TABLE OF CONTENT

NO. CONTENT PAGES

1.0 Introduction

2.0 Factors of Site Selection

3.0 Feasibility Study

4.0 Organization Chart

5.0 WBS and Bar Chart

6.0 Network Diagram

7.0 Microsoft Project & Critical Activities

8.0 Project Cost Estimation

9.0 Locality Plan

10.0 Site Layout Plan

11.0 Standard Condition of Contract

12.0 Site Safety

13.0 Construction Safety Regulation

14.0 References
1.0 INTRODUCTION

Project management is mainly a study in engineering of the discipline of planning,

organizing, and managing resources to successfully complete engineering projects. It involves
overseeing the entire project life cycle, from the initial concept and design phase to the
implementation, testing, and delivery of the final product.

Why is it important for engineering student? There are many factors on the importance
of this subject and some of them might include the practical application because engineering
students often engage in various project-based courses or assignments where they work on
real-world engineering projects. Learning project management skills equips them with the
knowledge and tools to effectively plan, execute, and manage these projects. Other than that,
engineering projects require collaboration with multidisciplinary teams, making effective
teamwork and communication crucial. Project management equips engineering students with
the skills to coordinate efforts, delegate tasks, resolve conflicts, and communicate efficiently
within a team. These abilities are vital for future engineering professionals working on complex
projects.

As for our final group project, we had given a task to propose an integrated Development
on available vacant land in Malaysia. In other words, this task is purposely to develop the
unused site so that people will visit the place more often and how to do that? We plan to build a
residential and a shopping mall, and to do that we need to find a place that does not have a mall
yet with no residents.

This report provides an analysis of the construction process and considerations in a

mixed-use development project. Mixed-use developments combine residential, commercial, and
recreational spaces, creating vibrant and sustainable communities. It covers site selection,
architectural design, work breakdown structure, feasibility studies, sustainable building
practices, and the integration of different building types. It explores how these elements interact
to create a cohesive and functional development.

2.0 FACTORS OF SITE SELECTION

2.1 OBJECTIVE

The objective of this project is to build an integrated development project at Marang,

Terengganu. Marang is one of the most visited places in Terengganu because of the beach.
This particular industry is the primary driver of the local economy in Marang. Unfortunately,
Marang faces certain drawbacks, including the absence of integrated development project such
as shopping mall and residential. The presence of integrated development project would
significantly boost the economic growth of Marang and develop the city of Marang.

2.2 FACILITIES AVAILABILITY

The area is surrounded by numerous facilities such as clinic, petrol stations, local
authorities, and other essential services. This convenient arrangement ensures easy
accessibility to these facilities in case of emergencies or urgent needs.

2.3 RAW MATERIAL AVAILABILITY

In close proximity to the construction site, there are numerous suppliers of construction
materials. As a result, the timely delivery of materials to the construction site becomes more
convenient and feasible.

3.0 FEASIBILITY STUDY

3.1 BUSINESS

City of Marang is famous among tourist. We believe some tourist attractions like sea
beach, museum, and masjid kristal are loved by people of all ages. But there is no modern
shopping mall and lack of residential. Despite the availability of shops to fulfill their basic needs,
the absence of a mall deprives residents of the opportunity to purchase branded clothing, dine
at popular restaurants, and more. Consequently, there is a significant demand for a mall in the
area, as it would enable residents to access goods and services that are currently unavailable.
The project not only requires an initial investment but also has the potential to generate profits
once it is completed.

In this project, our client, Tassel Company Sdn. Bhd, has decided to buy a land at
marang to build on an integrated development which have residential , shopping malls and bus
stop. The locations of the site that the clients has bought is near to the beach and this is good
for desirability for other people in terms of the area for residential and commercial. Not just that,
Tassel Company Sdn. Bhd. Have consider the zone of the site is allowable uses for the land
based on its zoning classification. The flexibility of the land purposes can give opportunity to the
client to build more of integrated development to

3.2 TECHNICAL ASPECT

I) ACCOMMODATION FOR STAFF

As part of this project, temporary lodging will be provided for the construction workers in
close proximity to the construction site. This accommodation will include a cafeteria and a
hostel, allowing the workers to conveniently reside near the site until the project is completed.
This arrangement facilitates easy commuting for the workers between their accommodation and
the construction site.

II)ENVIRONMENT
Site selected is surrounded by a lot of facilities
 Figure 3.0: The red mark shows our proposed location for our project

III) MATERIAL AND EQUIPMENT AVAILABILITY

To cut the cost of transportation for the project, a local supplier must be identified. A
further research is made to find the nearest local supplier so that the distance of transportation
of materials to site become shorter. In a result, less fuels will be used for the transportation of
materials or equipment to arrive at the site. Below is the list and details of material and
equipment obtain from the suppliers.

