professor at the Australian Defense Force Academy in
Canberra…
“The U.S. is de-risking its dependence on China,” Thayer said. “Some U.S. companies are
relocating to Vietnam. The U.S. needs alternate sources of semiconductors.”
Mike Firn, Benar News, September 11, 2023
https://www.benarnews.org/english/news/philippine/improved-relations-
09112023154024.html

“Quan hệ kinh tế Việt-Mỹ cần được nâng cấp (Vietnams-America economic relations need
to be upgraded,” Tiền Phong, September 11, 2023, 4.

International scholars see opportunities for VN from Biden’s visit


Prof Carl Thayer from Australia, a scholar with deep understanding about Vietnam,
commented that Biden’s administration aims to lay down the foundation for the
comprehensive partnership.
US Vice President Kamala Harris and Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin paid official visits to
Vietnam to discuss on enhancing bilateral capacity of the strategic partnership.
Following a phone call, three members of the US cabinet went to Vietnam for detailed
negotiations, including Secretary of State Anthony Blinken, Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen
and Trade Representative Katherine Tai.
Thayer commented that the visits to Vietnam by Obama and Biden demonstrate the
continuation of the US policy on assisting Vietnam in implementing legal and economic
reforms necessary to integrate more deeply into the global economy.
Lan Anh, Vietnam Net, September 11, 2023
18

https://vietnamnet.vn/en/international-scholars-see-opportunities-for-vn-from-biden-s-
visit-2186948.html.

President Biden’s visit set to catalyze high-quality investment in Vietnam


Eminent Vietnam expert Carl Thayer said trade and investment are the core of the bilateral
relationship. “The U.S. seeks a secure and resilient semiconductor supply chain from Vietnam.
Vietnam seeks greater investment and market access to the U.S. given the downturn in the
global economy and China’s economic difficulties.”
U.S. businessmen have begun to relocate some of their commercial investments and
production from China to Vietnam. At the same time, they also see economic opportunities
in Vietnam because of its political stability and young, productive work force, he added
Vietnam News Summary, September 11, 2023
Dow Jones Factiva

Fresh US investment likely on back of presidential visit


“The US and Vietnam have become trusted partners based on years of dealing with each
other,” said Carl Thayer, emeritus professor at the University of New South Wales. “The US
and its private sector corporations are major developers and players in AI and quantum
computing technologies. Vietnam would benefit from their direct investment, joint ventures
with Vietnamese partners, the transfer of management and technical skills, and market
access.
Thanh Da, Vietnam Investment Review, September 12, 2023
Dow Jones Factiva

ASEAN Remains Divided Over China's Assertiveness in South China Sea


"ASEAN's disunity on Chinese assertiveness in the South China Sea has been on display for
over a decade after Cambodia, as ASEAN chair in 2012, refused to include a reference in the
Chairman's Statement," Carl Thayer, professor emeritus of politics at the University of New
South Wales Canberra, said in an email to VOA Khmer.
Thayer said that although Indonesia, which is this year's chair, mentioned in the Chairman's
Statement that some ASEAN members expressed concerns about Beijing's land reclamations
in the South China Sea, military activities and serious incidents in the area, "there is nothing
ASEAN can do collectively to alter the 'facts on the ground' except name and shame China."
"China can easily exert pressure on ASEAN member states to prevent consensus forming to
take more assertive action," he said. "China could use punitive economic sanctions against
any country that attempted to stand up to China."
Chetra Chap, Voice of Americas, September 12, 2023
https://www.voanews.com/a/asean-remains-divided-over-china-s-assertiveness-in-south-
china-sea/7264923.html
Reprinted:
19

ASEAN Remains Divided Over China’s Assertiveness in South China Sea


Voice of America Press Releases and Documents, September 12, 2023
Dow Jones Factiva
Global Security, September 13, 2023
Dow Jones Factiva

Cambodian PM Hun Manet heads to China in early diplomatic push


"China's the major relationship," said Southeast Asia analyst Carl Thayer, a professor emeritus
at Australia's University of New South Wales. "There are no real alternatives [for Cambodia]
other than support from China."…
Hun Manet's West Point connections could open some "possibilities" for improving ties with
the U.S., but he'll likely "go with the flow" on China, said Thayer at the University of New
South Wales.
"But he's finding his way and he's doing what he has to do -- he's got to touch all the bases as
a new prime minister," he added.
Shaun Turton, Nikkei Asia, September 14, 2023
https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/Cambodia-s-new-leadership/Cambodian-PM-Hun-Manet-
heads-to-China-in-early-diplomatic-push

