TUYEN TAP DAY DU CAC CHUYEN DE BOI DUONG HQC SINH GIOL TOAN 6 CHUYEN DE 4: CAC DANG TOAN VA PHUONG PHAP CHUNG MINH CHIA HET A. LY THUYET CAN NHO: Dinh nghia: Cho hai sé ty nhién ava b , trong dob #0 . Ta ndi @ chia hét cho 6 néu ton tai sO twnhién g sao cho a = bq. Khi dé ta con néi: @ 1a béi cia b, hoac b la ude cla a Cac tink chit chung: 1) Bat cit s6 nao khéc 0 cling chia hét cho chinh né 2) Tinh chat bac cau: néu a chia hét cho b va b chia hét cho ¢ thi @ chia hét cho c 3) S6 0 chia hét cho moi sé b khac 0 4) Bat ctt s6 nao cing chia hét cho 1 Tinh chat chia hét cia mét téng va hiéu 5) Néu @ va b ciing chia hét cho m thi a+b chia hét chom, a—b chia hét cho m. -H6 qu: Néu téng ctia hai sé chia hét cho m va mdt trong hai sé ay chia hét cho m thi 86 con lai cing chia hét chom 6) Néu mét trong hai sé a va b chia hét chom, sé kia khéng chia hét cho m thi @ + bkhéng chia hét chom, a ~ b khéng chia hét cho m Tinh chat chia hét cia mt tich 7) Néu mét thiza sé cia tich chia hét cho m thi tich chia hét cho m 8) Néu a chia hét cho m va b chia hét cho 77 thi ab chia hét cho mn H@ qua: Néu a chia hét cho b thi a” chia hét cho 6” Mét sé dau higu chia hét Dat A=a,a, 8.8.0, VOI aa, ./.7@,ia,7a, 18 cde \é 86. Khi dé ta 06 cdc du higu chia ‘hét nhu sau: 9 ALD €> ay 12 <> ay € {052;4;6;8} #43 (a, +4, 4.044, +4,)3 0Aid > aayi4 AS 4,35 a, © {0;5}. THCS.TOANMATH.com Trang 1TUYEN TAP DAY DU CAC CHUYEN DE BOI DUONG HQC SINH GIOL TOAN 6 248 > a,0,4, #49. (dy +0, Fanta +a, )'9. 1eo[(q +a, + (a, +4, +...) Ji. 9 A225 > aay 25 9 ANDS <> a0, 125 Dang 1: Chiing minh chia hét Bai 1: Ching minh ring: a, ab+baill b, ab—ba'9 (a>b) ¢, abeabe:7,11,13 Huéng din giai a, Tacé: ab +ba=10a-+b+10b+1=11b+1 16211 b, Ta cd : ab—ba = (10a +b)—(10b +a) =9a-96:9 ¢, Ta c6: abcabe = abe.1001 = abe.7.11.13:7,11,13 Bai 2: Ching minh rang: a, (+10) +15):2 b, n(n+1\(n+2):2,3 cn’ +n+1 khong :4,2,5 Huéng dan giai a, Ta c6: N6u n la $618 thi n+15:2 Néu n la sé chin thi n-+10:2, Nhu vay véi moi n la s6 tue nhién thi : (n+10)(n-+15):2 b, Ta cé: Vi n(n +1)(n+2) la 3 s6 ty nhién lién tiép nén sé cé 1 sé chia hét cho 2,1 sé chia hét cho 3 Ta c6: n(n+1)+1 1a 1 56 1é nén khong chia hét cho 4,2. va 06 chit s6 tan cling khac Ovas Bai 3: Chting minh rang: a, (n+3)(n+6)!2b, n?+n+6 khong ? ¢, aaabbb:37 Huéng dan giai a, Ta c6: Néu n 1a 8 chan thi n+6:2 Néu ne thi 2+3:2, Nhu vay véi moi n 1a s6 tu nhién thi (n+3)(n+6):2 b, Tacd: 0 +n+6=n(n+1)+6, Vi n(n-+1) Ia tich hai sé tw nhién lign tiép nén chi cé chit sé tn cling 1a : 0, 2, 6, do dé :m(n+1)+6 sé cé tan cling 1a 6, 8, 2nén khong ! ¢, Ta cé : aaabbb = aaa000 + bbb = a.11100+5.111= Bai 4: Chiing minh rang: a, aaaia 37 b,ab(a+b):2 , abe—cba'99 Huong din gidi a, Tacé : aaa =a.111= 4.3.37 chia hét cho a va chia hét cho 37 b, Ta 06: Via, b la hai sé ty nhién nén a,b cd cdc TH sau: THI: a, b cing tinh chin lé thi (a +b) 1a 1 s6 chin nhuu vay a+b chia hét cho 2 (00.37 +5.3.37 chia hét cho 37 THCS.TOANMATH.com Trang 2TUYEN TAP DAY DU CAC CHUYEN DE BOI DUONG HQC SINH GIOL TOAN 6 1b khac tinh chin lé thi 1 trong 2 s6 phai c6 1 s6 chin khi dé sé dé chia hét TH2: cho2 ¢, Ta cb: abe cha =100a+10b-+c-(100c+10b +a) =99a-99e = 99(a—c):99 Bai 5: Cheng minh ring : ab+85a:9 Huéng din gidi Ta 06: ab+8ba=10a+b+8(10b +a) =18a+18=18(a+b):9 Bai 6:Cho a,b IN. Ching minh rang: (4a + b):5 <= (a+ 46):5. Huéng din giai => 4(4a+b)!5 => (16a+4b):5 = 15a +(a-+4b):5 => (a+4b):5 (dpem) Bai 7: Chiing minh ring s6 cé dang : abcabe luén chia hét cho 11 Huéng din giai Ta cé: (4a+b): Tacé abeabe = a.10° +b.10' + 0.10" +b.10-+¢ =a.10" (10° +1) +5.10(10' +1) +e(10" +1) = (10° +1)(a.10° + 6.10 +c) = 1001(a.10" +6.10+¢) = 11.91 abeil1 Bai 8: Tim n la sé ty nhién dé: A=(n+5)(n+6):6n Huong dan gidi Ta c6: A=12n+n(n=1)+30 , Dé Ai6n= n(n—1)+30:6n Ta c6: n(n—1)in => 30in = n €U (30) ={1;2;3;5;6;10;15;30} Va n(n =1)'6 = n(n=1):3 = f:3:6:10:15:30} Thit vao ta thay m €{1;3;10;30} tha man yéu cau dau bai Bai 9: Chiing minh ring: 3a+2bi17khi va chi khi 10a +6317 (a,b €Z)va nguge lai e6 ding Khéng? Huéng dan giai * 3a+2b:17 = 1004317 Ta cb: 3a+2bi17 = 9.(3a-+2b):17 => 27a + 185317 => (17a +176) +(10a +b) :17 => 10a-+5317 *10a +6517 => 30426517 Ta cb: 10a+b:17 => 2(10a +b)!17 => 20a + 2bi17 = 17a +3a + 2bi17 = 30426317 Bai 10: Chung minh ra a, Néu ab+ed 11 thi abed:11 b, Cho abe—deg:7 cmr abedeg:7 Huéng dan giai a, That vay aed = 100.ab+ cd =99.ab+(ab+ed), chia hét cho 11. b, Ta cé abedeg "2:7 va 1001:7nén abedeg:7 Bai 11: Chimg minh rang: ma abe-| a, Ching minh néu al Khdc 0 thi abed chia hét cho 67. b, Cho sé abe chia hét cho 27. Ching minh ring bea chia hét cho 27 2ed vi a, b, ¢, dla cde chi THCS.TOANMATH.com Trang 3TUYEN TAP DAY DU CAC CHUYEN DE BOI DUONG HQC SINH GIOL TOAN 6 Huong dan gidi a, Ta c6 ab = 2cd va abed = ab.100 + ed = 2ed.100 + ed = ed.201 = ed.67.3 Vay abed chia hét cho 67 b, Tacé abei27 => abe0:27 => 1000a+bc0:27 => 999a+a+be0:27 => 27.37a+bea'27 Do 27.37a!27 nén bea:27. Bai 12: Ching minh ring: a, abedeg:23,29 néu abe =2.deg b, Cmrnéu (ab+ed-+eg)ill thi abedeg!l 1 Huéng dan giai a, Ta c6 : abedeg =1000ahe + deg = 1000.2deg + 2001deg = deg.23.29.3 b, Ta 06 : abedeg = 10000.ab +100ed +eg = 9999ab +99cd +(ab-+ed +eg)i11 Bai 13: Chuing minh rin; a, Cho abe+degi37 cmr abedeg:37 b, Néu abet Huéng dan giai a, Ta c6 : abcdeg=1000abe-+ deg = 999abc + (abe-+ Teg) :37 299 thi ab+cd:99 b, Ta c6 : abed =100.ab + ¢d = 99.ab + (ab + ed):99 = ab +ed:9 Bai 14: Chuing minh ring: Néu abed!101 thi ab-ed?101 Huéng din giai abed:101 = 100.ab + ed = 101 ab — ab + ed = 101. ab - (abcd) 101 => ab—ed 2101 Bai 15: Ching minh ring: a—11b+3c!17thi 2a-5b+6ci17 (a,b,c € Z) Huong din gidi Ta c6: a—11b+3c:17 => 2a~22b-+ 6c'17 => (2a~Sb + 6c) —17 Tac = 2a-5b+6c!17 a, abed:29 thi a+3b+9e+27d:29 b, abe!21 thi a—2b+4c?21 Huéng din giai a, Ta c6 : abed = 1000a +1006 +10c+d:29 => 2000a +200 + 20e +2429 = 200la—a + 2035-36 + 29¢-9e + 29d 27429 => (2001a +2035 +29 + 29d)—(a-+3b+9e+27d):29 =a+3b490+27d:29 by Ta cé: abe!21 => 10a +10b+c221 => 4(100a +10 +c):21 => (a—2b+4c) + (3990+ 42b):21 => (a—2b + 4e) +21(194 + 26):21 => (a—2b+4e):21 Bai 17: Chitng minh rang néu ab+ed + eg chia hét cho 11 thi abcdeg_ chia hét cho 11. Huéng din giai 10000.ab +100 xed +eg =9999 x ab +99 abe deg chia hét cho 11 THCS.TOANMATH.com Trang 4TUYEN TAP DAY DU CAC CHUYEN DE BOI DUONG HQC SINH GIOL TOAN 6 1g: @+4b:13 khi va chi khi 10a+5:13 : Véi a,b 1a cdc s6 nguyén, chimg t6 Huéng din giai Ta c6: a+4b213 =>10.