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`HY DER A B A D C EN T RES

IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
FOR

HALF YEARLY
IN

FIRST YEAR
MATHS-IB
2022 – 2023

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INTERMEDIATE 1st YEAR MATHS-IB HALF YEARLY SYLLABUS

ACADEMIC YEAR 2022-2023

CHAPTER – I : LOCUS

CHAPTER –II : TRANSFORMATION OF AXES

CHAPTER – III : STRAIGHT LINES

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LOCUS
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. Find the equation of the locus of P , if the ratio of the distances from P to A(5, –4) and B(7, 6) is
2 : 3.
Sol: Let P x , y  be any point on the locus.
AP 2
The geometric condition to be satisfied by P is 
PB 3
 3 AP  2 PB
 9 AP 2  4 PB2
 9 x  5   y  4   4 x  7    y  6 
2 2 2 2
   
 9  x 2  25  10 x  y 2  16  8y   4 x 2  49  14 x  y 2  36  12 y 
 
 5x 2  5 y 2  34 x  120 y  29  0

Hence, the required equation of locus is 5 x 2  y 2   34 x  120 y  29  0

2. Find the equation of locus of a point P such that the distance of P from origin is twice the
distance of P from A1, 2
Sol: O 0, 0 , A1, 2 are the given points.
P x , y  is any point on the locus
Given condition is OP  2 AP
 OP 2  4 AP 2
 x 2  y 2  4[( x  1)2  ( y  2)2 ]
 x 2  y 2  4( x 2  2 x  1  y 2  4 y  4)
 x 2  y 2  4 x 2  4 y 2  8x  16 y  20
Equation to the locus of P is 3x 2  3 y 2  8x  16 y  20  0

3. Find the equation of locus of P , if the line segment joining (2, 3) and (–1, 5) subtends a right angle
at P .
Sol: A(2, 3), B(–1, 5) are the given points.
P x , y  is any point on the locus.

Given condition is APB  900

 AP 2  PB2  AB2
 ( x  2)2  ( y  3)2  ( x  1)2  ( y  5)2  (2  1)2  (3  5)2
 x 2  4 x  4  y 2  6 y  9  x 2  2 x  1  y 2  10 y  25  9  4
 2 x 2  2 y 2  2 x  16 y  26  0
Locus of P is x 2  y 2  x  8 y  13  0 , ( x , y )  (2, 3) and ( x , y )  (1, 5)

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4. Find the locus of the third vertex of a right angled triangle, the ends of whose hypotenuse are
(4, 0) and (0, 4).
Ans: x 2  y 2  4x  4y  0

5. The ends of the hypotenuse of a right angled triangle are (0, 6) and (6, 0). Find the equation of the
locus of its third vertex.
Ans: x 2  y 2  6 x  6 y  0 , x , y   0,6 and x , y   6,0

6. Find the equation of locus of a point, the difference of whose distances from (–5, 0) and (5, 0) is 8.
Sol: A(5, 0), B(–5, 0) are the given points.
P x , y  is any point on the locus.
Given condition is PA  PB  8
 PA  PB  8
 PA  PB  8
Square on both sides
 PA2  PB2  64  16 PB
 PA2  PB2  64  16 PB
 x  5   y  0    x  5   y  0   64  16 PB
2 2 2 2
   
 20 x  64  16 PB
 5x  16  4 PB
Squaring on both sides
 25x 2  160x  256  16 x  5   y  0 
2 2
 
 9 x 2  16 y 2  144
x2 y 2
Locus of P is  1
16 9

7. Find the equation of the locus of P, if A = (4, 0), B = (–4, 0) and PA  PB  4 .

x2 y 2
Ans:  1
4 12

8. Find the equation of the locus of a point, the sum of whose distances from (0, 2) and (0, –2) is 6.
Sol: A0, 2 , B0, 2 are the given points.
P x , y  is any point on the locus.
Given condition is PA  PB  6
 PA  6  PB
 PA2  PB2  36  12 PB
 PA2  PB2  36  12 PB
 x  0   y  2   x  0   y  2   36  12 PB
2 2 2 2
   
 8 y  36  12 PB

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 2 y  9  3PB

 4 y 2  36 y  81  9 x  0   y  2 
2 2
 
 9 x 2  5 y 2  45
x2 y 2
Locus of P is  1
5 9

9. Find the equation of locus of P, if A (2, 3), B (2, –3) and PA + PB = 8.

Ans: 16 x 2  7 y 2  64x  48  0

10. A(5, 3) and B(3, –2) are two fixed points. Find the equation of the locus of P , so that the area of
triangle PAB is 9.
Sol: A(5, 3), B(3, –2) are the given points.
P x , y  is any point on the locus.
Given condition is ar (PAB)  9
1
 |5(2  y )  3( y  3)  x(3  2)| 9
2
|10  5 y  3y  9  5x| 18
 5x  2 y  19  18
 5x  2 y  37  0 or 5x  2 y  1  0
 Locus of P is (5x  2 y  37)(5x  2 y  1)  0

11. A(2, 3), B(–3, 4) be two given points. Find the equation of locus of P so that the area of the
triangle PAB is 8.5
Ans: x 2  10 xy  25 y 2  34 x  170 y  0

12. A(1, 2), B(2, –3) and C(–2, 3) are three points. A point P moves such that PA2  PB2  2 PC 2 .
Show that the equation to the locus of P is 7 x  7 y  4  0 .
Sol: Let P x , y  be a point on locus.
Given points A  1, 2 , B  2, 3 and C  2,3
Given condition is PA2  PB2  2 PC 2
 x  1   y  2   x  2   y  3  2 x  2   y  3 
2 2 2 2 2 2
 
 2 x 2  2 y 2  6 x  2 y  18  2 x 2  2 y 2  8x  12 y  26
 14 x  14 y  8  0
 7 x  7 y  4  0 is the equation of locus.