Material/Equipment Company Location Distance

Ready mix concrete Babena Mix Pt 1097-K, Kaw. Perind. 2km

Industries Sdn Bhd Chendering,21080
Kuala
Terengganu,Terengganu

Steel Metal Deck Industry Lot17446, Kawasan 1km

Sdn. Bhd. Perindustrian Wakaf
Tapai, 21040 Marang,
Terengganu

Bricks Lan Maju Hardware 56Q5+7X, 21600 2km

Marang, Terengganu

Heavy Machinery WSO Machinery E-764, Kg, Durian 1.5 km

Sdn. Bhd. (Crane & Burung, 20050 Kuala
Skylift Service) Terengganu,
Terengganu

IV) SERVICE AVAILABILITY

Service availability in a construction project refers to the presence and accessibility of
essential utilities and services required for the proper functioning of the built environment. This
project has includes services such as electricity, water supply, sewage systems,
telecommunications, gas supply, and other necessary infrastructure. Assessing service
availability is crucial during the planning and design stages of a construction project to ensure
that adequate provisions are made to connect and integrate the project with the existing service
networks. It involves determining the availability, capacity, reliability, and compatibility of the
required services to meet the project's needs and comply with regulatory requirements.
V) MODE OF TRANSPORTATION
Mode of transportation is an access of the road for the purpose of transportation to the
lorry, car and machinery to bring in and out the materials, for the workers to

Figure 3.1: shows the route to our construction site

The figure above shows there is no existing route to access the proposed site location, because
of these problems we must add and create a temporary route for our workers and clients to
have easier access to the site and carry out the construction work.

VI) TOPOGRAPHY

The initial step in designing and constructing a building involves identifying the existing
conditions of the land to proactively mitigate any potential obstacles during construction. This
stage is of utmost significance. Upon further investigation, it has been determined that the
selected land possesses a level surface, which simplifies the commencement of construction by
eliminating the need for extensive excavation or filling procedures, but the selected land still
needs to undergoing site clearing due to wild tress Consequently, this results in reduced
construction costs for the project.

VII) SIEVE ANALYSIS TEST

Before we started our construction, we had done a sieve test for our selected land to determine
the percentage of different grain sizes contained within a soil. This test is important so that we
cand found out the details about our land soil in terms of its texture, strength and suitable for our
construction. Because our construction will apply lots of loads, we need a high load bearing
capacity, stability and a consistency composition soil for our construction.

Figure 3.2: shows of a sieve test

Based on our sieving test, we found that the soil is well-graded very sandy GRAVEL which is
suitable for our construction project.

VIII) FLOOD LEVEL

Evaluating flood levels is crucial to understanding the risk of flooding at the project site. It helps
determine the poetntial impact on the project’s infrastructure, safety of occupants and overall
feasibility.
After doing some research about our land site, we found that our land site is low risk of flooding.
Comprehensive data collection, analysis, and flood hazard mapping were performed,
considering historical records, hydrological studies, rainfall data, and topographic surveys. The
results of these assessments clearly indicate that the site is situated in an area with a minimal
flood hazard. The topography of the site, coupled with its distance from major water bodies,
contributes to its low susceptibility to flooding. Additionally, the project complies with all relevant
regulatory requirements and incorporates appropriate mitigation measures to further minimize
any potential flood risks. Consequently, the construction site presents a favorable and secure
environment for the successful implementation of the proposed project.

4.0 Organization Chart

5.0 WBS and Bar Chart

MARANG CITY MALL AND RESIDENTIAL WBS.

1.0 SHOPPING MALL

1.1 General Conditions
1.1.1 Receive notice to proceed
1.1.2 Submit Document
1.1.3 Prepare and submit project schedule
1.1.4 Obtain Building Permits
1.1.5 Submit drawings
1.1.6 Site Grading and Utilities
1.1.6.1 Clear Site
1.1.6.2 Install Underground Utilities
1.1.6.3 Install temporary utilities
1.2 Foundations
1.2.1 Excavate foundations
1.2.2 Excavate elevator pit
1.2.3 Form column piers and spread foundations
1.2.4 Form elevator pit walls
1.2.5 Pour column piers, foundations and walls
1.2.6 Cure

1.2.7 Steel Erection

1.2.7.1 Erect steel columns, beams and joints- 1st and 2nd floors
1.2.7.2 Erect steel columns, beams and joints- 3rd floor and roof
1.2.7.3 Install stairs and miscellaneous Iron Railing
1.2.7.4 Touch up paints on steel