(a+4b):13 (1) Lai cé: 10(a+4b)=10a+40b=10a+b+39a Ma 39413 (2) Tir (1) va (2) => 10a+b:13 Bai 19: a) Cho abc +deg chia hét cho 37. Ching minh rang abcdeg chia hét cho 37 b) Cho abe —deg chia hét cho 7. Chttng minh ring chia hét cho 7 Huong dan gidi a) abedeg =1000x abe + deg = 999% abe + (abe + deg)'37 b) abcdeg =1000xabe+deg = 1001x abe —(abe — deg) chia hét cho 7. Bai 20: Tim chit s6 a biét ring 20420a20a chia hét cho 7 Huéng dan giai n= 20a20a20a = 20a20a. 1000 + 20a = (204.1000+ 20a).1000+20a 1001.204.1000+20a Theo dé bai n chia hét cho 7, ma 1001 chia hét cho 7 nén 20a chia hét cho 7. 0 Ta c6 96+(4+a), chia hét cho 7 nén 4+a chia hét cho 7. Vay a=3 Bai 21: Cho ba chit s6 khéc nhau va khac 0. Lap tat ca céc 86 tur nhién c6 ba chit s6 gdm ca ba chir sf dy. Chiing minh ring téng cia chiing chia hét cho 6 va 37 Huéng din giai Goi ba chi s61A a, b, sa, bac, cba,cab Cac 86 ty nhién 6 3 chit sé gdm 3 s6 ay la: abe, acb, ‘Téng cdc s6 theo dé bai bing: abe + ach +bea + bac + cha + cab = 222(a+b +e) chia hét cho 6 va 37. Bai 22: Cé hai sO tw nhién x va y nao ma (x+y)(x—y)=1002 hay khong? Huong dan gidi Gia sit tn tai cdc sé ty nhién x va y ma THCS.TOANMATH.com Trang 5TUYEN TAP DAY DU CAC CHUYEN DE BOI DUONG HQC SINH GIOL TOAN 6 (xt y)(r= y) = 1002 (1). Khéng thé xay ra trudng hop trong x va y cé mot sé chin, mot sé lé vi néu xay ra thi why va xy déu lé nén tich (x+y)(x—y) 1a 9618, trai vi (1) Vay x va y phai cling chin hoie cing Ié. Khi dé x+y va x—y déu chin nén tich (x+y)(x—y) chia hét cho 4, trong khi dé 1002 khéng chia hét cho 4, vé Ii. Vay khéng t6n tai cdc s6 ty nhién x va y ma (x+y)(x—y)=1002 Bai 23: Tim s6 ty nhién cé hai chit s6, sao cho néu viét né tiép sau sé 1999 thi ta duoc mot 86 chia hét cho 37 Huéng dan giai Goi sé phai tim la ab. ‘Ta c6:1999ab:37 =>199900+ab:37 => 5402.37 +26+ab:37 => 26+ab:37 Vay ab < {11348;85}. Bai 24: Cho 72 [a s@ tye nhién. Ching minh ring a) (m + 10)(n + 15) chia hét cho 2 b) n(n + 1)(m + 2) chia hét cho 2 va cho 3 )n(2n+7)(7n+1) chia hét cho 6 Huéng dan giai a) Néu na s6lé thin +15 chia hét cho 2 nén (m + 10)(n + 15) chia hét cho 2. b) Néu nla s@ chin thin + 10 chia hét cho 2 nén (n + 10)(m + 15) chia hét cho 2. ©) Trong 2 sn va (7n + 1) phai c6 mt sé chin nén n(2n+1)(7n+1):2 Ma (3, 2)= 1 nén ta chi can ching minh n(2n+1)(7n+1):3 Xét 3 trudng hop: = Trudng hop 1: n=3k thi n(2n+1)(7n +1) =3k(6k +1)(21k+ - Tradng hop 2: n= 3k +1 thi 2n+7 =(6k+9):3=>n(2n+7)(7n+1):3 3k+2¢thi 7n+1 - Trung hop 3: 21k +15):3 = n(2n+7)(7n+1):3 Tw3 trudng hop trén suy ra n(2n + 7)(7n + 1) chia hét cho 6. Bai 25: Tim tat ca cdc chit sé x, y sao cho 2019xy chia hét cho ca 2, 3 va 5. THCS.TOANMATH.com Trang 6TUYEN TAP DAY DU CAC CHUYEN DE BOI DUONG HQC SINH GIOL TOAN 6 Huong dan gidi Tim tat ca cdc chit s6 x, y sao cho 2019xy chia hét cho cd 2, 3 va 5. Ta c6 2019xy chia hét cho cd 2 va5 => y=0 Lai c6 2019xy !3 nén (2+0+1+9+x+0):3 =>(12 + x):3 axe (0; 3 6 9} Vay (xy) €{(0:0); (3:0); (60); (9:0)}. Bai 26: Cho hai sé nguyén a va b khéng chia hét cho 3, nhung khi chia cho 3 thi cé cling s6 du: Chitng minh ring: (ab—1)!3 Huéng dan giai Ta cé: a=3p+r.b=39+r(p.qr €Z,r=1,2) khi dd ab-1=(3p +r)(3q+r)-1=3p(3q-+r)+r(3p+r)—1=9pq+3pr+3qr+r? 1 N@ur=1 thir? -1=1-1=033 Néur=2 thir? -1=4-1=333 Vay (ab-1)luén chia hét cho 3. Bai 27: Tim sé ty nhién cé 4 chit sd, chia hét cho 5 va cho 27 biét ring hai chit 6 gitra cla $6 a6 1a 97 Huéng dan giai Goi 7 1a s6 phai tim, m phai tan cing bing 0 hoc 5 va 1 phai chia hét cho 9. Xét 975 chia hét cho 9 nén *= 6. Thit lai: 6975 khong chia hét cho 27 ‘Xét n=*970 chia hét cho 9 nén * = 2. Thit lai: 2970 chia hét cho 27. S6 phai tim 1a 2970 Bai 28: Hai sé tw nhién @ va 2a déu cé téng céc chit s6 bing kK, Ching minh ring @ chia hét cho 9 Huéng dan giai Ta biét ring mét s6 va téng cc chit s@ cla né c6 cing s@ du trong phép chia cho 9, do dé higu cia chting chia hét cho 9. 19 Nhu vay: 2a— va a-k:9 Suy ra: (Qa k)-(a A/D Do dé a:9 Bai 29:Cho sé tw nhién ab bang 3 Tan tich cac chit s6 cla nd THCS.TOANMATH.com Trang 7TUYEN TAP DAY DU CAC CHUYEN DE BOI DUONG HQC SINH GIOL TOAN 6 a) Chtig minh ring D chia hét cho @ b) Gia stb = ka (ke N), chimg minh rang k la wéc cua 10 ©) Tim cdc s6 ab néi trén Huéng dan giai a) Theo dé bai: ab = 3ab =10a+b=3ab (I) 10a + baia => bia b)Do b=ka nén k<10. Thay b=ka_vao (1): 10a+ka =3a.ka =10+k=3ak (2) 2105 k ©) Do k<10nénk € {1;2;5) Voi k =1, thay vao (2): 11=3a, loai V6i k =2, thay vao (2): 12 = 6a => a =2; b=ka=2.2=4,7acé ab=24=3.24 Voi k =5, thay vao (2): 15 b=ka=5.1=5.Tacd ab Dap s6: 24 va 15 Chi y. Cach giai cau c khéng théng qua cdu a va b ab =3ab = 10a + b = 3ab=> 10a = 3ab — b= 10a = B(3a - 1) ‘Ta thay 10a chia hét cho3a—1, ma a va 3a—1 nguyén t6 clung nhau (that vay, néu @ va 3a—Iciing chia hét cho d thi 3a—(3a—1) chia hét chod , titel 1d ,vayd =1) nén a> a=; =3.15, 10i3a-1 3a-1 1 2 5 10 3a 2 3 6 1 a Loai 1 2 Loai b 5 4 Dap sé: 15 va 24 Bai 30:Tim sé ty nhién cé hai chi sé, biét rang 86 dé chia hét cho tich cdc chit sé ca né Huéng dan gidi Goi sé phai tim la ab, tacé 10a+b ab (1) Suy rab! a. Dat b=ka (2) thi k < 10 (ke N) THCS.TOANMATH.com Trang 8TUYEN TAP DAY DU CAC CHUYEN DE BOI DUONG HQC SINH GIOL TOAN 6 Thay b=ka vao (1) tacé 10a+ka } akb => lWaika 10: k=>ke{I, 2, 5} Néu k=1thi 6 =a. Thay vao (1) ta duge [ai Vay ab =11 Néu k =2 thib =2a. Xét cdc s6 12, 24, 36, 48 ta cd cdc s6 12, 24, 36 théa man dé bai Néu k= Sthi b=Sa=>ab=15 thoa man dé bai Két luan: Co 5 sé thoa man dé bai la 11, 12, 15, 24, 36 Bai 31: Tim sé ty nhién n sao cho 181 +3 chia hét cho 7 Hung dan gidi Cach 1. 181+3 7 14nt4n+3 27 anes 7 3 4ny3-7 37 <= 4n-4 i7 2 a(n-l) 7 Ta lai c6 (4,7)=1 nén n—- Vay n=7k+1 (keN), Céich 2. 18143 2 18n+3-21 18-18, (18-1) 27 Ta lai cé (18,7)=1 nén n=1:7 Vay n=Tk+1 (keN) Nhén xét: Vigc thém bét cdc béi cita 7 trong hai cich giai trén nhim di dén mét biéw thite chia hét cho 7 ma 6 dé hé s6 cita n bang 1. Bai 32:Tim s6 ty nhién nhd nhat biét ring sO dé chia 9 dur5, chia 7 dur 4, chia 5 dur 3. Huéng din giai Goi sé ty nhién nhé nhat théa man yéu cau dé bai laa Via chia 9 du 5nén a+ 4:9 =a +4+153:9 = a +1579 THCS.TOANMATH.com Trang 9TUYEN TAP DAY DU CAC CHUYEN DE BOI DUONG HQC SINH GIOL TOAN 6 Viad ia 7 dur 4nén a+3:7 =a 43+154:7 = a+ 157:7 Via chia 5 dur3 nén a+2:5 ->a+2+155: 5a +157:5 Suy ra a+157¢ BC (9,5,7) BCNN (9,5,7) =315 =a +157=315k vi anhé nhat nén k =1=4=158 Vay sé tu nhién nhé nhat théa man yéu cau dé bai 1a : 158, Bai 33: Mét si chia cho 7 du 3, chia cho 17 du 12, chia cho 23 du 7. Héi s6 dé chia cho 2737 du bao nhiéu? Huéng din gidi Goi 86 da cho la A. Theo baira ta cé: A=7a+3=17b+12=23¢+7 Mat khdc: A+39= 7a +3439=17b+12+39=23¢ +7439 T(a+6)=17(b+3)=23(c+2) Nhu vay 4+39 déng thai chia hét cho 7,17 va 23. Nhung UCLN(7,17,23) = | => (4439)! 