13. Find the equation of locus of a point P such PA2  PB2  2c 2 , where A   a ,0 , B  a ,0 and
0 a  c
Ans: x 2  y 2  c 2  a2

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TRANSFORMATION OF AXES
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. When the origin is shifted to (–1, 2) by the translation of axes, find the transformed equation of
x 2  y 2  2x  4y  1  0

Sol: Given shifting origin is h , k   1, 2

x  X  h  X  1 and y  Y  k  Y  2

The transformed equation of x 2  y 2  2 x  4 y  1  0 is

2 2
X  1  Y  2  2 X  1  4 Y  2  1  0
 X 2  2 X  1  Y 2  4Y  4  2 X  2  4Y  8  1  0
 X2 Y2  4  0

2. When the origin is shifted to (–1, 2) by the translation of axes, find the transformed equations of
2 x2  y 2  4x  4y  0

Ans: 2 x 2  y 2  8x  8 y  18  0

3. When the origin is shifted to the point (2, 3), the transformed equation of a curve is
x 2  3xy  2 y 2  17 x  7 y  11  0 . Find the original equation of the curve.
Sol: Given shifting origin is h , k   2, 3
x '  x  h  x  2 and y '  y  k  y  3

The original equation of transformed equation x 2  3xy  2 y 2  17 x  7 y  11  0 is

( x  2)2  3(x  2)( y  3)  2( y  3) 2  17( x  2)  7( y  3)  11  0

 x 2  4 x  4  3xy  9 x  6 y  18  2 y 2  12 y  18  17 x  34  7 y  21  11  0

 x 2  3xy  2 y 2  4 x  y  20  0

 The required original equation is x 2  3xy  2 y 2  4 x  y  20  0

4. The point to which the origin is shifted and the transformed equation are given below. Find the
original equation.
(i) 3, 4 ; x 2  y 2  4

(ii) 1, 2 ; x 2  2 y 2  16  0

Ans: (i) x 2  y 2  6 x  8 y  21  0

(ii) x 2  2 y 2  2 x  8 y  25  0

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5. Find the point to which the origin is to be shifted by the translation of axes so as to remove the
first degree terms from the equation ax 2  2 hxy  by 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 , where h 2  ab .
Sol: Let the origin is shifted to ( , ) by the translation of axes.

Then x  x'   , y  y '   .

On substituting these in the given equation, we get
2 2
a x'     2 h  x'    y '    b  y '    2 g  x'     2 f  y '    c  0

ax'2  2 hx' y '  by '2  2 x'  a  h  g  2 y ' h  b  f   a 2  2 h  b2  2 g  2 f   c  0.....(1)
If equation (1) has to be free from the first degree terms, then we have
a  h  g  0 and h  b  f  0
hf  bg gh  af
Solving these two equations for  and  , we get   , 
ab  h 2 ab  h 2
 hf  bg gh  af 
Therefore, the origin is to be shifted to   , h  ab 
2
,
 ab  h 2 ab  h 2 


6. When the axes are rotated through an angle , find the transformed equation of
4
3x 2  10 xy  3 y 2  9 .

Sol: Given equation is 3x 2  10 xy  3 y 2  9  0 …………(1)


Angle of rotation of axes  
4
Let X , Y  be the new co-ordinates of x , y 
  X Y
x  X cos   Y sin   X cos  Y sin 
4 4 2
  X Y
y  X sin   Y cos   X sin  Y cos 
 4 2
Transformed equation of (1) is
 X  Y 2  X  Y  X  Y   X  Y 2
3    10      3   9  0
 2   2  2   2 

3
 X 2  2 XY  Y 2 
 10
 X2 Y 2 
3
 X 2  2 XY  Y 2 
9  0
2 2 2
 3X  6 XY  3Y  10 X  10Y  3X  6 XY  3Y 2  18  0
2 2 2 2 2

16 X 2  4Y 2  18  0
8X 2  2Y 2  9
 The transformed equation is 8X 2  2Y 2  9

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7. When the axes are rotated through an angle 45 , the transformed equation of a curve is
17 x 2  16 xy  17 y 2  225 . Find the original equation of the curve.
Sol: Angle of rotation   45
xy
x '  x cos   y sin   x cos 45  y sin 45 
2
x  y
y '  x sin   y cos   x sin 45  y cos 45 
2
The original equation of 17 x 2  16 xy  17 y 2  225 is

 x  y 2  x  y  2
 x  y   17  x  y   225
17    16 
 2   2   2   2 
 x 2  y 2  2 xy   y 2  x 2   x 2  y 2  2 xy 
 17    16 

  17 

  225
 2   2   2 

 17 x 2  17 y 2  34 xy  16 y 2  16 x 2  17 x 2  17 y 2  34 xy  450

 50 x 2  50 y 2  450

 x 2  y 2  9 is the original equation.


8. When the axes are rotated through an angle , find the transformed equation of
6
x 2  2 3xy  y 2  2 a2 .
Sol: Angle of rotation   30
3X  Y
x  X cos   Y sin   X cos 30 0  Y sin 30 
2
X  3Y
y  X sin   Y cos   X sin 30  Y cos 30 
2
The transformed equation of x 2  2 3xy  y 2  2 a2 is

 3X  Y 2  3X  Y  X  3Y   X  3Y 2

   2 3        2 a2
 2   2  2   2 

3X 2  2 3XY  Y 2  3X 2  XY  3XY  3Y 2  X 2  2 3XY  3Y 2

  2 3     2 a2
4  4  4

 3X 2  2 3XY  Y 2   2 3  3X 2  2 XY  3Y 2    X 2  2 3XY  3Y 2   8 a2

 3X 2  2 3XY  Y 2  6 X 2  4 3XY  6Y 2  X 2  2 3XY  3Y 2  8 a 2

 8X 2  8Y 2  8a 2  X 2  Y 2  a 2
 The transformed equation is x 2  y 2  a 2 .