Beijing scrambles to bolster relationship with Vietnam as Hanoi elevates ties with the US
"Party-to-party ties are a special conduit for bilateral relations," said Carl Thayer, emeritus
professor at the University of New South Wales in Australia and a Southeast Asia specialist.
"[They] trump the state's foreign policy bureaucracy in times of tension or on particularly
important issues in dispute."…
According to Thayer, Vietnam's improving ties with the US, Hanoi's largest export market, has
been driven largely by economic interests as well as renewed tensions in the South China Sea,
where both China and Vietnam claim a large part of the contested waterways.
"Vietnam has recast its long-standing policy of 'cooperation and struggle' to remove
ideological restraints in favour of practical outcomes in foreign relations that serve the
national interest," he said. He added that Vietnam also improved ties with South Korea last
year and planned to do likewise with Australia and Indonesia soon…
Thayer also said China's party diplomacy did not play a significant role in relations with
Southeast Asian states that are not socialist.
"This line is blurred when Xi travels abroad because he is both general decretary of the
Chinese Communist Party and president of the People's Republic of China. Party diplomacy is
intermittent and lacks a permanent presence in contrast to the overseas network of foreign
ministry diplomats," he said.
Shi Jiangtao, South China Morning Post, September 17, 2023
Dow Jones Factiva
20

Reprinted:
Beijing scrambles to bolster relationship with Vietnam as Hanoi elevates ties with the US
Yahoo!/Finance, September 17, 2023
https://finance.yahoo.com/news/beijing-scrambles-bolster-relationship-vietnam-
093000484.html
Beijing Sends Top Envoy to Tighten Ties with Hanoi
Shi Jiangtao, South China Morning Post, September 18, 2023, page A7.
Dow Jones Factiva

Chip cooperation to underpin US capital


“Semiconductors are of vital importance to US manufacturing. The US and Vietnam have
become trusted partners based on years of dealing with each other,” said Carl Thayer,
emeritus professor at the University of New South Wales. “The US has chosen to prioritise AI
and quantum computing because these are the frontier technologies for the future. Vietnam
has also set priority on Industry 4.0 technology, so the views of Vietnam and the US are
congruent. The US would also like to develop green energy technology with Vietnam.”
Vietnam Investment Review in Vietnam Net Global, September 20, 2023
https://vietnamnet.vn/en/chip-cooperation-to-underpin-us-capital-2191679.html

Amid US-China rivalry, 'big winner' Vietnam walks a diplomatic tightrope to avoid getting
'caught in the crossfire'
For Vietnam, these interests encompass the goal of becoming a modern industrial country
prioritising semiconductors, electric-vehicle production and the green energy transition, as
outlined during the Vietnamese Communist Party’s 13th National Congress in 2021.
Such “ambitious plans open up opportunities not only for trade and investment but also
human-resources training and development” with both the US and China, said Carl Thayer, a
Southeast Asia regional specialist and emeritus professor at The University of New South
Wales.
The ultimate goal “if Vietnam is to have its cake and eat it too” was for Washington and Beijing
to “find it in their interests to step up economic engagement”, he said.
Some of this engagement with China, such as the relocation of Chinese companies’
production processes to Vietnam, was designed to meet mutual interests, he said.
Thayer said Vietnam had been “the biggest winner” from US-China rivalry so far “because its
primary driver was to secure increased economic cooperation in trade, investment, and
technology transfer from the US and use this as leverage in securing more cooperation from
China”.
He compared this to a previous Vietnamese policy of “cooperation and struggle” aimed at
pursuing relations with China while putting constraints on its US ties to reinforce Hanoi’s
“independence of action” and “strategic autonomy”.
21

Far from being opportunistic, Hanoi had conducted its great-power diplomacy with
“meticulous planning”, Thayer said, citing the elevation of ties with the US by way of example.
That process began with a phone call between Biden and Vietnam’s paramount leader
Nguyen Phu Trong in March, after which Hanoi scoured the 2023 diplomatic calendar and had
pinpointed a meeting with the US president on the sidelines of the G20 Summit in India,
before this idea was itself sidelined after Biden agreed to visit, Thayer said.
“In sum, Vietnam is not explicitly pursuing a policy of hedging so much as consistent
engagement with both China and the US,” he said…
The eventual aim, Thayer said, was to invite Vietnam’s air force to take part in Exercise Red
Flag, two weeks of advanced aerial combat training drills held several times a year by the US
Air Force, to “provide training and experience in humanitarian assistance, disaster relief,
search and rescue, and command and control missions”.
Maria Siow, South China Morning Post, September 30, 2023.
https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/politics/article/3236309/amid-us-china-rivalry-big-
winner-vietnam-walks-diplomatic-tightrope-avoid-getting-caught-crossfire.
Reprinted:
Maria Siow, “Hanoi’s big hedge,” South China Morning Post, October 1, 2023.