7,17,23 => A+39:2737 => A = 2698, Do 2698 < 2737 nén A:2737 c6 sé du la 2698. : Cho s6 abei37 .ching minh Huéng dan giai 37 = 100002 + 10006 + 100037 => 100e + 10a +) +9990a + 9990:37 => cab +37. 2700 + 27b £37 7 nén 100.ab => cab: 37 Bai 35: Ching t6 ring trong 27 sé ty nhién tiy ¥ luén tn tai hai s@ sao cho téng hoac hiéu ciia ching chia hét cho 50. Huéng dan giai TH1: Néu 27 sé ty nhién trén cé 2 s6 06 cing sé dur khi chia cho 50 thi hiéu cia chting chia hét cho 50. TH2: Néu 27 sé ty nhién trén khéng cé hai s6 nao cé cing s6 du khi chia cho 50 $6 du khi chia cho 50 gm: 0; 1; 2; ...49 chia lam 26 nhém: (0), (15 49), (2; 48),...(24; 26), (25) Chia 27 sé du khac nhau vio 26 nhém trén, tn tai it mhat 2 sé cling mét nhém. Suy ra tong cia ching chia hét cho 50. THCS.TOANMATH.com Trang 10TUYEN TAP DAY DU CAC CHUYEN DE BOI DUONG HOC SINH GIOL TOAN 6 Vay trong 27 s6 tu nhién tity ¥ luén ton tai hai clia chting chia hét cho 50. Bai 36: Cho n=7a5 +8b4, Biét a—b=6. va ao cho téng hodc higu :9, Tim a,b. Huéng dan giai Do 1:9 => 7a5 +8b4:9 = 700+ 10a +5+800+10b+4:9 = 1509+10a+10b:9 => 1503+9a+9b+6+a+b:9 => 6+a+b:9 => athe {312} +Véi a+b=3 thi a;b khdc tinh chin Ie va. a—b=6 thi a;b cing tinh chin Ie. Do dé khong tn tai a:b. +Véi a+b=12 va a—b=6 suy ra a=9;b=3. Bai 37: Tim cac chit sé a,b sao cho: a) @ — b = 4va 7a5bl chia hét cho 3 b) a — b = bya 4a7 +165 chia hét cho9 Huéng din giai a) $6 TaSb1:3 => 7+ a+5+b+1:3 = 13+a+b:3 = a+3chia cho 3 du2(I) Ta cé a—b=4 nén: 4 512+10(a+b):9 => 5044+8+9(a+b)+a+b:9 => a+b chia cho 9 du Do a+b2a—b=6 nén a+b =10. Tir dé tim duge:a =8; Bai 38: Ching minh rang: a) 2m * 11...111 chia hét cho 3 b) 10° +18"—1 chia hét cho 27 ¢) 10" +72n=1 chia hét cho 81 THCS.TOANMATH.com ‘Trang 11TUYEN TAP DAY DU CAC CHUYEN DE BOI DUONG HQC SINH GIOL TOAN 6 Huéng dn giai Chui ¥ ring sO n va sé 06 téng céc chit s6 bing n 06 cing sé du trong phép chia cho 9, do d6 L11....1—1 chia hét cho 9. a) n+ an(u ») chia hét cho 3. b) 10" +18n-1=10" -1-9n +27 =99. 3-sne77n=9 Jon) 2% chia hét cho wae wae 27 ) 10° +72n-1=10" neti chia hét cho woke 81 Bai 39: Cho sé ty nhién ab bang ba Tan tich cdc chét s6 cua nd, chiing minh ring b! a Huéng din giai Ta 06: ab = 3ab => 10a +b =3ab => 10a +bia => bia Bai 40: Cho A=1N’ +1 1° +11’ +...+11+1. Ching minh ring A chia hét cho 5 Huéng dan giai Attn cing bing 0 nén chia hét cho 5. Bai 41: Tim ab biét: a-b=3 va (14a3+35b2):9 Huéng din giai Ta c6: DE: 1403 +3562!9 > 1+4+a+34+3+5+b+ maa va bla sO cé 1 chit siinén a+b=0,a+b=9,a+b két hgp voi a-b=3.dé'timavab Bai 42: Tim s6 tur nhién cé ba chit s6 nhw nhau, biét ring sé dé cé thé vist duge dudi dang téng cde sé ty nhién lién tiép bit dau tir 1 +b+185 8 = atbi9 Huéng din giai Goi s6 phai tim la aaa, s6 &6 viet duge dudi dang 1+2+3+...+0 (n EN). 5 mnt) aa 7 37. Ta c6: =11la, do dé: n(n+1) = Vi n(n+) chia hét cho sé nguyén t6 37 nén ton tai mét trong hai thira sn, n+1 chia hét cho 37. Chi y ring n va n+1 déunhé hon 74 (vi 2 AY 1a 6 06 ba chit s6) nén ta xét hai trudng hop: a) n=37 thy MOY _ 3738 _ 593 Jai THCS.TOANMATH.com ‘Trang 12TUYEN TAP DAY DU CAC CHUYEN DE BOI DUONG HQC SINH GIOL TOAN 6 36.37 b) m+1=37 thi 57 666, théa main bai toén. Vay s6 phai fim Ia 666, vigt durge duéi dang 14+243+...+36. Bai 43: Cho biét a+4b chia hét cho 13, (a, be N). Chting minh ring 10a+b chia hét cho 13. Huéng dan gidi Dat a+4b=x; 10a+b=y . Ta biét xi13, ta can chimg minh yi13. Ciel 1: Xét bidu there: 10x-, 0(a+4b) —(10a +b) =10a+40-10a—b =395 Nhu vay, 10x—y!13, Do ¥!13 nén 10x13 . Suy ra y!13. Ciich 2: Xét biéu thete: 4y—x=4(10a+b)—(a+-4b) =40a+4b—a—4b = 39a. Nhu vay 4y—x 113 Do x!13 nén 4y!13 .Ta lai cd (4.13)=1 nén_ yi13 Cich 3: Xét big thite: 3xty=3(a+46)+(10a+b)=3a+12b+10a+b=13a+13b, Nhu vay 3x + y13, Do x:13 nén 3x:13.Suy ra yil3, Céich 4: Xét bidu thie: x+9y=a+4b+9(10a+b)=a+4b+90a+9b = 9la +185. Nhu vay x + 9y!13 Do x13 nén9y 13 . Ta laicd (9, 13)=1 nén y? Nhén xét: Trong cdc céch gidi trén, ta da dua ra céc biéu thife ma sau khi rit gon cé mot s6 hang la b6i cita 13, Khi dé s6 hang thit hai (néu c6) cling la bGi cia 13. H6 s6 clia a 6 x 1a 1, hé sca a 6 y 1a 10 nén xét biéu thite 10x—y nhim khtr a (tir la lam cho hé sé cua a bang 0), xét biéu thite 3x+y nhim tao ra hé s6 cua a bang 13. Hé sé cua bo x 1a 4, hé sé cia b & y 1a 1 nén xét bidu thie 4y—x nhim khit b, xét biéu thie x+9y nhdm tao ra hé s6 clia b bang 13. THCS.TOANMATH.com Trang 13,TUYEN TAP DAY DU CAC CHUYEN DE BOI DUONG HQC SINH GIOL TOAN 6 1g khi chia s6 dé cho céc s6 25;28;35 thi duge Bai 44: Tim sé ty nhién cé ba chit sé biét cdc sé dur Tan lugt 18 4;7;14 Huéng din giai Ta goi x=abe ( 0) x+21:28 35p+14 x421:35 Nhu thé x-+211&bdi chung 25;28;35 ma BCNN 25;28;35 = 700 x+21 :700 Do 100 n—1+10:5= n+9%5 (1) Ta cé m-S?7=n—S+1427 04927 (2). Tie (1) va (2) suy ran +9235, $6 n nhé nhat 6 tinh chat trén la n=26 a Gich 3: n=Sx+1=Ty+5=>5x=5y+2y+4=92(p+2)i5—> y+2i5 Gia tri nhé nhat cha y bang 3, gid tri nhé nhat cha n bang 7.3+5=26. Bai 46: thi dur 98, im s6 ty nhién 1m cé bin chii s6 sao cho chia n cho 131 thi dir 112, chia m cho 132 Huéng dan giai Céich 1: Ta 06 131x+112=132y +98 => S131: Sys Bly+y-14=9 y- 14131 => lk+14 (keN) (131k +14) +98=132,131k +1946 =n Do n cé bén chit sé nén k = 0,n = 1946. Céich 2: Tir 131x=13ly+y-14 suy ra 131(x-y)=y-14. Neu x>y thi y-142 1319 y>145 9 n 6 nhigu hon bén chit sé. Vay x=y, do dé y=14,n=1946 THCS.TOANMATH.com Trang 14TUYEN TAP DAY DU CAC CHUYEN DE BOI DUONG HQC SINH GIOL TOAN 6 Céich 3: Ta cé n=131x-+112 nén 132n=1314+132x+14784 @ 131m=131.132y-+12838 @) Ta (1) va Q) suy ra 132n-131n=131.132(x—y) +1946 =n =131,132(x—y) +1946 Vi n cé bon chit s6 nén n=1946 Bai 47:Chuing minh rang néu p 1a sé nguyén té lon hon 3 thi (p-1)(p+1) chia hét cho 24. Huéng dan gidi Ta cé (p—1)p(p+1):3 ma (p,3)=1 nén (p-1)(p+1)3 (ay p l& sO nguyén t6 én hon 3 nén p 1a s61e, p-1 va p+l 1a hai s6 chin lién tip. Trong hai s6 chin lién tig, c6 mét s6 1a b6i ctia 4 nén tich cia. ching chia hét cho 8 (2) Tir (1) va (2) suy ra (p—l)(p-+1) chia hét cho hai s6 nguyén t6 cing nhau 3 va 8. Vay (p-l) p(p+ Bai 48:Chting minh néu ab = 2ed véia, b, c, d 1a cdc chit sO khac 0 thi abed chia hét cho 67. Huong din gidi Ta c6 ab = 2cd va abed = ab.100 + ed = 2cd.100 + ed = cd.201 = ed. 67.3 Vay abed chia hét cho 67 Bai 49: Chimg minh ring: A =n? +n +1 khéng chia hét cho 2 va 5, voi n 18 s6 tr nhién. Huéng din gidi Vi n.(n + 1) la tich hai sé ty nhién lién tiép, trong 2 s6 lién tiép lu6n luén c6 1 sé chin nén n.