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1  2 h 
9. Show that the axes are to be rotated through an angle of Tan1   so as to remove the xy
2  a  b 

term from the equation ax 2  2 hxy  by 2  0 if a  b , and through an angle if a  b .
4
Sol: If the axes are rotated through an angle '  ' , then
x  x' cos   y ' sin  , y  x' sin   y ' cos 

Therefore the given equation ax 2  2 hxy  by 2  0 transforms as

2 2
a x' cos   y ' sin   2 h x' cos   y ' sin  x' sin   y ' cos   b x' sin   y ' cos   0

To remove x' y ' term from the equation, the coefficient of x' y ' term must be zero.

 (b  a)sin  cos   h cos 2   sin 2    0

ab
 h cos 2   sin 2 
2
2h
 tan 2  , if a  b and h cos 2   0 , if a  b
ab
1  2 h  
Therefore   Tan1   if a  b and   , if a  b
2  a  b  4

10. When the axes are rotated through an angle  , find the transformed equation of
x cos   y sin   p .
Sol: The given equation is x cos   y sin   p
The axes are rotated through an angle  , then
x  x 'cos   y 'sin  and y  x 'sin   y 'cos 
The given equation transformed to
x 'cos   y 'sin   cos   x 'sin   y 'cos   sin   p
 x 'cos 2   sin 2    p  x '  p

 The transformed equation is x  p

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STRAIGHT LINES
VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

2
1. Find the equation of the straight line making an angle of Tan1   with the positive
 3
x -axis and has y -intercept 3.
2 2
Sol: Given   tan1    m  tan   , c  3
3 3
2
Equation of the line is y  x  3
3
 3y  2 x  9
 The required equation of line is 2 x  3 y  9  0

2. Find the equation of line which makes an angle of 150 with positive x-axis and passing through
(–2, –1).
1
Sol: m  tan 150  tan 180  30   tan 30  
3
1
Equation of the line is y  1   x  2
3
 3 y  3  x  2

 x  3 y  2  3   0 is the required equation of line

3. Find the orthocenter of the triangle whose sides are given by x  y  10  0 , x  y  2  0 and
2x  y  7  0 .
Sol: The lines x  y  10  0 and x  y  2  0 are perpendicular
 The orthocentre is point of intersection above lines
Solving, the orthocentre is 4, 6

4. If a, b, c are in A.P, show that ax  by  c  0 represents a family of concurrent lines and find the
point of concurrency.
Sol: If a, b, c are in arithmetic progression, then 2b  a  c (or) a  2 b  c  0
As a  2 b  c  0 , ax  by  c  0 passes through the fixed point (1, –2).
Hence, the set of lines ax  by  c  0 for parametric values a, b and c is a family of concurrent
lines and the point of concurrency is (1, –2).

5. Find the value of y , if the line joining the points (3, y ) and (2, 7) is parallel to the line joining the
points (1, 4) and (0, 6)
Sol: A3, y  , B2,7  , P 1, 4 and Q 0,6 are the given points.
y 7 46
m1  slope of AB   y  7 , m2  slope of PQ  2
32 1  0
AB and PQ are parallel
m1  m2  y  7  2  y  9
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6. If the area of the triangle formed by the straight lines x  0 , y  0 and 3x  4 y  a  a  0 is 6.

Find the value of a.
3x 4 y
Sol: Equation of the line is 3x  4 y  a (or) 1
a a
a a
OA  x  intercept  , OB  y  intercept 
3 4
1 1 a a a2
OAB  OA.OB  . 
2 2 3 4 24
a2
Given  6  a 2  144  a  12
24
 a  12 , since a  0

7. Find the area of the triangle formed by the coordinate axes and the line 3x  4 y  12  0
Ans: 6

8. Transform the equation x  y  1  0 into normal form.

Sol: xy 10
 x  y  1

Divide both sides with 2

 1   1  1
   x    y 
 2   2  2
5 5 1
 x cos  y sin 
4 4 2
5 5 1
Hence the normal form of the equation of the given straight line is x cos  y sin 
4 4 2
1
and the distance of the line from the origin is 
2

9. Find the equations of the straight line passing through the following points :

at12 , 2 at1 at2 2 , 2 at2 

Sol: Given points are  at12 , 2 at1  at2 2 , 2 at2 

Equation of line passing through the given points is x  x1  y 1  y 2    y  y 1 x1  x 2 

 x  at12 2 at1  2 at 2    y  2 at1  at12  at22 

 x  at12 .2 a t1  t2    y  2 at1  a.t12  t22 

 2 x  2 at12  y t1  t2   2 at12  2 at1t2

 2 x  t1  t2  y  2 at1t2  0
 The required straight line is 2 x  t1  t2  y  2 at1t2  0

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10. Find the equation of the straight line passing through 2, 4 and making non zero intercepts
whose sum is zero.
x y
Sol: Equation of the line in the intercept from is  1.
a b
Given a  b  0  b  a
x y
Equation of the line  1  xy  a
a a
The line passes through P 2, 4  2  4  a  a  6
Equation of the required line x  y  6  x  y  6  0

11. Find the equation of the straight line passing through 3, 4 and making X and Y -intercepts
which are in the ratio 2 : 3.
x y
Sol: Equation of the line in the intercept form is  1
a b
a 2 3a
Given  b
b 3 2
x 2y
Equation of the line is  1
a 3a
This line passes through P(3, –4)
9  8  3 a  3a  1
Equation of the required line is 3x  2 y  1

12. Find the equations of the straight lines passing through the point (4, –3) and perpendicular to the
line passing through the points (1, 1) and (2, 3).
Sol: A1,1 , B2, 3 are the given points.
1  3 2
m  slope of AB   2
1  2 1
1 1
Slope of line perpendicular to AB   
m 2
1
Equation of line passes through P  4, 3 and having slope  is
2
1
y  3    x  4
2
2 y  6  x  4  x  2 y  2  0