Future Commitments
“Vietnam-US Comprehensive Strategic Partnership: Opportunities and Challenges for
Business and Education Cooperation,” VinUniversity, Hanoi, October 23, 2023.
“Regional Security Challenges in ASEAN,” Paper Presented to International Seminar,
“Contemporary Issues in ASEAN Post ASEAN Summit 2023,” co-hosted by the Center for
Southeast Asian Studies and the Taipei Economic and Trade Office, Jakarta, Indonesia,
October 23, 2023.
Presentation to Fifty Years of Australia-Vietnam Relations, Vietnam Academy of Social
Sciences and the Australian Embassy in Vietnam, Hanoi, October 24, 2023.
“South China Sea: 15 Years On,” Presentation to Session 1, 15th South
China Seas International Conference, sponsored by the Diplomatic Academy of Vietnam, Ho
Chi Minh City October 25-26 2023.
Delegate, Common Security, Lasting Peace, 10th Beijing Xiangshan Forum, Beijing, China, 29-
31 October 2023.
Panelist, “The New Norms – Adapting to Evolving International Security Trends,” Sixth Annual
Protective Security Government (PSG) Conference, sponsored by the Australian Security
Research Centre, QT Canberra, 1 London Circuit, Canberra, November 1, 2023.
“From Geopolitics to Geoeconomics: Southeast Asia in the Whirlwind of Global Competition,”
YSEALI (Young Southeast Asia Leaders Initiative) Academy Public Policy Seminar, Fulbright
University, 27 November – 1 December 2023.
“Vietnam’s COVID-19 Corruption Scandals,” Roundtable, Multimedia Review section, Journal
of Vietnamese Studies, December 15, 2023.
22

“The Roles of the Vietnam Coast Guard, Fisheries Surveillance Force and Maritime Militia in
the Blue Economy,” in Rosalie Arcala Hall and Alex Tan, eds., Beyond Borders: Security,
Economy, and Fisheries in the Maritime Spaces of Southeast Asia, December 2023.
“Naval Modernisation, Strategic Rebalancing, and Security in the First Island Chain, 1949-
1996” Presentation to 3rd Workshop on Operation: Security Strategy, Balance of Power, and
Maritime Diplomacy, sponsored by Rothermere American Institute, University of Oxford,
Singapore, August 2024.
“Naval Modernisation, Strategic Rebalancing, and Security in the First Island Chain, 1949-
1996,” in John Jenner, ed., Bounding Power in the Island Chains: The Efficacy of Maritime
Diplomacy in Sino-American Relations, 1949-1996 (Rothermere American Institute, Oxford
University 2025).
23

THAYER CONSULTANCY PUBLICATIONS


=
BIBLIOGRAPHIES
Australia-Vietnam Relations, 1973-2023: Papers and Presentations by Carlyle A. Thayer,
Thayer Consultancy Bibliography No 1, June 24, 2023.
South China Sea Code of Conduct, 2018-2023: A Bibliography, Thayer Consultancy
Bibliography No. 2, August 6, 2023.
Vietnam’s Relations with the Russian Federation, Thayer Consultancy Bibliography No. 3,
August 16, 2023.

DISCUSSION PAPERS
Rough Waters Ahead for Vietnam-China Relations: A Critical Review, Thayer Consultancy
Discussion Paper No. 1, October 2020.
Vietnam Aligns with China and Plays the United States: A Critique, Thayer Consultancy
Discussion Paper No. 2, March 2023.
Recent Leadership Change in Vietnam: A Critique, Thayer Consultancy Discussion Paper No.
3, March 2023.

READERS
Leadership Change in Vietnam: A Reader, Thayer Consultancy Reader No. 1, April 11, 2023.
Vietnam People’s Army, 2016-2020: A Reader, Thayer Consultancy Reader No. 2, April 12,
2023.
Vietnam People’s Army, 2021-2023: A Reader, Thayer Consultancy Reader No. 3, April 12,
2023.
Vietnam-United States Relations, 2021: A Reader, Thayer Consultancy Reader No. 4, April
19, 2023.
Vietnam-United States Relations, 2022: A Reader, Thayer Consultancy Reader No. 5, April
20, 2023.
Vietnam-United States Relations, 2023: A Reader, Thayer Consultancy Reader No. 6, April
21, 2023.
Vietnam and Australia: Strategic Partners, 2018-2023: A Reader, Thayer Consultancy Reader
No. 7, April 22, 2023.
Revival of the Quad, 2017-2018: A Reader, Thayer Consultancy Reader No. 8, May 15, 2023.
The Quad and the Indo-Pacific, 2019-2013: A Reader, Thayer Consultancy Reader No. 9, May
15, 2023.
Cambodia, 2021-2023: A Reader, Thayer Consultancy Reader No. 10, July 25, 2023.
Vietnam-Russia Relations, 2016-2023: A Reader, Thayer Consultancy Reader No. 11, August
20, 2023.

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