(n+1) 1a s6 chin, cong thém 1 sé 14 sO 1é => n.(n+1) +1 12 86 Ie, khong chia hét cho 2. THCS.TOANMATH.com ‘Trang 15TUYEN TAP DAY DU CAC CHUYEN DE BOI DUONG HQC SINH GIOL TOAN 6 Dé ching minh n(n + 1) +1 khéng chia hét cho 5 ta thaly hai sO n va n+ 1 c6 thé eé cic chit s6 tan cing sau: rn tan cing 18 0, 1, 2, 3,4, 5,6, 7, 8, 9; tuong ting s6 tan cling cian +1 nhw sau: né1 tin cing la 1, 2,3, 4,5, 6, 7,8,9,0 nén tich cia n.(n + 1) tan cling Ta 0,2, 6, 2,0,0,2,6,2,0 Hay 1a n(n +1) tan cing 1a 0, 2, 6 3,7 khOng chia hét cho 5 Nén (n+l) +1 tan cling la: Bai 50: Chting minh ring néu x,y 1a céc 6 nguyén sao cho (7x+3y):13 thi (Sx+4y) cing chia hét cho 13 va nguge lai Huong din gidi Ta c6: Sx+4y!l3=>4(Sx-+4y):13 => 20x + 16y213 = Tx 3y!13. Tir d6 ta di ngugc lai la ra, Bai 51: Cho a,b la hai sé chinh phuong l¢ lién tiép. Ching minh ring : (a—1)(b-1):192 Huéng dan giai Ta cé: Via, bla 86 Ié nén (a—-1)(b-1):4 Dat a =(2k-1) b= (2k +1)" =>(a~1) = 4k(k-1),(b-1) = 4k (k-+1) Khi dé :(a—1)(b—1)=16K (k-1)(k-+1), Ma k(k-+1)(4+2):3 Va k(k-1),k(k+1) déu chia hét cho 2 Nén ? (k=1)(k+1):12 = (a-1)(b=1) = 16K? (k=1)(k+1):192, Khia, b la s6 chinh phuong lé lién tigp Bai 52: Cho 4 sé nguyén phan biét a, b, c, d. Chtimg minh rang: A=(a~b)(a—c)(a—d)(b—e)(6—d)(c—d):12 Huong dan gidi Theo nguyén ly Dirichlet trong 3 sé nguyén tiry ¥ luén tn tai hai s6 nguyén tiry ¥ c6 cing 86 dur khi chia hét cho 3 suy ra 4:3, ‘Trdg hop 1: c& 4 s6 déu 1a sé chan nén tn tai 6 higu chia hét cho 2 suy ra 44 Trudmg hop 2: cf 4 sé déu 1a sé'16 nén tn tai 6 higu chia hét cho 2 suy ra 4:4 Trung hop 3: 2 s6 chin va hai sé1é nén tn tai 4 higu chia hét cho 2 suy ra 4°4 Trudng hop 4:3 sé chin va mét s611é, tir3 s6 chin dé cho ta 3 higu chia hét cho 2 suy ra 434 Trumg hop 5: 3 sé 1é va mét sé 18, tir 3 86 1é dé cho ta 3 hiéu chia hét cho 2 suy ra 4!4 Do dé A cing chia hét cho 4 ma (3, 4) = 1 nén A chia hét cho 12. Bai 53:Tim cdc sé nguyén dung x va y lén han 1 sao cho x +3 chia hét cho y va y +3 chia hét cho x. Huéng din giai Giai str 2 1 nén xe {23:6}. x 2 3 6 y 5 6 9 Voik =2, tir (1) cx +3 'y. Thay vao: y +3ix duge 2y + 6ix= x+9ix— 9ix dox>1nén xe{3,9} Khix=3 thi y=3, thi lai ding, Khix=9 thi y =6, loai vi tréi véi xs y. Cc c&ip 86 (x, y) phai tim 1a (2; 5), (5;2), G6), (6;3), (6:9), @; 6), (3:3). Bai 54: Cho 10 sé tu nhién bat Ki a,34,54;....3d) Chting minh ring t6n tai mét s6 hose tng mét s@ cdc s6 lién tiép nhau trong day chia hét cho 10 Huéng din giai a, +4, ; S,=a, +a, +4, ; Xét 10 téng sau: S,=a,; S, Sy =O) +0, +4; tone + Oy Néu trong 10 téng trén tin tai 1 téng ndo dé chia hét cho 10 thi bai todn duge ching minh Ta di xét trong hop : ca 10 téng 5,35,;..jSjy du khong chia hét cho 10 Do vay s6 dur trong phép chia $,;5,;5,;...jS\9 cho 10 chi c6 thé thuéc tap hop A= 1;2;3:4;5;6;7;89 gdm 9 phn tir do vay theo nguyén ly Di rich 1é luén ton tai it nhat 2 tong 5,38, 1< j:1 S,-S, 10> a, +4, 10 ta o6 diéu c&n chting minh Bai 55: Chuing minh ring véi » 1a sé ty nhién thi n(n+1)+2019 khéng chia hét cho 2020 Huéng din giai Vi n 1a s6 tu nhién nén n(n+1):2=n(n+1) 1a 86 chan => n(n+1)+2019 la sé le Do dé n(n+1)+2019 khéng chia hét cho 2020, Bai 56: a) Cho 4=1999 +1999? +1999" +-.--+1999'"*. Chimg minh rang 4 : 2000. b) Tim sé ty nhign 1 In nhat c6 3 chit sé théa man diéu kign: n chia cho 8 du 7, chia cho 31 dur 28, Huéng dan giadi THCS.TOANMATH.com ‘Trang 17TUYEN TAP DAY DU CAC CHUYEN DE BOI DUONG HQC SINH GIOL TOAN 6 a) Cé: A =(1999-+1999*) + (19% 1999") 4--(1999 4.1999!) =1999,(1+1999) +1999° (1+1999)+---+1999"” (141999) = 1999,2000+1999°.2000+-:-+1999""”.2000 = 2000.(1999 +1999° +---+1999""") => 4 $2000 (dpem) b) Ta cé: >| n-T+ 258 _ [n+65 28 n-28+93:31” |n +65231 => n+ 65 © BCNN(8,31) = {248;496;744;992} => nm & {183;431;679;927} => n=927 (vin lon nhat c6 3 chit s6) Vay s6 can tim 1a: 927. Bai 57:Tim x,y biét (2ay45. Huéng dan giai Dat 4=124y Dé 4:45 thi 435 va 429. Dé 4:5 thi y=0 hose y=5. £9 thi (142+4+x+0)9=>x=2. Voi y=5, dé 4:9 thi (142+4+2+5)9 > x=6. Vay y=0, x=2hodc y=5, x=6. Bai 58: Tim s6 ty nhién nhé nhat lén hon 10, biét rng s6 dé chia cho 5;6;7 c6 s6 du Tan lugt la 3;2;1. Huéng dan gidi Goi s@ phai tim 1A a (a eN,a > 10) Theo dé bai, ta c6: a chia cho 5 dur 3=>(a—3):5=(a—3)-5:5 hay a-8:5 a chia cho 6 du 2=a-2'6=(a-2)-6'6 hay a-8:6 a chia cho 7 dur 1=> a-1:7>(a-1)-7:7 hay a8! Do dé a-8< BC(5,6,7). Dé a nhé hat Ién hon 10 thi a-8= BCNN(5,6,7)=210 a-8=210a=218. Vay s@ ty nhién can tim 1a 218 Bai 59: Cho S=5+57 +5" +5 +5° 45° 4+...45°" Ching té S chia hét cho 21, THCS.TOANMATH.com Trang 18.TUYEN TAP DAY DU CAC CHUYEN DE BOL DUONG HQC SINH GIOL TOAN 6 Huéng dan giai Ta cé: SHSHS HS HS HS 45"... = (545° 45°) +(5+5° 45°) +... + (57 545°) =5(1+5+5*)454(14545*)+...45" 14545") (16545?) (545¢ 4.04 59") =31(5+5'+...4 5°" )i31, Bai 60:Tim sé cé ba chit sé chia hét cho 7 va tng cdc chit sé cua né cing chia hét cho 7. Huéng dan giai Goi sé ty nhién can tim 1a abe (a,b,c €N,1 a={135} va khi dé tuong ting 6={3:2:1} => c=3(théa man) => abe =133 => e=2hode e=9 (théa man) => abe =8(théa man) => abe =S11 hoac abe =518 ‘Trudng hop 2:4+2b=14 Ta c6 261a sé chan suy ra a chan va a<8=>a=({2;4;6;8}va khi dé tuong ung b={6:5:4;3} THCS.TOANMATH.com ‘Trang 19TUYEN TAP DAY DU CAC CHUYEN DE BOI DUONG HQC SINH GIOL TOAN 6 ‘Trung hop 3:a+ Ta 6 21a s& chin suy ra a lé va a<9=>a={35;7,9}va khi dé tuong tng b={9;8:756} Vay cdc s6 ty nhién can tim 1a: 133;266;322; 329; 392; 399; 455; 511; 518; 581; 588; 644; 770; 777,833; 966 Bai 61: Tim cac chit sé x; y dé A 2183 chia cho 2;5 va 9 déu du 1 Huéng dan giai Do A=M83y chia cho 2 va 5 déu du 1 nény= Tacé A=x183y Vi A= 3183) chia cho 9 dur 1 => x183y-1:9 => 31830 9 oxt14+84340'9 x43:9,max la chirséinén r=6 Vay x=6y=1 Bai 62: Cho a, b €N’" , théa man sé M =(9a+11b)(5b-+11a) chia hét cho 19, Hay giai thich vi sao M chia hét cho 361 Huéng dan giai Ta cé: M =(9a+11b)(5b+11a):19 ma 19 la sé nguyén t nén 9a+11b:19 hoac Sb+11a:19 Xét M=3(9a+11b) +(5b+11a)=27a+33b-4+56 + la = 380+ 38b = 19(2a+2b):19 +N@u 9a+11B:19 => 3(9a+11b):19 ma Ni9=> Sb+11ai19 (ty + Néu Sh+11ai19, ma N19 => 3(9a+11b):19 = 9a +11b19 (2) Ti (1) va (2) suy ra: (9a+116):19 va (Sb+11a):19=> Mi 361 Bai 63: Cho hai s6 ty nhién a va b thoa man: m=(16a+17b)(17a+16b) 12.1 bGi s6 cia 11. Ching minh ring : Sé m cing la m6t bdi sé chia 121 Huong dan gidi THCS.TOANMATH.com Trang 20TUYEN TAP DAY DU CAC CHUYEN DE BOI DUONG HQC SINH GIOL TOAN 6 Vi 11 Ja sé nguyén t6: ma m =(16a+176)(17a+16b):11 = 16a+17bi11 ho&e 1a+16bi11 Khéng mat tinh téng quét: gia sit: 16a-+17b!1 , ta can chang minh (17a+16b)?11 That vay: 16a-+17b211 = 2(16a +17)! Lai c6: 2(17a+16b) =33(a+b)-a+b: Vay (16a+176)(17a+16b):11.11=121 =33(a+b)+b-aill >b-aill >a-bill => (17a+166):11 Bai 64: Chiing minh ring : 4=75.