13. Find the set of values of ' a ' if the points (1, 2) and (3, 4) lie on the same side of the straight line
3x  5y  a  0
Sol: P 1, 2 , Q 3, 4 are the given points.
Equation of the given line is 3x  5y  a  0
L11  3.1  5.2  a  a  7
L12  3.3  5.4  a  a  11

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The points P, Q lie on same side of line if L11 .L22  0

  a  7  a  11  0

a  , 7   11, 

14. State whether (3, 2) and (–4, –3) are on the same side or on opposite side of the straight line
2 x  3y  4  0
Sol: P 3, 2 , Q 4, 3 are the given points.
Equation of the given line is 2 x  3 y  4  0
L11  2 3  3 2  4  4
L22  2 4  3 3  4  5
The points P, Q lie on same side of line since L11 and L22 have same sign

15. Find the ratio in which the line 2 x  3y  20  0 divides the join of the points (2, 3) and (2, 10).
Sol: P 2,3 , Q 2,10 are the given points.
Equation of the given line is 2 x  3y  20  0
L11  2 2  32  20  10
L22  2 2  3 10  20  14
The ratio in which the line 2 x  3y  20  0 divides the join of the points (2, 3) and (2, 10) is
L11 : L22  10 : 14  5 : 7

16. Find the value of ' k ' if the straight lines y  3 kx  4  0 and 2 k  1 x  8 k  1 y  6  0 are
perpendicular.
Sol: If two lines are perpendicular, then the product of their slopes is –1.
2k  1
Here, slope of the first line, m1  3 k and the slope of the second line, m2 
8k  1
 m1m2  1 , we have
 2 k  1 
3 k   1  6 k 2  3k  1  8k  6k 2  5k  1  0
 8k  1 
1
 6 k 2  6 k  k  1  0   k  16 k  1  0  k  1,
6

17. Find the length of the perpendicular drawn from (3, 4) to the line 3x  4 y  10  0 .
ax1  by 1  c
Sol: The perpendicular distance from P x1 , y 1  to the line ax  by  c  0 is
a2  b2
33  4  4  10 3
The perpendicular drawn from (3, 4) to the line 3x  4 y  10  0 is 
2
3 4 2 5

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18. Find the distance between the straight lines 5x  3y  4  0 and 10 x  6 y  9  0 .

Sol: The given lines are 10 x  6 y  8  0 and 10 x  6 y  9  0
8  9 1 1
 The distance between the parallel lines is  
2
10  6 2 136 2 34

19. Find the point of concurrency of the lines represented by 2  5 k x  31  2 k  y  2  k  0

Sol: The given lines can be written as 2 x  3 y  2  k 5x  6 y  1  0
The point of concurrency of the lines is point of intersection of lines
2 x  3 y  2  0 and 5x  6 y  1  0
Solving, point of intersection is 5, 4

20. Find the equation of the straight line passing through the point of intersection of the lines
x  y  1  0 and 2 x  y  5  0 and containing the point (5, -2).

21. If 2 x  3 y  5  0 is the perpendicular bisector of the line segment joining (3, –4) and  ,  .
Find    .

22. Find the value of k , if the angle between the straight lines 4 x  y  7  0 and kx  5 y  9  0 is
45 .

23. If (–2, 6) is the image of the point (4, 2) w.r.t the line L , then find the equation of L .

24. Find the equation of the line perpendicular to the line 3x  4 y  6  0 and making an intercept
–4 on the x -axis.

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. Transform the equation 3x  4 y  12  0 into

(i) slope-intercept form (ii) intercept form (iii) normal form.
Sol: The given equation is 3x  4 y  12  0
(i) Slope-intercept form
4 y  3x  12
 3
y    x  3
 4
3
Slope of line   , y  intercept  3
4
(ii) Intercept form
3x  4 y  12
3x 4 y
  1
12 12

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x y
 1
4 3
x  intercept  4 , y  intercept  3
(iii) Normal form
3x  4 y  12

Dividing with 9  16  5
 3   
  x   4  y  12
 5   5  5
It is of the form x cos   y sin   p
3  12
Where cos   , sin    and p 
5 5 5

2. If P and Q are the lengths of the perpendiculars from the origin to the straight lines
x sec   y cos ec  a and x cos   y sin   a cos 2 . Prove that 4P 2  Q 2  a 2 .
Sol: Equation of AB is x sec   y cos ec   a
x y
  a
cos  sin 
x sin   y cos   a sin  cos 
x sin   y cos   a sin  cos   0
0  0  a sin  cos  sin 2
P = length of the perpendicular from O and AB   a sin .cos   a.
2
sin   cos  2 2
2 P  a sin 2 …….. (1)
Equation of CD is x cos   y sin   a cos 2
Q = length of the perpendicular from O to CD
0  0  a cos 2
  a cos 2 …….. (2)
cos 2   sin 2 
Squaring and adding (1) and (2)
4 P 2  Q 2  a 2 sin 2 2  a 2 cos2 2  a 2 sin 2 2  cos 2 2   a 2 .1  a 2

x y
3. Transform the equation   1 into the normal form when a  0, b  0 . If the perpendicular
a b
1 1 1
distance of the straight line from the origin is p , deduce that 2  2  2 .
p a b
x y
Sol: Equation of the line is  1
a b
bx  ay  ab

Dividing with a2  b 2
b a ab
.x  .y 
2 2 2 2
a b a b a  b2
2

Above is in the normal form x cos   y sin   p

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2 2
ab a b
 Perpendicular distance from origin to line is p   p2 
2
a b 2 a2  b2

