DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS/CONCEPTS OF
UNLOCKING OF DIFFICULTIES
Global South- refers broadly to the regions of Latin
America, Asia, Africa and Oceania, most countries is
characterized by low-income and often politically or
culturally marginalized.
Global North- refers to developed societies of Europe
and North America, which characterized by established
democracy, wealth, technological advancement,
political stability, aging population, zero population
growth and dominance of world trade and politics.
Mercatorian Map- it is a navigational cylindrical map
presented by Gerardus Mercator.
First World Country- have a stable democracies and
are characterized by the rule of law, a capitalist
economy and a high standard of living.
Second World Country- it is term used during the
cold war for the industrial socialist states under the
influence of soviet unions.
Third World Country-is an outdated and offensive
phrase that has been used historically to describe a
class of economically developing nations.
Regionalism- is a political ideology focusing on the
“Development of a political or social system based on
one or more regions”.
Regionalization- it is the process of dividing a political
entity
Socio-Cultural- a set of beliefs, customs, practices and
behavior that exist within the population.
LESSON 1: THE GLOBAL DIVIDES: THE NORTH AND THE
SOUTH
Since the process of globalization is uneven. It follows
that there is an imbalance in the socio-economic and
political categories of the world. The world is divided
into north and south and first, second and third.
The term Global South is a metaphor interstate
inequality and a product of western imagination
(Claudio 2014). Countries that were colonized by the
Spaniards in the southern part of American continent
are collectively called Latin America.
The Global south is also found in developed
countries. Economically poor families, underprivileged
individuals, unfair labor practices and suppression of
human rights and other violations of basic rights in
Europe.
Global South refers to the socio economic and
political divide primarily focused on the southern
hemisphere of the 1569 mercatorian map. It consist
of Africa, Latin America and Asia including the
Middle East. The Global south also connotes
developing countries as opposed to rich, industrialized
and wealthy nation.
Global North refers to developed societies of Europe
and North America, which characterized by established
democracy, wealth, technological advancement,
political stability, aging population, zero population
growth and dominance of world trade and politics.
Also the Global North is the home of all members of
the Group of eight.
-Canada
-France
-Germany
-Italy
-Japan
-United Kingdom
-Russia
- America
It is also the abode of the four powerful permanent
members of the United Nations Security Council. It
also to the developed countries in Asia, Australia and
New Zealand.
By now, one can say that the terms Global South and
Third World are conceptually the same. They both
refer to the conditions usually found in developing
country. Countries who are in developing stage will
surely be called third world countries. The
Philippines is considered third word for it was
colonized by European country. But the term Third
World is the antecedent of Global South (Claudio
2014). Arguably, the term Third World ceased to exist
when the cold war ended.
Second World Country it is term used during the cold
war for the industrial socialist states under the
influence of soviet unions.
First World Country have a stable democracies and are
characterized by the rule of law, a capitalist economy and a
high standard of living.
In the 1980’s the brandt line was developed as a way
of showing how the world was geographically split
into relatively richer countries(the north) and poorer
nations(the south and tropical regions).
*The term the north and the south , when used in
global context,are alternative designations for
developed and developing countries.
*the North-South is broadly considered as socio-
economic and political divides.
“FIRST WORLD”
developed, capitalist, industrial countries
(north America, western Europe, Japan,
Australia)
“SECOND WORLD”
the former communist, socialist, industrial
states
Russia, Eastern Europe(e.g.. Poland) and some
of the Turk states(e.g.. Kazakhstan) as well as china.
“THIRD WORLD”

developing countries

Africa, Asia and Latin America

ORIGIN:

The Brandt Report (1983) was published by a

commission chaired by the Former Chairman
Chancellor willy Brandt.
REASONS WHY OUR WORLD IS SO UNEQUAL:
The report identified: 1. COLONIALISM
THE NORTH 2. TRADE
• Are those countries that are above the south 3. DEBT
30 degree North.

THE SOUTH MAJOR DIFFERENCES:

• Is a geographical convenience based on the GLOBAL NORTH:
fact that most of the Poor World lies south of o Less population
latitude 30 degrees North. o High wealth
• * except Australia and New Zealand. o High standard of living
o High industrial development
GLOBAL NORTH
o Industry
 North America, Western Europe, Canada,
THE GLOBAL SOUTH
Japan, South Korea, Hong kong, Macau,
o Large population
Singapore, Australia, New Zealand
o Low wealth
GLOBAL SOUTH o Low standard of living
o Low industrial development
 Malaysia, Somalia, Haiti, Lebanon, India,
o Agriculture
Philippines, Chad, Brazil

PROBLEMS
GLOBAL NORTH
• OVERCONSUMPTION AND FOOD WASTAGE
• WIDESPREAD POVERTY(IRELAND AND UK
SPECIFICALLY)
• EXPENSIVE HEALTHCARE
• INCREASING RATE OF MENTAL HEALTH
PROBLEMS
GLOBAL SOUTH
• CONTEMPORARY GLOBAL CAPITALISM
• NEOCOLONIALISM
• LABOR CONDITIONS
• Globalisation, global health governance,
health and prevention needs
• Market liberalization
 LESSON 2: ASIAN REGIONALISM
Regions are “a group of countries located in the same
geographical specified area”
Regionalization political process characterized by
economic policy cooperation and coordination among
countries” ; - “the growth of societal integration within
a region and to the often undirected processes of social
and economic interaction” ; - borderless AND
happens around the world
Regionalism “regional concentration of economic
flows ; - happens only in a specific geographical
region. ; - the process of intergovernmental
collaborations between two or more states
The terms regionalization and globalization are both
related to integration. As defined in module 1,
globalization is the expansion and intensification of
social relations and consciousness across word-time
and world space.
Asian regionalism is a new concept among the
continental communities. The ASEAN community is
comprised of three pillars.
-Political Security Community
-Economic Community
-Socio-cultural Community

ASEAN has also partnered with three East Asian

Countries
-China, Japan and South Korea It is called ASEAN +3

Aspects that lead to a greater Asian Integration First,

Integration has been market driven
Second, formal institutions such as Asian Development
Bank were established.
Third, economic grants and overseas development
assistance are made available by better Asian
Economies. Fourth, production networks have
expanded.
Fifth, cooperation among the ASEAN and East Asian
countries
Lastly, if EU is a rules-based, ASEAN follows a
consensus rule as an approach to decision making.
In facing the challenges brought about by globalization.
Asian countries have responded with regional
alternatives as big group, small group and local
communities.