(4"" +4" +...+4745 )4+25 chia hét cho 4”. Huéng din giai er er er eee Dat M=4"" 44" 4, AM =A (LAL A AER a a a 4M ~M = (4° 44" 4 44 4d? 44) (4 44" ed? eda) 3M = 4" 1a. M = (4 —1):3 A=75. (420 =1):3 +25=25,(4° -1)+25 = 25, 4° -25425=25.4"” chia hét cho 4 Bai 65:Cho N=i55*710*4*16 1a s6 ty nhién cé 12 chir sé. Chung to rang néu thay cée dau * boi cde chit sé khdc nhau trong ba chit s6'1; 2; 3 mét céch ty ¥ thi V luén chia hét cho 396. Huéng dan giai Ta cé 396 =4.9.11 +N cé hai chit sé tan cing 1a 16 chia hét cho 4 suy ra N chia hét cho 4 + Téng cdc chit sé cia N bang 14545494 7414044 44444146=30+4494=30+6=36 chia hét cho 9 suy ra N chia hét cho 9. + Téng cdc chit sé hang chin cia N - Téng cdc chit sé hang Ié cia N = 18 - 18 = 0 chia hét cho 11 suy ra N chia hét cho 11 Vay N chia hét cho 4, 9, 11 suy ra N chia hét cho 396. Bai 66: Chimg minh ring tir 52 s6 nguyén bat ki ludn tn tai 2 s6 ma tng hod higu cha ching chia hét cho 100. Huong dan gidi THCS.TOANMATH.com ‘Trang 21TUYEN TAP DAY DU CAC CHUYEN DE BOI DUONG HQC SINH GIOL TOAN 6 Chia 52 sé nguyén tity ¥ cho 100,ta 06 thé cé cac sé dur tir 0,1,2,3,...,99.Ta phan céc s6 dur thanh céc nhém sau: 0 + 199 j.5 49,51 , 50 Ta e6 tat cd 51 nhém va khi chia 52 s6 cho 100 ta cé 52 sé du. Theo nguyén li Dirichlet sé cé 2 s6 du cling thuée mét nhém. Ta c6 2 trudng hop: Truong hop 1: Hai s6 du giéng nhau, suy ra higu hai s6 c6 2 sé du tuong tmg dé sé chia at cho 100. ‘Truong hop 2: Hai s6 du khdc nhau,suy ra tng cia hai sé du cé hai sé du tuong ting dé sé chia hét cho 100 Ta suy ra digu phai ching minh, Bai 67. Ching minh rang: 10” +8 :72. Huéng din gidi Ta cé 72-8.9 10 +8=100....008 (27 chit s6 0) +) 10% +8=100....008 cé ba chit sé tan cling 1a 008 chia hét cho 8 nén 10% +8! 8 @ +) Téng ede chit s6 ctia 100..008 (27 chit s6 0) la: 1+27.0+8= Ma UCLN(8:9)=1 (3) Tir (1), (2), (3) suy ra 10" + 29 => 10" +83 @ THCS.TOANMATH.com ‘Trang 22TUYEN TAP DAY DU CAC CHUYEN DE BOI DUONG HOC SINH GIOL TOAN 6 Dang 2: Chir sé tan ciing ctia mot s6 I/ PHUONG PHAP. * Tinh chit 1: a) Clic s6'c6 chit s6'tan ciing 1a 0, 1, 5, 6 khi nding lén Itty thita bac bat ki thi chié s6'tén cing vin khong thay dé. b) Ciic s6'06 chit s6'tin cling la 4, 9 Khi ning lén ly thiea bic 1é thi chit s6'tin ciing vn Kinng thay aéi. ©) Clic 56'c6 chié s6'tén cing Ia 3, 7, 9 khi nding lén lity thita bac 4n (n thugc N) thi chit so” tan citng 1a 1 4d) Cc s6'c6 chit sé tin citng la 2, 4, 8 Khi ning lén lity Hea be 4n (m thud N) thi chie sé” tan cling 1a 6. Chi y: Mudn tim chit s6 tin cing ciia s6 tu nhién x= a", trudc hét ta xac dinh chit sé tn cing cia a. - Néu chit sé tan cing cia a 13 0, 1, 5, 6 thi x cing cé chit sé tan cing 18.0, 1,5, 6. - Néu chit sé tan ciing cua a Ia 3, 7, 9: Phan tich: a® av véir=0,1,2,3 Tir tinh chit 1e => chit sé tn cing ca x chinh la chit s6 tan cling cia at - Néu chi sé tan cling ciia a 1a 2, 4, 8, cfing nhu trudng hop trén. Tir tinh chat 1d => chit sé tn cing cla x chinh la cht sé tn cling cita 6.a". * Tinh chat 2: M6t s6'te nhién bat ki, khi ndng lén lity thira bac 4n + 1 (nm thuge N) thi chié s6'tén cing viin khing thay adi, Chir s6 tan cing cia mét tong cdc li thira duge xdc dinh bing cach tinh téng cdc chit 56 tn cling ciia timg ldy thira trong téng. * Tinh chat 3: 0) S66 chit s6 tin citng la 3 khi ndng lén lity thita bac 4n + 3 sé 06 chit s 6 chit s6'tin cling Ia 7 Khi nding lén lily thiea bac 4n + 3 sé c6 chit s6'tin cing Ia 3. in cling la 7 ; 3 b) S6c6 chit s6 tin citmg Id 2 Khti nang len ly thiea bac 4n + 3 sé e6 n cling 1a 8 Khi nding lén lity thiea béc 4n + 3 s tin cing 1d 8 ; sé 06 chit 56 chit sé'téin cing la 2. ©) Ciic s8'c6 chit s6'tan ciing li 0, 1, 4, 5, 6, 9, khi nang lén liy thiea bic 4n +3 sé khong thay aéi chit s6'tén ciing. * Phuong phap diing cu tao sé dé tim chit s6 tn cing ciia sé A=nt voin, ke N -Néu A= 10a +b= ab = bla chit s6 cudi cing cua A. Ta vit: A=nt= (10q + 1)'=10'+ Fe véir © N;0< 1 <9 Chir sé cudi cing cita A chinh 1a chit s6 cudi cling cia sé r* -Néu A=100a+ be = abe thi be la hai chit sé cuéi cng cia A. =Néu A= 1000a+ bed = abed thi Bed la ba chit sé cudi cang cha A -Néu A=10".an + 4, mi @ = Ga, thi a, a, 1am chit s6 cudi cling cua A, THCS.TOANMATH.com Trang 23,TUYEN TAP DAY DU CAC CHUYEN DE BOI DUONG HQC SINH GIOL TOAN 6 Bai 1: Tim chit s6 tan ciing ctia céc 6: a7? b) 14064 ae Huéng din a) Xét 99 = 4k +3 (véi k= 24) 7 Theo tinh chdtle-> 7% c6 chit s6 tn cig 18 1 7 6 chit s6 tan cling Ia chit s6 tan cling cla 7° pe apie Ma 7? = 343 c6 chit sé tan cing la 3 7 cé chit sé tan cling 1a 3. b) Dé thay 1414 =4k +2 (voi k=353) => 146= 1407 = 1454 1 Theo tinh chat 1d => 14% c6 chit sé tan cling 1a 6 => 141 ¢6 chit s6 tan cing la chit sé tan cing cia 6.14 Ma 6.14? = 1176 cé chit s6 tan cing 1a 6 = 1418 6 chit s6 tan cing 1a 6. 6) Ta 66 567 = 4k +3 (voi k= 141) => 4267 = 48h-9 44> Theo tink chat 1d => 4% c6 chit s6 tan cling Ia 6. > 45° c6 chit s6 tan cang Ia chit sé tan cling cha 6.4° Ma 6.4 184 c6 chir 86 tn cing 1a 4 => 49 6 chit s6 tn cling 1a 4 Bai 2: Tim chit stan cling cla tng S=2'+3°+4°+... +2045. Huéng din Nhjn thay: Itiy thita trong S déu cé s@ mii khi chia cho 4 thi dur 1 (céc ldy thira déu 6 dang n!@- "1, k thude (2, 3, ..., 2004), Theo tinh chat 2 => Moi lay thita trong $ déu cé chit sé tn cing la chit sé tan cling cia co s6 tuong ting: => Chit sé tan cling ciia téing S 1a chit sé tan cing cita tong: Q+34...+9)+ 199041424 ...+9) 1424344 =200(1 +2-+... +9) +9 = 9009, Vay chit sé tan cing cita tng S18 9. Bai 3: Tim chit s6 tan cling cua tong T= 2°+397 +4"... +2004, Huéng din Nhdn tha’y Moi ly thira trong T du oé sé mai khi chia cho 4 thi du 3 (cdc lay thia déu 6 dang n*-?°9, n thuge (2,3, ... 2004)), Theo tinh chat 3 thi 2° e6 chit s6 tan cling Ia 8 ; 3” c6 chit s6 tn cling 1a 7 ; 4" c6 chit s6 tan clang la 4; Nhu vay, t@ng T cé char s6 tan cig bang char sé tan cing cia tong THCS.TOANMATH.com ‘Trang 24TUYEN TAP DAY DU CAC CHUYEN DE BOI DUONG HQC SINH GIOL TOAN 6 (BHT HAF 546434249) 41991 HBF 7 HAHS+OF SHI ATHSHT HA 2001+ 847 444546434249) 4847 +4= 9019. Vay chit s8 tan cing cia téng Ta 9 Bai 4: Tim chit sé tan cing cia 187 Huéng din Ta thay cdc sé c6 tan cing bing 7 nang lén luy thita bic 4 thi duge sé ¢é tan cling bang 1.Cac sé cé tan cling bang 1 nang Jén luf thira nao (khac 0 ) ciing tan cing bang 1. Do dé 187*= (1874)® = (....1)"=(..-1) Vay chit sé tén cling ctia 187°" la 1 Bai 5. Cho 4=2+2' +2' +....