1 a2  b2 a2 b 1 1
 2
 2 2  2 2 2 2  2 2
p a b a b a b b a
1 1 1
 2
 2 2
p a b

4. Find the value of p , if the following lines are concurrent

(i) 3x  4 y  5, 2 x  3 y  4, px  4 y  6 (ii) 4 x  3 y  7  0, 2 x  py  2  0, 6x  5 y  1  0
Sol: (i) Equations of the lines are 3x  4 y  5  0 and 2 x  3 y  4  0
Solving the above equation we get x  1, y  2
Point of intersection of the above lines is P 1, 2
The given lines are concurrent.
P 1, 2 lies on px  4 y  6
p  8  6  p  8  6  2
(ii) Equations of the lines 4 x  3 y  7  0 and 6 x  5 y  1  0
Solving the above equation we get x  1, y  1
The Point of intersection of above lines is P 1, 1
The given lines are concurrent.
P 1, 1 lies on 2 x  py  2  0
2p20  p 4


5. A straight line passing through A2,1 makes an angle of 30 with OX in the positive
direction. Find the points on the straight line whose distance from A is 4 units.
Sol: Co-ordinates of any point on the given line are x1  r cos  y1  r sin  

where x1 , y1   2,1 , r  4 ,   30

 3 1
Co-ordinates of P are 2  4. ,1  4. 
 2 2 

P 2  2 3 ,1  2 

P 2  2 3 ,1  2  (or) P 2  2 3 ,1  2 

Required points are 2  2 3 , 3 , 2  2 3 , 1

6. Find the points on the line 3x  4 y  1  0 which are at a distance of 5 units from the point (3, 2).
Sol: Co-ordinates of any point on the given line are x1  r cos  y1  r sin  

where x1 , y 1    3, 2 , r  5
3 4 3
Slope of line tan    cos   , sin  
4 5 5
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 4 3
Co-ordinates of P are 3  5. , 2  5. 
 5 5
P 3  4, 2  3
P 3  4, 2  3 (or) P 3  4, 2  3
Required points are 7, 5 , 1, 1

3
7. A straight line passing through the point Q(2, 3) makes an angle with the negative direction
4
of the X -axis. If the straight line intersects the line x  y  7  0 at P, find the distance PQ.
3
Sol: The line PQ makes an angle with the negative direction of X-axis i.e., PQ makes an angle
4
3 
  with the positive direction of X-axis.
4 4
Co-ordinates of Q are 2, 3
Co-ordinates of P are x1  r cos  , y 1  r sin 
    r r 
 2  r .cos .3  r.sin   2  , 3 
 4 4   2 2 
P is a point on the line x  y  7  0
r r
2 3 7  0
2 2
r
2.  723 2
2
r 2
PQ  r  2 units

8. A straight line L with negative slope passes through the point (8, 2) and cuts positive coordinate
axes at the points P & Q. Find the minimum value of OP + OQ as L varies, where O is the origin.
Sol: Equation of the line passing through A8, 2 with negative slope ‘ m ’ is y  2  m x  8
mx  y  2  8m  0 where m  0
mx  y  2  8m
m 1
x y1
2  8m 2  8m
x y
  1
2  8m 2  8m
m
2  8m
OP  X  intercept 
m
OQ  Y  intercept  2  8m
2  8m 2
OP  OQ   2  8m   8  2  8m
m m
2 2
 10   8m  10  2 .8m  10  8  18  AM  GM
m m
 Minimum value of OP  OQ as L varies, where ‘ O ’ is the origin is 18.
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9. A straight line with slope 1 passes through Q 3, 5 meets the line x  y  6  0 at P . Find the
distance PQ .

10. If the straight lines ax  by  c  0, bx  cy  a  0 and cx  ay  b  0 are concurrent, then prove

that a3  b 3  c 3  3abc .

11. Find the equation of straight line parallel to line 3x  4 y  7 and passing through the point of
intersection of lines x  2 y  3  0 and x  3y  6  0 .
Sol: Equation of the given lines are
L1  x  2 y  3  0 and L2  x  3y  6  0
Equation of any line passing through the intersection is L1  kL2  0
x  2 y  3  k x  3 y  6  0
1  k x  2  3 k y  3  6 k  0
This line is parallel to 3x  4 y  7
a1b2  a2 b1
3 2  3k   1  k 4
6  9 k  4  4 k  5 k  10  k  2
Equation of the required line is 3x  4 y  15  0

12. Find the equations of the straight lines passing through the point (–3, 2) and making an angle of
45 with the straight line 3x  y  4  0 .
Sol: Given point P x1 , y1   3, 2
Given line 3x  y  4  0 ……… (1)
a
Slope  m    3
b
m3 m3
tan 450  1
1  3m 1  3m
Case (i)
m3
 1  m  3  1  3m
1  3m
2 m  4 or m  2
In this case equation of the line PQ is y  2  2 x  3  2 x  6
2x  y  4  0
Case (ii)
m3
 1  m  3  1  3m
1  3m
4m  2  m  1/2
1
In this case equation of the line PQ is y  2  x  3  x  2 y  7  0
2
 The required lines are 2 x  y  4  0 & x  2 y  7  0
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x y
13. A variable straight line drawn through the point of intersection of the straight lines  1
a b
x y
and   1 meets the coordinate axes at A and B. Show that the locus of the midpoint of AB
b a
is 2  a  b xy  ab x  y  .
x y x y
Sol: Equations of the given lines are   1 and   1
a b b a
 ab ab 
Solving the point of intersection P  , 
 a  b a  b 
Q  x0 , y 0  is any point on the locus
 The line with x  intercept 2x0 , y  intercept 2y 0 , passes through P
x y
 P lies on the straight line  1
2 x0 2 y 0

ab  1 1  ab x0  y 0
i.e.,     1   1
a  b  2 x0 2 y0  a  b 2 x0 y 0
ab x0  y 0   2  a  b x0 y 0

Q  x0 , y 0  lies on the curve 2  a  b xy  ab x  y 

Locus the mid of point of AB is 2  a  b xy  ab x  y 

14. Each side of a square is of length 4 units. The centre of the square is (3, 7) and one of its
diagonals is parallel to y  x . Find the coordinates of its vertices.