1.3 Form and Pour Concrete

1.3.1 Install Rebar and in-floor utilities
1.3.2 Pour separate floors
1.3.3 cure separate floors
1.3.4 strip forms
1.3.5 Form roof slab including all floor openings
1.3.6 Install electrical underground
1.3.7 Install Plumbing underground

1.4 Masonry Work

1.4.1 Rough-in plumbing at toilets and masonry walls
1.4.2 Lay masonry at core, mechanicals and toilets
1.4.3 Install exterior masonry work
1.4.4 Install roof drains
1.4.5 Install tile in toilet rooms
1.4.6 Roofing
1.4.6.1 Pour lightweight concrete roof fill
1.4.6.2 Install seamless concrete material
1.4.6.3 Set rooftop equipment
 1.5 Building Finishes
1.5.1 Install millwork and wood trim
1.5.2 Paint walls and wood work
1.5.3 Install ceiling
1.5.4 Install hardware and accessories
1.5.5 Complete interior and exterior sod and plantings
1.5.6 Pave, curb and stripe parking lot

.
1.6 Plumbing
1.6.1 Rough-in plumbing in drywall walls
1.6.2 Set valves
1.6.3 Set plumbing fixtures and trim
1.6.4 Flush,test and clean piping and fixtures

1.7 Electrical
1.7.1 Rough-In electrical in drywall walls
1.7.2 Pull wire in conduit and set area transformers
1.7.3 Install electrical devices
1.7.4 Make electrical terminations for HVAC equipment
1.7.4.1 Heating and Ventilation- AC
1.7.4.2 Set equipment in mechanical room
1.7.4.3 Install duct in building chase
1.7.5 Install light fixture- test and clean

2.0 RESIDENTIAL
2.1 Site Work
2.1.1 Clear Site
2.1.2 Install temporary power supply
2.2 Block A
2.2.1 Substructure
2.2.1.1 Excavation
2.2.1.2 Piling
2.2.1.3 Install beam and slab

2.2.2 Super Structure

2.2.2.1 Ground Floor
2.2.2.1.1 Install Footing, Column, Beam & Slab
2.2.2.1.2 Install Wall & Door
2.2.2.1.3 Install Staircase
2.2.2.1.4 Install Plumbing
2.2.2.1.5 Install Electrical
2.2.2.1.6 Install HVAC system
2.2.2.1.7 Install Exterior Finishes
2.2.2.2 First Floor
2.2.2.2.1 Install Column & Beam
2.2.2.2.2 Install Lift
2.2.2.2.3 Install Wall & Door
2.2.2.2.4 Install Staircase
2.2.2.2.5 Install Plumbing
2.2.2.2.6 Install Electrical
2.2.2.2.7 Install HVAC system
2.2.2.2.8 Install Exterior Finishes
2.2.2.3 Second Floor
2.2.2.3.1 Install Column & Beam
2.2.2.3.2 Install Lift
2.2.2.3.3 Install Wall & Door
2.2.2.3.4 Install Staircase
2.2.2.3.5 Install Plumbing
2.2.2.3.6 Install Electrical
2.2.2.3.7 Install HVAC system
2.2.2.3.8 Install Exterior Finishes
2.2.2.4 Third Floor
 2.2.2.4.1 Install Column & Beam
2.2.2.4.2 Install Lift
2.2.2.4.3 Install Wall & Door
2.2.2.4.4 Install Staircase
2.2.2.4.5 Install Plumbing
2.2.2.4.6 Install Electrical
2.2.2.4.7 Install HVAC system
2.2.2.4.8 Install Exterior Finishes
2.2.2.5 Fourth Floor
2.2.2.5.1 Install Column & Beam
2.2.2.5.2 Install Lift
2.2.2.5.3 Install Wall & Door
2.2.2.5.4 Install Staircase
2.2.2.5.5 Install Plumbing
2.2.2.5.6 Install Electrical
2.2.2.5.7 Install HVAC system
2.2.2.5.8 Install Exterior Finishes
2.2.2.6 Fifth Floor
2.2.2.6.1 Install Column & Beam
2.2.2.6.2 Install Lift
2.2.2.6.3 Install Wall & Door
2.2.2.6.4 Install Staircase
2.2.2.6.5 Install Plumbing
2.2.2.6.6 Install Electrical
2.2.2.6.7 Install HVAC system
2.2.2.6.8 Install Exterior Finishes
2.2.2.7 Sixth Floor
2.2.2.7.1 Install Column & Beam
2.2.2.7.2 Install Lift
2.2.2.7.3 Install Wall & Door
2.2.2.7.4 Install Staircase
2.2.2.7.5 Install Plumbing
2.2.2.7.6 Install Electrical
2.2.2.7.7 Install HVAC system
 2.2.2.7.8 Install Exterior Finishes
2.2.2.8 Seventh Floor
2.2.2.8.1 Install Column & Beam
2.2.2.8.2 Install Lift
2.2.2.8.3 Install Wall & Door
2.2.2.8.4 Install Staircase
2.2.2.8.5 Install Plumbing
2.2.2.8.6 Install Electrical
2.2.2.8.7 Install HVAC system
2.2.2.8.8 Install Exterior Finishes
2.2.2.9 Eighth Floor
2.2.2.9.1 Install Column & Beam
2.2.2.9.2 Install Lift
2.2.2.9.3 Install Wall & Door
2.2.2.9.4 Install Staircase
2.2.2.9.5 Install Plumbing
2.2.2.9.6 Install Electrical
2.2.2.9.7 Install HVAC system
2.2.2.9.8 Install Exterior Finishes
2.2.2.10 Rooftop
2.2.10.1 Install Beam
2.2.10.2 Install Door
2.2.10.3 Install Staircase