+2”. Tim chit s6 tan cling cia A. Huéng din Céch 1: Chimg minh ring 4:5 bang céch nhém A thanh tig nhom 4 sé. Ta lai cé A: 2nén A 10 vay A tan cling bing 0. (Céch 2 : Hay chiing minh ring A = 2-2 A=2!-2=(2*) 2-2=16'2-2=762-2, tan cing bing 0. Bai 6: Tim chit s6 cui cling cia sd: A= 9” Huéng din Xem sé M=9;k « N ~Néu k chin <> k =2m ta cé: M =92 = 81" = (8041)"= (10g +1)"= 10 t +1 ( véim, q, t ¢N) Vay: M cé chit sé cudi cing 1a 1 néu k chin. = N@u k 18 <>k=2me ta od: M = 921 = 92,9 = (10t + 1).9= 10q +9 (véim, t,q ©N) Vay: M cé chit s6 cudi cing 1a 9 néu k 1é, ta cd 97 1a mot sé le. Do dé: A= 9” c6 chit sé cudi cing 1a 9. Bai 7: Tim chit sO cud cling cita sé: B = 2° Huéng din B=2* =2% = (29,2 =32%2 = (3042)!62 = 10q 42" = 10g + (29.2? = 10q + (10q + 2). 2 Ot +2°= 108+2 Vay B cé chit sé cudi cing 18 2. Bai 8: Tim chit sé cudi cing cua sé A= 9” Huong din Tacé: 9 tan cing la 1 9" tan cing lA THCS.TOANMATH.com Trang 25TUYEN TAP DAY DU CAC CHUYEN DE BOI DUONG HQC SINH GIOL TOAN 6 Suy ra: 9 tan cling 1a 9, (9 1a sé Vay A=9" tan cing 1a 9, Bai 9: Tim chit s6 tn cing cita: C = 68, D = 25. Huéng din Tacé: 61 tan cing 1a 6 6 tan cling 1a 6 6 tan cling 1a 6 Vay 6° tan clung 18 6 suy ra 6%? tan cling 18 6 Ta o6: 2'= 16 tan cing 1a 6 Suy ra 2% = (28/%0,2? = (46).4 = 4 via, k ¢ N 2 tn cing la 4 Bai 10: Tim chit sé cudi cling cia sé: M= 7, G= 18" Huong din Ta 06 7*= 2401 tan clung 181 M= 7% = (74) = (ml).343 = €3 = tan cung a3 Vay M=7™*tan cling 183 *Ta cé 18' = n6 tan cing 126 Suy ra: G = 18"= (18')"18'=76 1 Vay G= 18°" tan cling 1a 8 Bai 11: Tim chit s6 tn cing cita cic s sau: a7 a3" Huéng din af Co: 9 = (G4)? =4k +1 7 =71=7,7) b/ Ta cé 14% = 1967 = (49.47 = 4k => 14!" = 26,76 = 164.2401 nén tan cling cua né 1a 6 7.49% c6 chit sé tan cing 1A 7.1=7 of C6 5° =(441)" =4k41 3. Bai 12: Tim chit s6 tan cing cha tng: T=2°+37+40 +. Huéng din Nhin xét ring céc s6 mai cia cdc s6 hang trong téng trén déu cé dang 4(n-2) +3 vdin22 Vay nén ta di tim quy luat cita chit s6 tin cing cha s6 a véia = (0....9) Ta cé : cdc s6 c6 tan ciing 1a : 0; 1; 5; 6. thi ak cling cé tan cing 1a 0; 1; 5; 6 THCS.TOANMATH.com Trang 26 81 6 tn cing 1a 3. +2004"TUYEN TAP DAY DU CAC CHUYEN DE BOI DUONG HOC SINH GIOL TOAN 6 xét 28 = 8.2 = 8.16% 06 tan cing 188 3" = 27.818 c6 tan cing 1A 7 486 64.29 64.16% 06 tan cling la 4 7 = 343.2401" c6 tn cing 1a 3 gi Vay chit sé tan cing ciia T ciing 18 chit s6 tan cling eda T= (B*7+445+6131249)4199(148+74445+6434219) 148474 = 9019 Vay chit sé'tan cling ca TIA 9. Bai 13: Cho M=2'+3°+4" +. 512.16% 6 tan cling 18 2. 2018" +2019. Tim chir sé tan ciing cua M Huong din gidi Tat ca s@ hang tng trén déu c6 dang a" = Néu a tan cing 1a 0, 1, 5, 6 thi a“*"' tan cling gidng tan cing cua a Néu a tan cling 18 7, 9 suy ra a? 6 tan ciing 18 1 suy ra a’ tan cling Ia 1 suy ra a .acé tan cing gidng a Néu a tan cing la 3 suy ra a? tan cling la 9 suy ra 1 suy ra a tan cling la Isuy ra a™ .acé tan cing gidng a N@u a tn cing 1a 2 suy ra a‘ tan cling 18 6 suy ra a a tan cing giding 6.2 => tan ching la 2=> gidng a Chting minh tuong ty ta cé céc sé tan cing 1a 4, 8 thi a" .acé tan cling giding a Vay a"! c6 chit sé tan cing gidng a véi moi a © Chir sé tan cing ciia M giéng chit sé tan cing cia N vi N 1A tong 2019.2020 N=243444..42019=: 1=2019.1010-1 Do 2019.1010 cé tan cing 1a 0 => N tn cing 1a 9 => M tan cing 1a 9. I1/ BAI TAP THAM KHAO THE: Bai tp 13: Tim chit sé tan cing cita X, Y: X=2+ 36441... +2004 Y=28+3244064.., + 2004s Bai tap 14: Ching minh ring chit sé tan ciing ciia hai téng sau giéng nhau: Un 243544? +... +2005" Va2437+ 44... +2005 Bai tp 15: Chiing minh ring khéng ton tai cdc s6 tyr nhién x, y, z théa man: 19* +57 + 19807 = 1975 + 2004. B/ TIM HAI CHU $6 TAN CUNG. Néit x EN vit x= 100k + y, trong d6 k; y © N thi hai chit s0'tan cling ciia x ciing chink la hai chit 36 tin clang ctiay. THCS.TOANMATH.com Trang 27TUYEN TAP DAY DU CAC CHUYEN DE BOI DUONG HQC SINH GIOL TOAN 6 © Phuong phdp tim hai chit s6'tin cing cia s6 te nhién x = a nbue sau: Truong hop 1: Nei a chin thi x=a"! 2", Goin la s6 Viet m = pr + q (pq € N), trong a6 gq li s6’ nha nhat dé = alam -1) +a Vian?! 25 => a"-13 x= 25, Miit khic, do (4, 25) = 1 nén ai(ar" - 1) : 100. Viiy hai chit s6tan ciang ciia a” ciing chink li hai chit s6'tan cig ciia a Tiep theo, ta tin hai chit s6 tan ciing ctia a Tredng hop 2: Néiv a8, goi nl s6' tee mhién sao cho a1 Viét m= u* +0 (u;v EN, 0S 0 a"~- 100. 00. Vly hai chit sé’ tin cing ctia a” ciing chinh Ia hai chit s6'tin cling cia a’. Tim hai chit s6' tin cing ctia a°. Trong hai trudng hop dé gidi dugc bai todn ching ta phai tim duoc s6’te nhién n. Nei icing mhé thi q v8.0 cing nhd nén sé dé dng tin: hai chit s6 tan cling ctia at va a MOT S6 TRUONG HOP CU THE VE 2 CHU S6 TAN CUNG Cie $66 tin cling bing 01 ,25,76 nang len lug thiea ndo (kh O)cang tén citng bing 01 25,76 ~ Cc 863% ( hoc 81°) ,71,51°,99° c6 tén cing bing 01 ~ Cie s6'22°, 65 18,242 68,742 c6 tin citng biing 76 - $626" (n> 1) cé tan ciing bing 76 Bai tp 16: Tim hai chit sé tan cing cia 7" Huéng din 2401 , s6 c6 tan cling bing 01 nang lén lug thiza nao cing tan cing 7191 = 7108.73 = (79)97 343 17.348 = (....01).343 =, Vay 7% c6 hai chit sé tan cing bing 43 Bai tp 17: Tim hai chtr sé tan cling cita 2" Huéng din Chu y rang : 2 = 1024 ,binh phuong cua sé cé tan cling bang 24 thi tan cing bang, 76,s6 co tan cing bang 76 nang lén luy thira nao (khdc 0) cing tan cing bing 76. Do dé ( 2)%(2)°=(1024)! =(10242)' =(....76)5=....76 Vay hai chit sé tan cing ciia 2" 13 76 Bai tip 18. Tim hai chit s6 tn cling cba: a) 51"; b) 99"; THCS.TOANMATH.com Trang 28TUYEN TAP DAY DU CAC CHUYEN DE BOI DUONG HQC SINH GIOL TOAN 6 o) 6; d) 14.16" Huéng din a) 15%= (ry si "= 224" = (224°) ) 14°16" =(14.16) Bai toan 19: Tim hai chit s6 tan cing cua cdc 86: a) ame b) Huéng din a) Do 28°" 1a s6 chin, theo truong hop 1, ta tim s6 ty nhién n nhé nhat sao cho 2-1: 25, Ta 06 2! = 1024 => 241 = 1025 } 25=>29-1= (2+ 1)(2"- 1); => 22-1) } 100. Mat Kind: 2289 = 23(2200 1) +29 = 25((22)100 1) + 29 = 100k +8 (k € N). Vay hai chit sé tan cling cua 2°*° 1a 08. b) Do 7” la sé lé, theo trudng hgp 2, ta tim sé tu nhién n bé nhat sao cho 7" - 1: 100. Ta c6 7*=2401 => 74-1} 100. M&t khdc: 99-1! 4=>99=4k +1 (KEN) Vay 7% = 7" = 7(7%- 1) +7 = 100q +7 (q EN) tan cing boi hai chit s6 07. Bai tp 20: Tim hai chit s@ tan cing cia s6: C=2”, D=3 Hung din “Ta eb: 2° c6 2 chit sé tn cing 1a 76. Suy ra: C=2=(2%)#,2!%=(576). n88 (vdi y, n, q © N) Vay “Ta c6: 3D = 3 =(3)°° =(KOT)* = 201 9 c6 2 chit s6 tan cling 1a 88 Nén 3D tn cing 1a 01, ma 3.3% ! 