15. Find the area of the rhombus enclosed by the four straight lines ax  by  c  0 .
Sol: Equation of AB is ax  by  c  0 …………(1)
Equation of CD is ax  by  c  0 …………(2)
Equation of BC is ax  by  c  0 …………(3)
Equation of AD is ax  by  c  0 ………….(4)
c c c c 4c 2 2 c 2
 Area of the rhombus is  
a b 2 ab ab
a b

16. Find the point on the straight line 3x  y  4  0 , which is equidistant from (–5, 6) and (3, 2).

17. If the portion of a straight line intercepted between the axes of coordinates is bisected at 2 p , 2q  .
Find the equation of the straight line.
x y
Sol: Equation of AB in the intercept form is   1 ………..(1)
a b
Co-ordinates of A are  a ,0 and B are 0,b
M is the mid-point of AB

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 a b
Co-ordinates of M are  ,   2 p , 2q 
2 2
a b
 2 p ,  2 q  a  4 p , b  4q
2 2
x y x y
Substituting in (1), equation of AB is  1   4
4 p 4q p q

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS

1ST ROUND

1. If Q h , k  is the foot of the perpendicular from P x1 , y 1  on the straight line ax  by  c  0 , then
h  x1 k  y 1  ax1  by 1  c 
show that   .
a b a2  b2
And hence find the foot of the perpendicular from (–1, 3) on the straight line 5x  y  18  0 .
Sol: Q h , k  lies on ax  by  c  0
 ah  bk  c  0
 ah  bk  c ………. (1)
k  y1
Slope of PQ 
h  x1
a
Slope of given line  
b
 k  y1  a 
Since line PQ and given line are perpendicular we have     1
 h  x1  b 

  k  y 1  a   h  x1 b
h  x1 k  y 1
 
a b
h  x1 k  y 1 a  h  x 1   b  k  y 1 
   (by ratio and proportion)
a b a2  b 2
h  x1 k  y 1 ah  bk  ax1  by1
  
a b a2  b 2
h  x1 k  y 1  ax1  by 1  c 
   (by 1)
a b a2  b2
h , k is the foot of the perpendicular of 1, 3 w.r.t. the line 5x  y  18  0
h  1 k  3 5  3  18
   1
5 1 5 2  12
 h  1  5 and k  3  1
 h , k   4, 2

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2. If Q h , k  is the image of the point P x1 , y 1  w.r.t the straight line ax  by  c  0 then show that
h  x1 k  y1 2  ax1  by1  c 
  . And hence find the image of (1, –2) w.r.t the straight line
a b a2  b2
2 x  3y  5  0 .
 h  x1 k  y1 
Sol: Let R is mid point of Q h , k  and P x1 , y 1  then R   , 
 2 2 
 h  x1 k  y 1 
R  ,  lies on ax  by  c  0
 2 2 
 h  x1   k  y1 
a    b  c  0
 2   2 
ah  bk  ax1  by1  2c ………. (1)
k  y1
Slope of PQ 
h  x1
a
Slope of given line  
b
 k  y1  a 
Since line PQ and given line are perpendicular we have     1
 h  x1  b 

  k  y 1  a   h  x1 b
h  x1 k  y 1
 
a b
h  x1 k  y 1 a  h  x 1   b  k  y 1 
   (by ratio and proportion)
a b a2  b 2
h  x1 k  y 1 ah  bk  ax1  by1
  
a b a2  b 2
h  x1 k  y 1 2  ax1  by1  c 
   (by 1)
a b a2  b 2
h , k is the image of 1, 2 w.r.t. the line 2 x  3 y  5  0
h  1 k  2 2 2  6  5
    2
2 3 49
 h  3, k  4
 3, 4 is the image of 1, 2 in the line 2 x  3 y  5  0

3. Find the circumcentre of the triangle whose vertices are (1, 3), (–3, 5) and (5, –1).
Sol: Let the vertices of the triangle be A1,3 , B3, 5 and 5, 1

The mid points of the sides BC , CA are respectively D1, 2 and E3,1 .

Let S be the point of intersection of the perpendicular bisectors of the sides BC and CA .
 51 3  4
Since the slope of BC   , the slope SD 
3  5 4 3
 4
Therefore the equation of SD is y  2  x  1
3

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 4 x  3y  2  0 ……….(1)
 3  1 
Slope of AC   1  slope of SE  1
1 5

 Equation of SE is y  1  1x  3
 xy20 ……….(2)
Solving the equations (1) and (2), we obtain S  8, 10 which is the circumcentre of ABC

4. Find the circumcentre of the triangle whose sides are 3x  y  5  0, x  2 y  4  0 and

5x  3 y  1  0 .
Sol: Let the given equations 3x  y  5  0 , x  2 y  4  0 and 5x  3 y  1  0 represent the sides
  
BC , CA and AB respectively of ABC .
Solving the above equations two by two, we obtain the vertices A2, 3 , B1, 2 and 2,1 of
the given triangle.
 3 1 
The mid points of the sides BC and CA are respectively D   ,  and E  0, 2
2 2 
 
Equation of SD , the perpendicular bisector of BC is x  3y  0 and the equation of SE , the
perpendicular bisector of AC is 2 x  y  2  0 . Solving these two equations, we obtain the point
   6 2 
of intersection of the lines SD and SE which is S  ,  , the circumcentre of ABC .
 7 7 

5. Find the circumcenter of the triangle whose vertices are (1, 3), (0, –2) and (–3, 1).
 1 2 
Ans:  , 
 3 3 

6. Find the orthocenter of the triangle whose vertices are (–5, –7), (13, 2) and (–5, 6).

Sol: Let A5, 7  , B13, 2 and C 5,6 be the vertices of a triangle. Let AD be the perpendicular
  
drawn from A to BC and BE be the perpendicular drawn from B to AC .
 62 2
Now slope of BC  
5  13 9
   9 
Since AD  BC , slope of AD  and so, the equation of AD is
2
9
y  7  x  5
2
2 y  14  9 x  45
9 x  2 y  31  0 …………(1)
 
Equation of AC is x  5 which is vertical line and therefore equation of BE is y  2 . …….(2)
Point of intersection of the lines (1) and (2) is 3, 2 which is the orthocentre of ABC .