2.3 Block B
2.3.1 Substructure
2.3.1.1 Excavation
2.3.1.2 Piling
2.3.1.3 Install beam and slab

2.3.2 Super Structure

2.3.2.1 Ground Floor
2.3.2.1.1 Install Footing, Column, Beam & Slab
2.3.2.1.2 Install Wall & Door
 2.3.2.1.3 Install Staircase
2.3.2.1.4 Install Plumbing
2.3.2.1.5 Install Electrical
2.3.2.1.6 Install HVAC system
2.3.2.1.7 Install Exterior Finishes
2.3.2.2 First Floor
2.3.2.2.1 Install Column & Beam
2.3.2.2.2 Install Lift
2.3.2.2.3 Install Wall & Door
2.3.2.2.4 Install Staircase
2.3.2.2.5 Install Plumbing
2.3.2.2.6 Install Electrical
2.3.2.2.7 Install HVAC system
2.3.2.2.8 Install Exterior Finishes
2.3.2.3 Second Floor
2.3.2.3.1 Install Column & Beam
2.3.2.3.2 Install Lift
2.3.2.3.3 Install Wall & Door
2.3.2.3.4 Install Staircase
2.3.2.3.5 Install Plumbing
2.3.2.3.6 Install Electrical
2.3.2.3.7 Install HVAC system
2.3.2.3.8 Install Exterior Finishes
2.3.2.4 Third Floor
2.3.2.4.1 Install Column & Beam
2.3.2.4.2 Install Lift
2.3.2.4.3 Install Wall & Door
2.3.2.4.4 Install Staircase
2.3.2.4.5 Install Plumbing
2.3.2.4.6 Install Electrical
2.3.2.4.7 Install HVAC system
2.3.2.4.8 Install Exterior Finishes
2.3.2.5 Fourth Floor
2.3.2.5.1 Install Column & Beam
 2.3.2.5.2 Install Lift
2.3.2.5.3 Install Wall & Door
2.3.2.5.4 Install Staircase
2.3.2.5.5 Install Plumbing
2.3.2.5.6 Install Electrical
2.3.2.5.7 Install HVAC system
2.3.2.5.8 Install Exterior Finishes
2.3.2.6 Fifth Floor
2.3.2.6.1 Install Column & Beam
2.3.2.6.2 Install Lift
2.3.2.6.3 Install Wall & Door
2.3.2.6.4 Install Staircase
2.3.2.6.5 Install Plumbing
2.3.2.6.6 Install Electrical
2.3.2.6.7 Install HVAC system
2.3.2.6.8 Install Exterior Finishes
2.3.2.7 Sixth Floor
2.3.2.7.1 Install Column & Beam
2.3.2.7.2 Install Lift
2.3.2.7.3 Install Wall & Door
2.3.2.7.4 Install Staircase
2.3.2.7.5 Install Plumbing
2.3.2.7.6 Install Electrical
2.3.2.7.7 Install HVAC system
2.3.2.7.8 Install Exterior Finishes
2.3.2.8 Seventh Floor
2.3.2.8.1 Install Column & Beam
2.3.2.8.2 Install Lift
2.3.2.8.3 Install Wall & Door
2.3.2.8.4 Install Staircase
2.3.2.8.5 Install Plumbing
2.3.2.8.6 Install Electrical
2.3.2.8.7 Install HVAC system
2.3.2.8.8 Install Exterior Finishes
 2.3.2.9 Eighth Floor
2.3.2.9.1 Install Column & Beam
2.3.2.9.2 Install Lift
2.3.2.9.3 Install Wall & Door
2.3.2.9.4 Install Staircase
2.3.2.9.5 Install Plumbing
2.3.2.9.6 Install Electrical
2.3.2.9.7 Install HVAC system
2.3.2.9.8 Install Exterior Finishes
2.3.2.10 Rooftop
2.3.10.1 Install Beam
2.3.10.2 Install Door
2.3.10.3 Install Staircase