3 => chit s6 hang trim cua 31° 1a 2 =3310 tn cling 1a 201 Vay 3 c6 hai chit s@ tan cing 1a 67 Bai tp 21: Tim hai chit sé tan cling ciia 6 a)M=7 b)N=2468 ©) Q= 81 Huéng din a)Ta 06 7* c6 hai chit sé tan cling 1a 01 THCS.TOANMATH.com ‘Trang 29TUYEN TAP DAY DU CAC CHUYEN DE BOI DUONG HQC SINH GIOL TOAN 6 Suy ra M = 76 = (74)2241,72= (G01 )1,49 = C0149 = 249 (vi acn Z = 26% = (26"78.267= (076 )*3. 676 = K16 676 = 076 (Vin, k, te N) Vay Z = 26% cé hai chi s@ tan cling 18 76 b) Ta cé 68* cé hai chit sé tan clang 1a 76 Suy ra C = 68™ = (68')*8,68"= (7176 )*.4624 = k76 4624 = 124 (véin, k, te N) Vay C=68™ c6 hai chit s6 tan cling la 24 Bai tap 23:Tim hai chit s6 cudi cimg cita sé: C= 2” Huéng din "Ta c6: 2+ 1 =1024 +1 = 1025 : 25 suy ra 2-1! 25 Ta lai e6 200 —1 = (2899-1 § 21 guy ra2—1 | 25 Do dé 2" chit s6 tan cing 1A 26 ;51; 76 nhung 2! 4 Suy ra 20 tan cing 18 76 => 2 tan cing 18 38 hoc 88 vi 2"! 4 => 2 tan cing 1a 88 Vay C=2" o6 hai chit sé tan cling 18 88. Bai tgp 24: Tim hai chi s6 tan cing cia s6: D=3” Huong dan Ta c6: 92° tan cing 13.1; 92°" tan cing 1a 9 Ta hay tim sé du cha phép chia 9° +1 cho 100 Ta c6: 9° +1 =10(9'-9 + 9-9 +1) S6: 984-91 tan cing a3 9°49 tan cing 1a 8 Suy ra (9-99 +929 4-1) tan cing la 5 > 8-9-9 -9+1= 10g +5 => 9+1=100q +50 => 91 = (H+ 1)(9%— 1) = 100 THCS.TOANMATH.com Trang 30TUYEN TAP DAY DU CAC CHUYEN DE BOI DUONG HQC SINH GIOL TOAN 6 Ta lai c6: 3° - 1 = 95-1 = (9191 suy ra3™—1 ! 100 => 30 tan ching 1a 01. Mat khdc 3 Suy ra chit sé hang trim ciia 3 phai 13 2 (dé 201 chia hét cho 3) > 3° chir sO tn cing 18 201 Do dé 3” tan cing 13 67. Bai tp 25: Tim hai chit s6 tn cling cita 36 A=9” Huéng din A= 9" = (10-17 "cd dang: (10 - 1)° véi nes? ta lai c6 AHC8.10°-Ch 104. CH 10-C8 Suy ra A c6 hai chit sé cudi cing C10 - Ct = 101-186 n= 9%tan cling 1a 9 Voia Suy ra 10n tan cing 1a 90 => a=10n-1 tan cing 1a 89 Vay sé A= 9°" cé hai chit sé cudi cing 1a 89 Bai tp 26: Tim hai chit s6 tn cing cita cdc tng: a) Si = 12 + 2282 + 3+. + 20042 b) Sem 12 + 2m 4. 3 4+ 20042 Huéng din a) Dé thay, néu a chin thi a? chia hét cho 4 ; n€u a le thi al™® - 1 chia hét cho 4; néu a chia hét cho 5 thi a chia hét cho 25. Mat khdc, tir tinh chat 4 ta suy ra voi moi a EN va (a, Vay vai moi a € N ta 06 a%(a™- 1) # 100, Do dé Si = 12% + 25(22- 1) +... + 20047(2004% - 1) 422+ 32+... +2008, => Hai chit s6 tn cing cia tng $1 cing chinh 1 hai chit s6 tan cing cua téing P+P+ H+... + 2008, Tac6: 2+ 243+... ¢nt=n(n+1)Qn + 1)/6 D1? +2? +. + 2004 = 2005 x 4009 x 334 = 2684707030, tan cling 1a 30. =1tacéal™-15 Vay hai chit sé tan ciing cia tng $1 18 30. b) Hoan toan tuong ty nhur céu a, Sa= 120 + 28°22 1) + + 20045(2004° - 1) +2" + 3 + 2004". > Hai chér s6 tan cling cita téng Se cing chinh 18 hai chit s6 tan cing cha tong, P+B+ H+... +2008, Ap dung céng thtte: 1° +2" +...4n' => T+ 2+ + 2004* = (2005 x 1002)? = 4036121180100, tan cling 1a 00. Vay hai chit sé tén cing cia téng S218 00 C/TIM BA CHU S6 TAN CUNG TRO LEN. THCS.TOANMATH.com Trang 31TUYEN TAP DAY DU CAC CHUYEN DE BOI DUONG HQC SINH GIOL TOAN 6 1/ PHUONG PHAP. Vige tim ba chit s6 tin cing cia sé ty nhién x chinh Ia vige tim s6 du cia phép chia x cho 1000. Néu x= 1000k + y, trong dé k ; y © N thi ba chit sé tan cing cia x céing chinh la ba chit s6 tan cing cita y (y $x). Do 1000 = 8 . 125 ma (8, 125) = 1 nén ta dé xudt phuong phdp tim ba chi s6 tan cing cla sé ty nhién x = a nhu sau: Trudng hop 1: Néu a chin thi x = a® chia hét cho 2". Goi n 1a sé ty nhién sao cho a*- 1 chia hét cho 125. Viét m= p"+q (pq €N), trong dé q 12 s6 nhé nhat dé a% chia hét cho 8 ta 06: x=am=as(arr- 1) + a8. Via” - 1 chia hét cho 125 => ar" - 1 chia hét cho 125. M&t khdc, do (8, 125) = 1 nén ax(aP* - 1) chia hét cho 1000. Vay ba chit sé tan cling cia a” cing chinh Ia ba chit sé tan cling cua a4 > Tim ba chit sé tan cling cita a®. Truong hop 2: Néu a lé, goin la sé tx nhién sao cho a° - 1 chia hét cho 1000. Vigt m =u" + v (u;v €N, 0S v a® - 1 chia hét cho 1000. a= ar(a-1) +a" Vay ba chit s6 tan cing cita a® ciing chinh Ia ba chit sé tn cling cia a" © Tim ba chit sé tan ciing cia a ‘Tinh chat 4 =>Tinh chat 6: Néu a EN va (a, 5) = 1 thi al™®- 1 chia hét cho 125, Ching minh: Do a®- 1 chia hét cho 25 nén a, a, a, a khi chia cho 25 cé cling s6 dur 1a 1 => a® + al + all + al! +1 chia hét cho 5. Vay a! - 1 = (a - 1)( at +a + a! + a% + 1) chia hét cho 125. MOT SO TRUONG HOP CU THE VE 3 CHU S6 TAN CUNG Cie 001 376 ,625 - Cée s6'c6 tin cing bing 0625 nang lén lug thiea nao (kde 0) ciing tin cimg bing 0625. 6 tiin cling bang 001 ,376 ,625 ndng lén luy thita nao (khac 0) cting tan cling bing Bai tap 27: Tim bén chér s& tan cling ciia 5" Huéng dan 519 259)" =6259* 0625 0625) Vay bin chit s6 tan cling ctia 51a 0625 Bai tp 28: Tim ba chit sé tan cing ciia si T = 5% Huéng din Ta c6 5° cd ba chit sé tan cing la 1 Suy ra T= 56 = (5°)*8,5=(n125 )5.5 THCS.TOANMATH.com Trang 32 165TUYEN TAP DAY DU CAC CHUYEN DE BOI DUONG HQC SINH GIOL TOAN 6 (Véin, m,te N) Vay T = 5% 06 ba chit s6 tan cing 18 125. Bai tip 29: Tim 4 chit sé tan cing cia sé: P= 5 Huéng din 0625 tan cing 18 0625 5 tn cling 1a 3125, Stan cling 18 5625 5 tn cling 1a 8125, S*tan cling 18 0625 5 tan cling 18 3125 Ta 6: 5° tan cing la 5625 5” tan cing la 8125 5” tan cling 1 0625 Chu ky lip 1a 4 Suy ra: 5% tan cing 1a 0625 5% tan cling 18 3125 54 tan cing 1a 5625 549 tan cling 1a 8125 Ma 1994 6 dang 4m2. Do dé M=5'! 06 4 chit s6 tan cling 18 5625. Bai tap 30:Tim ba chit sé tan cing cia 123". Huong dan Theo tinh chat 6, do (123, 5) = 1 => 123-1 chia hét cho 125 (1). Mat khdc: 123° -1 = (123% - 1)(123% + 1)(123" + 1) => 123-1 chia hét cho 8 2). Vi (8, 125) = 1, tir (1) va (2) suy ra: 123 - 1 chi hét cho 1000 => 1239 = 123(123 - 1) + 123 = 1000k + 123 (KN). Vay 123 c6 ba chit sé tan cing 1a 123. Bai tp 31:Tim ba chit sé tn cing cia 3, Huéng din Theo tinh chat 6, do (9, 5)=1=>9°*- 1 chi hét cho 125 (1). Tuong ty bai 11, ta cé 9-1 chia hét cho 8 (2). Vi (8, 125) = 1, ta (1) va (2) suy ra: 91-1 chia hét cho 1000 => 30% = 919.9 = 910+ = GBI - 1) + 9 = 1000q + 9” (p,q EN). Vay ba chit sé tan cing cia 3% cing chinh Ia ba chit s6 tn cing cilia 9”. Lai vi 9! -1 chia hét cho 1000 => ba chit sé tan cling cita 9 18 001 ma 9% = 93%, 9 => ba chit sé tan cing cia 9 1a 889 (dé kiém tra chif sé tan cuing cla 9 1a 9, sau dé dua vao phép nhan 729x9 = ..001. dé xéc dinh 229 = 889), THCS.TOANMATH.com Trang 33,TUYEN TAP DAY DU CAC CHUYEN DE BOI DUONG HQC SINH GIOL TOAN 6 Vay ba chit s ‘Truong hgp 3: Néu s6 da cho chia hét cho 8 thi ta cing cé thé tim ba chit sé tan cing mot céch gidn tiép theo cae bude: 8 tan cig ciia 3. 