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7. Find the orthocenter of the triangle with the vertices (-2, -1) (6, -1) and (2, 5).
 5 
Ans: 2, 
 3 

8. If the equations of the sides of a triangle are 7 x  y  10  0, x  2 y  5  0 and x  y  2  0 , find

the orthocenter of the triangle.
Sol: Let ABC be the given triangle
Let the equations x  2 y  5  0 …………(1)
7 x  y  10  0 …………(2)
and x  y  2  0 …………(3)
  
represent the sides AB , BC , and CA respectively.

   

Let AD and BE be the altitudes drawn from A and B respectively to the sides BC and CA .
Solving the equations (1) and (3), we obtain A  3,1
  
Since AD  BC , the equations of AD is x  7 y  3  7  10 ………….(4)
Solving the equation (1) and (2), we obtain B  1,3 .
  
Since BE  AC , the equation of BE is x  y  1  3  2 …………………(5)
2 4
Point of intersection of the lines (4) and (5) is  ,  which is orthocentre of ABC .
3 3
9. Find the orthocenter of the triangle formed by the lines x  2 y  0 , 4 x  3 y  5  0 and
3x  y  0 .
Ans: 4, 3

10. Find the circumcentre of the triangle formed by the straight lines x  y  0 , 2 x  y  5  0 and
xy  2.
Sol: Equation of AB is x  y  0 ……………….(1)
Equation of BC is 2 x  y  5  0 …………..(2)
Equation of AC is x  y  2 ………………..(3)
Solving (1) and (2) co-ordinates of A are 5, 5
Solving (2) and (3) co-ordinates of C are 1, 3
Solving (1) and (3) co-ordinates of A are 1, 1
Suppose S  x , y  is the circumcentre
SA  SB  SC
SA  SB  SA2  SB2
2 2 2 2
x  5   y  5  x  1   y  3
x 2  10 x  25  y 2  10 y  25  x 2  2 x  1  y 2  6 y  9
8x  16 y  40

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x  2 y  5 ………………(1)

SB  SC  SB2  SC 2
2 2 2 2
x  1   y  3  x  1   y  1
x2  2x  1  y 2  6y  9  x2  2x  1  y 2  2 y  1
4 x  4 y  8
x  y  2 ……………………..(2)
2  1 gives 3 y  3  y  1
x  1  2  x  3
Circumcentre is S 3,1

11. The base of an equilateral triangle is x  y  2  0 and the opposite vertex is 2, 1 . Find the
equations of the remaining sides.
Sol: ABC is an equilateral triangle.
 B  C  60
Equation of BC is x  y  2  0
AB passes through A2, 1
Suppose slope of AB  M
Equation of AB is y  1  mx  2
mx  y  2 m  1  0 ………….(1)
a1 a2  b1 b2
cos 60 
a12  b12 a22  b22
1 m1

2 1  1 m2  1
Squaring and cross multiplying
m2  1  2 m  1  2 m2  2 m  1  2m 2  4m  2
2

m 2  4m  1  0
4  16  4 4  2 3
m  2 3
2 2
Substituting in (1)
Equation of AB is y  1   2  3  x  2

Equation of AC is y  1   2  3 x  2

12. Find the equations of the straight lines passing through 1,1 and which are at a distance of
3 units from 2,3
Sol: AB passes through A1,1
Suppose slope of AB is m
Equation of AB is y  1  mx  1  mx  m
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mx  y  1  m  0 …………….(1)
Distance from 2,3 on AB  3
2 m  3  1  m
3
m2  1
Squaring and cross multiplying
3m  2  9 m2  1
2

9m 2  4  12 m  9m2  9
5
12m  5  m 
12
Co-efficient of m2  0  m  
(i) m  
AB is a vertical line
Equation of AB is x  a
AB passes through A1,1
a1
Eqution of AB is x  1
5
(ii) m 
12
Substituting in (1),
5  5
Equation of AB is x  y  1    0
12  12 
5 7
xy  0
12 12
5x  12 y  7  0

13. Two adjacent sides of a parallelogram are given by 4 x  5 y  0 and 7 x  2 y  0 and one
diagonal is 11x  7 y  9 . Find the equations of the remaining sides and the other diagonal.
Sol: Let 4 x  5 y  0 ……………(1) and
7 x  2 y  0 ……………(2) respectively
 
denote the side OA and OB of the parallelogram OABC.

Equation of the diagonal AB is 11x  7 y  9  0 ……….(3)
Solving (1) and (2) vertex O  0,0
5 4
Solving (1) and (3), we get x  ; y 
3 3
 5 4
 A   ,  
 3 3
2 7
Solving (2) and (3), we get x  , y
3 3
 2 7
 B   , 
 3 3

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 1 1
Midpoint of AB is P  ,  . Slope of OP is 1.
2 2
Equation to OC is y  1 x  x  y  0
Vertex C is 1, 1
 4 
  1
 3  7
AC slope is 
5  2
  1
 3 
7
AC line equation is  y  1   x  1
2
7x  2y  9  0
7 
  1
 3  4
BC slope is 
 2  5
  1
 3 
4
BC line equation is  y  1   x  1
5
4x  5y  9  0

14. If the four straight lines ax  by  p  0, ax  by  q  0, cx  dy  r  0 and cx  dy  s  0 form a

 p  qr  s
parallelogram, show that the area of the parallelogram so formed is
bc  ad
Sol: Let L1 , L2 , L3 , L4 be the lines given by
L1  ax  by  p  0
L2  ax  by  q  0
L3  cx  dy  r  0
L4  cx  dy  s  0
L1 and L2 are parallel : L3 and L4 are parallel
d1 d2
Area of the parallelogram =
sin 
pq
d1  distance between L1 and L2 
a2  b 2
r s
d2  distance between L3 and L4 
c2  d2
ac  bd
cos  
a 2
 b 2 c 2  d 2 