2.4 Parking Lot

2.4.1 Superstructure
2.4.1.1 Pave, curb and stripe parking lot

3.0 BUS STOP

3.1 Preliminaries
3.1.1 SST
3.1.2 Insurance
3.1.3 Mobilization

3.2 RC work
3.2.1 Foundation
3.2.1.1 Setting Out
 3.2.1.2 Excavation
3.2.1.3 Formwork and Install rebar
3.2.1.4 Concreting
3.2.2 Ground Slab
3.2.2.1 Lay and compact hardcore
3.2.2.2 Install BRC
3.2.2.3 Install J Bolt
3.2.2.4 Concreting

3.3 Structure work

3.3.1 Steel Work
3.3.1.1 Shop drawing
3.3.1.2 Fabrication
3.3.1.3 Erection Column
3.3.1.4 Erection Roof structure
3.3.1.5 Erection of Handrail
3.3.2 Concrete Bench

3.4 Architect work

3.4.1 Tiling
3.4.2 Roof covering
3.4.3 Bus stop signage
3.4.4 Dustbin
3.4.5 Painting

3.5 M&E works

3.5.1 Writing
3.5.2 Install Light Fitting
3.5.3 TNB connection
3.5.4 T&C

4.0 CLOSE OUT PROJECT

4.1 Complete Final Inspections
 4.1.1 Complete elevator inspection and certification
4.1.2 Perform Inspection
4.2 Final Clean up and occupancy
4.2.1 Remove debris from the building and do final clean up
4.2.2 Substantial completion date
4.2.3 Complete all Inspections
4.3 Final Hand Over

6.0 Network Diagram

7.0 Microsoft Project & Critical Activities

8.0 Project Cost Estimation

PHASE ESTIMATE COST

SHOPPING MALL

GENERAL CONDITION RM511,348

SITE GRADING AND UTILITIES RM289,560

FOUNDATION RM198,210

STEEL ERECTION RM80,210

FORM AND POUR CONCRETE RM169,060

MASONRY WORK RM127,390

ROOFING RM60,600

BUILDING FINISHES RM107,900

PLUMBING RM91,200

ELECTRICAL RM137,200
 MAKE ELECTRICAL TERMINATIONS FOR RM58,160
HVAC EQUIPMENT

RESIDENTIAL

SITE WORK RM71,008

SUBSTRUCTURE (BLOCK A) RM90,240

SUPERSTRUCTURE (BLOCK A) RM758,338

SUBSTRUCTURE (BLOCK B) RM69,120

SUPERSTRUCTURE (BLOCK B) RM756,466

PARKING LOT RM65,600

BUS STOP

PRELIMINARIES RM3,456

FOUNDATIONS RM8,540

GROUND SLAB RM6,500

STEEL WORK RM83,904

ARCHITECT WORK RM14,835

M&E WORK RM3,168

TOTAL RM3,423,955

9.0 Locality Plan

Our project location is in Marang, Terengganu.
10.0 Site Layout Plan

- autocad

11.0 STANDARD CONDITION CONTRACT

i. Clause 3 – S.O and The Representative of S.O

The Superintending Officer (SO) or their chosen representative holds the overall responsibility
for managing and directing the project. The SO may delegate their representative to handle
specific tasks or make decisions on their behalf when necessary. If the SO is unavailable or
occupied, they have the authority to appoint a suitable individual as their representative to fulfill
their role. The representative of the SO is answerable to the SO and is tasked with overseeing
and supervising the work, as well as inspecting and evaluating any materials or craftsmanship
related to the project. If the Contractor disagrees with any decision made by the SO's
representative, they should bring the matter to the attention of the SO, who will review, modify,
or override the decision made by the representative. For example, the project manager ask the
site engineer to take over their job temporary due to personal problems or busy schedule.

ii. Clause 8 – Performance Bond

 Payment can be made using Treasury cash deposits, a bank draft, or an insurance guarantee
from recognized banks. An amount equivalent to 59 units of the total contract value of RM
600,000 will be retained or remain valid for the duration specified in the approved banker's or
insurance guarantee. If the contractor fails to fulfill the contract or breaches any contractual
obligations, the government or its authorized entity (referred to as 5.O.) has the authority to
utilize and deduct from the performance bond, or a portion thereof, as stipulated in the contract
provisions. Once all defects, shrinkage, or other issues arising during the Defects Liability
Period have been rectified and a Certificate of Completion confirming the resolution of defects
for the entire scope of work under Clause 45 has been issued, the performance bond can be
released or refunded to the Contractor.

