NUR11O1 Integrated Human Anatomy and Physiology

Department of Biology
Institute of Arts and Sciences
Far Eastern University
LABORATORY EXERCISE NO. 3
CELL STRUCTURES AND THEIR FUNCTIONS

Name: Patrick L. Cezar Section: 34 Date Submitted: 09/11/21

I. INTRODUCTION
The cell is the basic unit of life. The cells in the human body provide structure for the
body, take in nutrients from food, convert those nutrients into energy, and carry out
specific functions. Cells also contain the body’s genetic material and can make copies of
themselves.

II. PARTS OF THE CELL

Below is an illustration of the cell. Identify each part with an arrow and label with the
corresponding number for each part.

1. Nucleus 4. Cytoplasm 7. Smooth ER 10. Lysosome 13. Centrosome

2. Nucleolus 5. Ribosome 8. Mitochondrion 11. Peroxisome 14. Centrioles
3. Cell membrane 6. Rough ER 9. Golgi apparatus 12.
Microtubule

1
6 2

10
5
11
7
13

8
9 4

12

14

©
Biofacultymember2020
NUR11O1 Integrated Human Anatomy and Physiology
Department of Biology
Institute of Arts and Sciences
Far Eastern University
Fig. 3 Generalized Cell

III. THE CELL MEMBRANE

Fig. 2 The Cell Membrane

Briefly describe the structure of the cell membrane and how it regulates the movement
of substances in and out of the cell.
The cell membrane is a phospholipid bilayer which is semi-permeable. It contains
hydrophilic head, and a hydrophobic tail, which selectively lets substances cross the
membrane. It also has membrane channels which can be used as entrance or exit by the
substances that cannot pass through the bilayer, and has receptors which serves as
communication to other cells.

IV. ASSESSMENT
Answer each item guided by the specific instructions for each question set.
A. True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.

FALSE 1. The nucleus is the least prominent structure in the cell.

FALSE 2. Cilia protrude from the cell and beat or vibrate.

©
Biofacultymember2020
NUR11O1 Integrated Human Anatomy and Physiology
Department of Biology
Institute of Arts and Sciences
Far Eastern University
TRUE 3. The Golgi body or apparatus is a collection of flat sac-like cisternae that look like a
stack of pancakes; they act as storage warehouses of the cell.

FALSE 4. The folds of the inner membrane of the mitochondrion are called ventricles.

FALSE 5. Cells that have no membrane-bound organelles are called eukaryotic cells.

B. Completion
Complete each sentence or statement.

6. In a solution, SOLUTE atoms or ions of a substance are distributed through the medium.

7. In a colloid, PARTICLE of atoms are distributed throughout the medium.

8. During cell division, chromatin condenses into thick rod-like structures called CHROMATIDS,
which become visible with a light microscope.

9. The NUCLEUS seems to function as a point within the cell where compounds to be secreted by
the cell are collected and concentrated, and where carbohydrates are synthesized.

10. Materials enter and exit the cell through the CELL MEMBRANE.

11. In protein synthesis, the process of copying the genetic information from the DNA molecule
onto the messenger RNA molecule is known as TRANSCRIPTION.

12. The genetic material of a cell is DNA.

13. The folds of the inner membrane of the mitochondria where cellular respiration occurs are
called CRISTAE.

14. Protoplasm outside the nucleus is called CYTOPLASM.

15. A special molecule called RIBOSOMAL RIBONUCLEIC ACID copies the code from the DNA
molecule in the nucleus.

C. Matching Type

Match each statement with the correct item below.

a. protein synthesis d. site of photosynthesis
b. powerhouse of the cell e. cellulose
c. locomotion

©
Biofacultymember2020
NUR11O1 Integrated Human Anatomy and Physiology
Department of Biology
Institute of Arts and Sciences
Far Eastern University
B 16. mitochondrion

A 17. ribosomes

D 18. chloroplasts

E 19. plant cell wall

C 20. flagella

Match each statement with the correct item below.

a. first to observe living cells under a microscope
b. first described cells
c. redistributes chromosomes
d. basic unit of biological organization of the human body
e. channels of the endoplasmic reticulum

C 21. centriole

E 22. cisternae

D 23. cell

A 24. Hooke

B 25. Leeuvenhoek

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Biofacultymember2020