2
 ac  bd
sin   1  cos 2   1 
a2  b 2 c 2  d 2 

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` KKP / MYP CE NTRE

a2  b 2 c 2  d 2   ac  bd2


a2  b 2 c 2  d 2 
bc  ad

a2  b2 c 2  d 2 
 p  qr  s
 Area of the parallelogram 
bc  ad

15. Find the incentre of the triangle whose sides are x  y  7  0, x  y  1  0 and x  3 y  5  0 .
Sol: In ABC ,
Equation of AC is x  y  7  0 ……………(1)
Equation of AB is x  y  1  0 ……………(2)
Equation of BC is x  3 y  5  0 …………..(3)
Solving (1) (2) and (3)
verti and A3, 4 , B1, 2 and C  4, 3

c 44  8 2 2 ,
a  9  1  10 ,
b  11  2
 2. 5.3  2.1  2.2.4 2. 5.4  2.2  2.2.3 
 ,
 2 5  2 2 2 2. 5  2  2 2 

 2  3 5  1  8 2  4 5  2  6

 , 
 2  5  1  2 2  5  1  2 
 
9  3 5 8  4 5 
 , 
 3 5 3 5 
 
 3 3  5  4  2  5  3  5 
 
 , 
 3 5
  3  5  3  5  

 4  6  3 5  2 5  5 
 
  3, 
 9  5 
 
 I  3, 1  5 

……………..

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Saifabad  Narayanaguda  Dilsukhnagar  Kukatpally  Miyapur
 ` KKP / MYP CE NTRE

`HY DER A B A D C EN T RES

Total No. of Questions - 24 Reg.

Total No. of Printed Pages - 2 No.
Part - III
MATHEMATICS, Paper IB
I.P.E BOARD MODEL PAPER-I (FULL SYLLABUS)
(English Version)
Time : 3 Hours Max. Marks : 75

SECTION - A
I. Very Short Answer Type questions: 10  2 = 20 M
(i) Attempt ALL questions
(ii) Each question carries TWO marks

1. Find the equation of the straight line passing through 3, 4 and making X and Y -intercepts
which are in the ratio 2 : 3.
2. Find the value of 'k ' if the straight lines y  3 kx  4  0 & 2 k  1 x  8 k  1 y  6  0 are
perpendicular.
3. Show that the points 2, 3, 5 , 1, 5, 1 and  4, 3, 2 form a right angled isosceles triangle.
4. If H, G, S and I respectively denote orthocentre, centroid, circumcentre and incentre of a triangle
formed by the points 1,2,3 , 2, 3,1 and 3,1, 2 , then find H, G, S, I.

ex  1
5. Compute: Lt .
x 0 1 x 1

 cos ax  cos bx

 if x  0
6. Show that f x   x2 where a & b are real constants, is continuous at 0 .
 1 2
 2  
2
b  a if x  0

7. Use first principle to find the derivative of f x  x sin x .

8. Find the derivative of log e sec x  tan x .

3
9. Find the approximate value of 999 .

10. Verify Rolle’s theorem for function f x   x 2  1x  2 on 1, 2  . Find the point in the
interval where the derivative vanishes.

SECTION – B
II. Short Answer Type questions: 5  4 = 20 M
(i) Attempt ANY FIVE questions
(ii) Each question carries FOUR marks

11. Find the equation of the locus of P, if A = (4, 0), B = (–4, 0) and PA  PB  4 .

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` KKP / MYP CE NTRE

1  2 h 
12. Show that the axes are to be rotated through an angle of Tan1   so as to remove the xy
2  a  b 

term from the equation ax 2  2 hxy  by 2  0 if a  b , and through an angle if a  b .
4
x y
13. Transform the equation   1 into the normal form when a  0, b  0 . If the perpendicular
a b
1 1 1
distance of the straight line from the origin is p , deduce that 2  2  2 .
p a b
1 /8 1 /8
1  x   1  x 
14. Compute: Lt .
x 0 x
15. If y  ax n1  bxn , then prove that x 2 y ''  nn  1 y .

16. If the slope of the tangent to the curve x 2  2 xy  4 y  0 at a point on it is 3/2 , then find the
equations of the tangent and normal at that point.
17. A particle is moving in a straight line so that after t seconds its distance is s (in cms) from a
fixed point on the line is given by s  f t   8t  t 3 . Find (i) the velocity at time t  2 sec (ii) the
initial velocity (iii) acceleration at t  2 sec.

SECTION – C
III. Long Answer Type questions: 5  7 = 35 M
(i) Attempt ANY FIVE questions
(ii) Each question carries SEVEN marks

18. If Q h,k  is the image of the point P x1 , y 1  w.r.t the straight line ax  by  c  0 then show that
h  x1 k  y1 2  ax1  by1  c 
  . And hence find the image of (1, –2) w.r.t the straight line
a b a2  b2
2 x  3y  5  0 .
19. Show that the product of perpendicular distances from a point ,  to the pair of straight lines
a 2  2 h  b2
ax 2  2 hxy  by 2  0 is .
2
 a  b  4 h 2
20. Find the angle between the lines joining the origin to the points of intersection of the curve
x 2  2 xy  y 2  2 x  2 y  5  0 and the line 3x  y  1  0 .
21. If a ray makes angles , , ,  with the four diagonals of a cube find
cos 2   cos 2   cos 2   cos 2  .

dy  y x y1  y x log y 
22. If x y  y x  a b then prove that    y .
x1 
dx  x log x  x y 
23. Show that the condition for orthogonality of the curves ax 2  by 2  1 and a1 x 2  b1 y 2  1 is
1 1 1 1
   .
a b a1 b1
24. Find two positive integers x and y such that x  y  60 and xy 3 is maximum.

Wish you all the best

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