iii. Clause 24 – Variation

The Superintending Officer (SO) possesses the authority to request and obtain written
approval for any oral advice that involves modifying the project in a way that does not invalidate
the contract. The term "variation" refers to changes made to the design, condition, or quantity of
the project as specified in the Contract Plans, Bill of Quantities, and Requirements. This
includes adding, removing, or substituting any work, modifying the type or quality of materials or
goods to be used, and removing any work, materials, or goods from the site. For instance, if the
client desires to modify the design or materials, both the client and the SO are required to inform
the contractor in written form as evidence of the requested change. For example, Tassel
Company desires to modify the material wood to steel to strengthen the structure.

iv. Clause 35 – Materials, Goods and Workmanship

The materials, goods, and workmanship must meet the required standards. If requested, the
contractor must provide the necessary credentials to demonstrate that the content and products
comply with the specified standards. The contractor is responsible for supplying samples of
products and items at their own expense, solely for research purposes. Any work covered or
any testing of products or items should be made accessible for inspection as directed by the
Superintending Officer (SO). The cost of any inspection or opening required will be added to the
Contract Sum, unless the Bills of Quantities include provisional amounts specifically designated
for this purpose, or unless the inspection reveals non-compliance of the works, products, or
items with the terms of the contract.

v. Clause 45 – Investigation by the Government and Other Person in case of

Accident, Failure or Others Event

If the government, its employees, or any authorized entity conducts an inquiry regarding
any accidents, failures, or incidents that occurred within or in relation to the Works or any part of
it, the Contractor is obligated to provide all necessary assistance and services. This includes
facilitating access to the inquiry and providing any relevant support needed to determine the
cause or reason behind the accident, failure, or event. The purpose of this requirement is to
ensure that the contractor cooperates fully with investigations related to injuries that may have
occurred, particularly concerning the components or construction of the system that could be
potential causes of accidents. The objective of such inquiries is to prevent similar incidents from
happening in the future, comply with regulatory requirements, and assess the costs associated
with any injuries incurred. For example, if any accidents occurs within the construction, the
contractor and any workers present at the site during the incident must cooperate in
investigating the causes of the incident.
12.0 SITE SAFETY

Safety is a crucial factor in construction activities as it ensures a secure environment for

workers and helps prevent accidents. By prioritizing safety, the productivity and efficiency of
work schedules can be enhanced. It is essential to conduct a construction safety checklist to
mitigate any potential risks or hazards and minimize the occurrence of casualties. A construction
safety checklist serves as a tool to ensure a successful completion of the project while
maintaining a safe working environment. Here is an example of a construction safety checklist
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).It was made by our health and safety officer.
12.1 Standard Operation Procedure (SOP)

Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for construction are established guidelines and
protocols that define the standardized procedures to be followed during various construction
activities. These SOPs are crucial for ensuring consistency, efficiency, and safety on
construction sites. They provide a systematic approach to carrying out tasks and help mitigate
risks and potential hazards.
 SOPs cover a wide range of construction activities, including site preparation, equipment
operation, material handling and storage, worksite safety, concrete pouring, electrical safety,
excavation and trenching, fall protection, emergency response, and quality control. Each SOP
provides step-by-step instructions, safety protocols, and best practices to be followed during
specific construction tasks.

By implementing SOPs, construction companies can enhance productivity, reduce

errors, improve safety outcomes, and ensure compliance with regulatory requirements. SOPs
serve as a reference guide for construction personnel, enabling them to perform their tasks
consistently and effectively. Regular training and communication of SOPs to the workforce are
essential to ensure their understanding and adherence to the established procedures.

Overall, SOPs play a crucial role in promoting a culture of safety, efficiency, and quality
in construction projects. They provide a standardized framework for carrying out construction
activities, ensuring that work is performed in a consistent, safe, and effective manner.

12.2 Emergency Flow Chart

An emergency flowchart is a tool utilized to provide guidance to employees or workers in

the event of an emergency situation at a construction site. Its purpose is to minimize human
suffering and potentially prevent fatalities. It is crucial for all staff working on-site to have a
comprehensive understanding of the flowchart to actively participate in the development of an
effective emergency response plan.

Flowchart if fire happens Emergency Flowchart

12.3 Personal Protective Equipment

The employees should have a thorough understanding of managing personal protective

equipment (PPE), which includes ensuring its availability, providing education on proper usage,
adhering to specific requirements, using appropriate symbols to communicate PPE usage, and
establishing a system for monitoring the distribution, maintenance, and replacement of PPE.
Indeed, we have selected few of PPE for particular work phase and activity that we already
consider the following fundamental principles at our site location.