18 889, BI: Tim dur cia phép chia s6 d6 cho 125 B2: Suy ra cdc kha ning ciia ba chit 6 tan cling BS: Kiém tra diéu kién chia hét cho 8 dé chon gia tri ding, Bai tp 32: Tim ba chit sé tan cing ciia 2004, Huéng din Do (2004, 5) =1 (tink chat 6) = 2004" chia cho 125 dur 1 > 2004 = (2004)? chia cho 125 dur 1 > 2004 chi o6 thé tan cling IA 126, 251, 376, 501, 626, 751, 876. Do 2004" chia hét cho 8 nén chi c6 thé tan cing 18 376. Bai tp 33: Tim bon chir s6 tan cing ciia 5% Huéng din 5192 =(59) 88 =6258 =0625° =(..0625) Vay béin chit sO tan cling cia 5118 0625 1 BAI TAP THAM KHAO THEM Bai tap 34: Chitng minh 1° + 2" +3*+ 4» chia hét cho 5 Khi va chi khi n Khong chia hét cho 4 Bai tap 35: Chung minh 9228, 7228 0§ chit s6 tan cing gidng nhau. Bai t@p 36: Tim hai chir s@ tan cing cua: a3” b) 1128 Bai tp 37: Tim hai chit sé tn cling cita: $= 29+ 28+... +200 Bai tp 38: Tim ba chir s6 tan cling cha: S= 124+ 2801+ .. + 200320 Bai tip 39: Cho (a, 10) = 1. Chiing minh ring ba chit sé tin cing cia a" cling bing ba chi 86 tan cing cua a. Bai tp 40: Cho A la mt s@ chin khOng chia hét cho 10. Hay tim ba chit s6 tan cing clia A®® Bai tap 41: Tim ba chit sé tan cing cita s@: 199310%.20 Bai tp 42: Tim sdu chit s6 tan cing cia 5”. D/ VAN DUNG TiM CHU $6 TAN CUNG DE CHUNG MINH CHIA HET CHO MOT sé. Bai tip 43: Chitng minh ring 8-2 chia hét cho 10 Huong din Ta thay cdc sé o6 tan cling bing 2 hogc 8 nang Jén lu thita 4 thi duge s6 cé tan cing, la 6.MGt sé cé tan ciing bing 6 nang lén luy thira nao (khéc 0) cing tan cling bang 6 Do dé ta bign déi nhu sau: THCS.TOANMATH.com Trang 34TUYEN TAP DAY DU CAC CHUYEN DE BOI DUONG HQC SINH GIOL TOAN 6 81 =(B8PP.8? = (,...6)8.64(....6).64 =. A Dil = 288.2? 168.4 =(...6)4 = 4 Vay 8-20 tan cling bing 0 nén chia hét cho 10 Bai tp 44: Ton tai hay khong sé ty nhién n sao cho n? +n + I chia hét cho 1995%° Huéng din Theo tinh chat 1a -> 1995*° tan cling boi chit s6 5 nén chia hét cho 5. Vi vay, ta dat van dé a ligu n? +n + 1 06 chia hét cho 5 khong ? Ta o6 n?-+n=n(n +1), 18 tich ciia hai s6 tur nhién lign tip => Chit sf tan cling ciia n? +n chi cé thé'la 0;2;6 => né+n+1 chicé thé tan cling 181 ;3;7 =>n?-+n+1 khéng chia hét cho 5. Vay khéng tin tai s@ ty nhién n sao cho n?+n+1 chia hét cho 1995%* Bai tap 45: Ching minh rang 26° chia hét cho 8 Huong din Ta thay :26% 11881376 ,s6 cé tan cing bing 376 nang én lu thita nao(khéc 0) cling, c6 tan cling bing 376.Do dé: 2687(265)4(...376)"(...376) MA 376 chia hét cho 8 M6t s6 cd ba chit s6 tan cling chia hét cho 8 thi chia hét cho 8 Vay 26° chia hét cho 8 Bai tp 46: Chig to ring 17° +24* 13” chia hét cho 10. Huéng din ‘Tim chit sé tan cling cita 17°; 24" — 13"! => Chir s6 tan cing cua 17° +24*-13"" 1a 0, IF +2413": 10 Bai tap 47: Chting minh rang voi moi sé ty nhién n. a) T*=1 chia hét cho 5; b) 3°"! +2 chia hét cho ©) 2" +3 chia hét cho 5; d) 2"? 41 chia hét cho 5; e) 9" +1 chia hét cho 10. Huéng din a) 7 -1=(7*)" -1=2401" -1=. 1, tin ciing bang 0. Vay 7-135 b) 3" +2=(3")'.34+2=81".3+2=..13+2, tan ciing bang 5. Vay 31 +255, oc) 2 43 = (24)".24+3=16".2+3 =1.6.2+3, tan cling bing 5. THCS.TOANMATH.com Trang 35TUYEN TAP DAY DU CAC CHUYEN DE BOI DUONG HQC SINH GIOL TOAN 6 Vay 2° +335, d) 2"? +1 tan cing bang 5 nén chia hét cho 5. ¢) 9"! 41=(0°)'.9+1=81'941=2.1.9-41, tan cling bing 0. Vay 9" +1 chia hét cho 10. Bai tip 48. Chitng minh ring 26%” chia hét cho 8 Huéng din Ta thay 26° Nao (khac 0) cing cé tan cling bang 376. Do dé: 261° (26°)"= (...376)™= (...376) MA 376 chia hét cho 8 Mit s& cé ba chit sé tan ciing chia hét cho 8 thi chia hét cho 8 Vay 26" chia hét cho 8 Bai t§p 49: Chting minh rang 1991”-1997" 10 = 11881376, sé 6 tan cling bang 376 nang lén lay thiza Huéng din La chiing minh 2 s6 06 cing chit s6 tan cing: Ta c6 1991 va 197" c6 cing chit s6 tin cing la 1 Suy ra 1917-19976! 10 Bai tp 50: Ton tai hay khéng sé ty nhién n sao cho sé n? +n + 1 chia hét cho 2005 Huéng din $6 2005 e6 tan cling 1a 5. nén né chia hét cho 5 Ta c6 n?+n+1=n(n+l) +1 chi cé thé 6 cdc chit s6 tan cling 1A 1, 3, 7. nén né khong chia hét cho 5 Vay khong ton tain. Bai tp 51: Cho P 1A sé nguyén t6 lén hon 5. chting minh ring (P® + 3p -4 Huong din ViP 1a s6 nguyén t6 Ion hon § nén tan cling cla p chi c6 thé 1a cde chit 86:1; 3;7;9 Néu P cé tan cing la 1 thi P+ 3p!~4 6 tan cling 14 0 nén né chia hét cho 5 Néu P c6 tan cing 1a 3 thi p= 10k+ 3" = 10k + 81° c6 tan cling 1a 1. p* e6 tn cing 1a 1.nén: P* + 3p! —4 cé tan cing 1a 0. nén né chia hét cho 5 Néu p cé tan ciing 1a 7 thi tuong tu. tan cing cia pi va p* cing cé tan cling 1a 1. nén téng chia hét cho 5 Néu p cé tan cing 1 9 thizp** = 10k + 9*° = 10k + 81% cé tan cing 1a Iva p= (p")? 6 tan cling 11 Nén t6ng trén ciing chia hét cho 5. ‘Tém lai véi p nguyén t6 lon hom 5 thi téng luén chia hét cho 5 Nh§n xét chung vé phuong phép: 1. Tach a dx6i dang (10k + a1)" voi as = {0, 1, 9} THCS.TOANMATH.com Trang 36TUYEN TAP DAY DU CAC CHUYEN DE BOI DUONG HQC SINH GIOL TOAN 6 2. Viétn dudidangn=4q+r (r=0,1,2,3) 3. Sir dung nhan xét 1, 2, 3 da chimg minh o trén. Bai tp 52: Chiig minh ring n® van cé chit s@ tn cung gidng nhau Huéng din Dé ching minh n*va n c6 cing chit s6 tn cling la di chting minh n*—n ? 10 Tacé: A =n? =n=n(nl-l).(n%1) = (n-1).n(nl) (r°1) Ta cé 10255 va ( (r-1), n, #1 1a cde sB tye nhién lin tigp SuyraA!2 Chimg minh A! Snéun ! 5 thi A! 5 Néu niSdwisuyrandi5 >A n:5 dur2 suy ra n+ = (Gk+2)/H1 = (5k)420k441 5 ALS n:5 dur3 suy ran? #1 =(Skt3)°H = (5k)"+30k#941 5 AE n: 5 dud suy rant $5 A'S Vay Ai2va A'S <> A! 10 Vay n® va n c6 ciing chit s6 tan cing. Bai tp 53: Tim sé du cita phép chia 3 cho 25, Huong din Trude hét ta tim hai chit sé tn cling ctia 3°”. Do s6 nay 1é => Ta phai tim s6 ty nhién mnhé nhit sao cho 3-1: 100. Ta 06 39° = 9° = 59049 => 3" +1 | 50=>3-1= (3 +1) "= 1) | 100, Mat khdc: 5-1! 4=>5(5!-1) ! 20 => 517= 56-1) +5=20k +5 =>3? = BML“S = 33-1) +3 Vay s® du ctia phép chia 3%” cho 25 18 18. * Chi y: Trong trutng hgp 6 da cho chia hét cho 4 thi ta cé thé tim theo céch gién tigp: = 34-1) + 243, c6 hai chit s6 tan cling 1 43. BI: Tim s@ du cia phép chia s6 46 cho 25, tir dé suy ra céc kha nang cua hai chit s6 tan cing. B2: Duta vao gid thiét chia hét cho 4 dé chon gid tri ding. V zuno _ 2000 “ 4 an chia htt 5 Bai 54: Cho O- 3 36°") Ching minh Q 12 s6 ty nhién chia hét cho 5. Huéng din giai ‘Vi 2020; 2008 déu 1a béi cia 4 nén 2020°"* va 2008" ciing 1a bGi cia 4. Dat 2020"" =4m (meN*) ; 20087 = 4n (neN*) Khi do PP 38" — 7m _ 38 = (7*)" -(3*)" = 2401" 81". THCS.TOANMATH.com ‘Trang 37