PPE maintenance and storage encompass several aspects, including keeping the
equipment clean and in good working condition. This is important to making sure that the PPE
equipment in a good condition as it is to ensure the arrangement of equipment is free from any
obstructions or hazards that could cause injury .Conducting regular inspections of PPE items,
repairing or replacing damaged PPE, establishing a program for proper maintenance of
personal protective equipment, and implementing monitoring mechanisms is a must things that
we do every day before the workers could use it at the construction site.

Type of PPE Explanation Equipment

Head Protection Hard hats should be worn in

situations where there is a risk of
objects falling from above, potential
head injuries from stationary
objects, or accidental contact with
electrical hazards.

Hearing Protection In areas with high levels of noise

due to the use of chainsaws or
heavy equipment, it is important to
use earplugs or earmuffs. Regularly
clean or replace the earplugs to
ensure their effectiveness.
Eye Protection Safety glasses should be worn
whenever there is a possibility of
foreign objects entering the eyes
during work operations. This
includes activities such as welding,
cutting, grinding, nailing, working
with concrete or harmful chemicals,
or when exposed to flying particles.
Safety glasses are also necessary
when working with electrical
systems to protect against electrical
hazards.

High Visibility vest Wearing a safety vest enhances

visibility, which greatly reduces the
risk of accidents and injuries. The
safety vest is designed with
reflective stripes that make the
wearer easily noticeable by others.

Hand Protection It is essential for workers to wear

appropriate gloves suitable for their
specific tasks. For instance, heavy-
duty rubber gloves are necessary
for concrete work, welding gloves
for welding tasks, and insulated
gloves and sleeves when working
with electrical hazards. Choosing
the right gloves for the job ensures
worker safety and protection.
 Foot Protection Construction workers must wear
work shoes or boots that have slip-
resistant and puncture-resistant
soles. Safety-toed footwear is
essential to protect toes from being
crushed when working near heavy
machinery or in areas where objects
may fall.

Table 13.3: list of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) that we used in construction site.

Figure 13.3: Examples of PPE.

12.4 Safety Signage

Safety signage plays a significant role in our construction areas by conveying important
information and instructions to workers. These signs are essential for highlighting potential
hazards and providing guidance to the workers on how to maintain safety and protect one's
health. The purpose of these signs is to capture attention and raise awareness among the
workers, client and contractors about situations that may pose a risk to safety or well-being.

Table 13.4: Safety signage colour and it’s meaning

Safety Colour Meaning

RED Stop prohibition

 YELLOW Caution. Risk of danger

BLUE Mandatory action

GREEN Safe condition

1. Contrasting colour – A colour that contrasts with the safety colour to make the

latter more conspicuous.

2. Symbols – A pictorial representation used on a safety or health sign.

3. Safety Signs – A sign that gives a message about safety and health by a

combination of geometric form, safety colour and symbol or text or both.

4. Prohibition signs – A safety sign that indicates that certain behaviour is

prohibited.

5. Warning signs – A safety signs that gives warning of a hazard.

6. Mandatory Signs – A safety sign that indicates that a specific course of action is

to be taken.

7. Safe Condition Signs – A safety sign that provides information about safe

condition.

8. Supplementary Signs – A sign with text only that may be used in conjunction

with a safety signs in to provide additional information.

 Figure 13.4.1: Example of safety signage. Figure 13.4.2: Example of safety signage.

13.0 CONSTRUCTION SAFETY REGULATION

Construction and safety are closely intertwined, and it is crucial to establish and enforce
safety regulations at our construction sites. Typically, the safety officer on-site briefs the general
workers or laborers on these regulations. The purpose of these safety regulations is to provide
the workers with a clear understanding of the rules they need to follow while working on the
construction site, and it is also essential for every worker to adhere to these regulations to
ensure their well-being at site. There are various acts that govern to safety regulations in
construction, including the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 (OSHA) and the Factories
and Machinery Act 1967 (FMA).

13.1 Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994

Construction safety and health management is involves in implementing safety

procedures specifically tailored to the construction industry and construction sites. The main
objective of the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) is to ensure the safety, health, and
well-being of individuals engaged in work activities. This includes protecting workers from risks
and hazards associated with their work and extending this protection to others present at the
workplace. OSHA aims to create an occupational environment that addresses the physiological
needs of workers. Additionally, OSHA aims to establish a framework where existing
occupational safety and health legislation can be gradually replaced by a system of regulations
and approved industry codes of practice. This system, in conjunction with the provisions of the
Act, is designed to maintain or enhance safety and health standards in the workplace.

The Occupational Safety and Health Act was officially approved by Parliament on 25
February 1994. This act serves to provide additional measures in ensuring the safety, health,
and welfare of individuals in the workplace, as well as safeguarding others against potential
risks or hazards associated with work activities. It also establishes the National Council for
Occupational Safety and Health and addresses other related matters. The enactment of the
Occupational Safety and Health Act was carried out by the esteemed consent of the Yang di-
Pertuan Agong, advised by the Dewan Negara and Dewan Rakyat in a convened Parliament,
and with the authority granted by the same.

If there are forty or more employees at a workplace or if directed by the Director

General, every employer is required to establish a safety and health committee. The specific
composition of the committee, the process of electing or appointing its members, their powers,
and other related matters are prescribed. It is the responsibility of every employer to engage in
consultation with the safety and health committee. The purpose of this consultation is to
facilitate the establishment and maintenance of arrangements that promote effective
cooperation between the employer and employees in ensuring safety and health at the
workplace. The committee also plays a role in evaluating the effectiveness of such measures.

13.2 Factories and Machinery Act 1967

The Factories and Machinery Act of 1967 is a legislation that aims to regulate factories
and machinery in relation to the safety, health, and welfare of individuals present in those
establishments. It also covers the registration and inspection of machinery, among other
relevant matters. The Act was officially gazetted in Parliament on 1st February 1970. According
to the Act, a factory is defined as any premises or part of premises where individuals are
engaged in manual labor for processes associated with the creation, modification, repair,
decoration, sorting, finishing, cleaning, washing, breaking, demolishing, construction,
reconstruction, fitting, refitting, adjusting, or adapting of any article or part thereof. Such work is
carried out as a trade for profit or incidentally to a business being conducted. A yard or dry dock
where the construction, reconstruction, repair, refitting, finishing, or dismantling of ships or
vessels takes place.

There are 15 regulation under the Factories and Machinery Act. There are the Factories
and Machinery (Certificates of Competency – Examinations) Regulations, 1970. Factories and
Machinery (Electric Passenger and Goods Lift) Regulations, 1970. Factories and Machinery
(Fencing of Machinery and Safety) Regulations, 1970. Factories and Machinery (Notification of
Fitness and Inspections) Regulations, 1970. Factories and Machinery (Person-In-Charge)
Regulations, 1970. Factories and Machinery (Safety, Health and Welfare) Regulations, 1970.
Factories and Machinery (Steam Boiler and Unfired Pressure Vessel) Regulations, 1970.
Factories and Machinery (Administration) Regulations, 1970. Factories and Machinery
(Compounding of Offences) Rules,1978. Factories and Machinery (Compounding of Offences)
Regulations, 1978. Factories and Machinery (Lead) Regulations, 1984. Factories and
Machinery (Asbestos Process) Regulations, 1986. Factories and Machinery (Building
Operations and Works of Engineering Construction) (Safety) Regulations, 1986. Factories and
Machinery (Noise Exposure) Regulations, 1989. And lastly Factories and Machinery (Mineral
Dust) Regulations, 1989.

14.0 REFERENCES
1. Horvath, A. (2004). CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND THE ENVIRONMENT.
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.energy.29.062403.102215
2. A brief guide to the future of mall construction and renovation. Retrieved from
https://www.korteco.com/construction-industry-articles/brief-guide-future-mall-
construction-and-renovation/
3. Safe Working Cycle Handbook; Implementation of Safe Behaviour. Retrieved from
http://www.oshc.org.hk/oshc_data/files/books/2016/CB077E.pdf
4. Construction Safety Inspection Checklist. Retrieved from https://www.memic.com/-
/media/memic/documents/workplace-safety/construction-resources/construction-safety-
inspection-checklist-pdf.pdf
5. Construction Safety Association of Ontario. 2003. Emergency Response Planning for
Construction Project. Retrieved from https://www.ihsa.ca/PDFs/Products/Id/B030.pdf
6. ASK-EHS. July 18, 2019. Occupational Health and safety – Construction Industry.
Retrieved from https://www.ihsa.ca/PDFs/Products/Id/B030.pdf
7. CFI Education. Feasibility Study. Retrieved from
https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/knowledge/other/feasibility-study/
8. OSHA. Construction Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Retrieved from
https://www.osha.gov/Publications/construction_ppe.html#:~:text=Construction-,Personal
%20Protective,when%20exposed%20to%20flying%20particles)
9. Princeton University. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Retrieved from
https://ehs.princeton.edu/workplace-construction/workplace-safety/personal-protective-
equipment-ppe
10. Jason Byrne. Feb 29, 2016. Safety Signage and Your Workplace. Retrieved from
http://www.whsconsultinghunter.com.au/whs/safety-signage-workplace/