Mamalapat, Mohamidin K
Chem 2065 AY2022-23
DNA vs RNA
The DNA double helix
- coiled strands run in antiparallel
direction with hydrogen bonds
between the complementary bases.
- Ten base pairs span a complete
turn which covers a distance of 3.4
nanometers and individual base
pairs are 0.34 nanometers apart.
- The inside diameter is 1.1
nanometers while the outside is 2
nanometers.
-Two grooves can be found within
the cylindrical outline.
-The minor groove and the major
groove which are large enough to
accommodate the polypeptide
chains.
Transfer RNA – small,
Ribosomal RNA – molecules
single-stranded
polynucleotide chain
between 73 to 94
nucleotide residues long
3 MAIN TYPES OF RNA
DNA DOUBLE HELIX
A-DNA – has 11 base pairs for
each turn of the helix which are
not perpendicular to the helix
axis, instead it lies at an angle
about 20o to the perpendicular.
It also has a right-handed helix
B-DNA – principal form that
occurs in nature and the most
common form of the DNA
double helix.
Z-DNA has a zigzag look of the
phosphodiester backbone when
in side view, thus its name.
tend to be quite large, and TOPOISOMERASE
only few types exist in cells;
combines with the proteins to
form ribosomes
Messenger RNA – molecule POSITIVE SUPERCOILING
size depends on the size of - Positive supercoils are
the protein; direct amino circular DNA with more
acid sequence of the than the normal number of
proteins turns of the helix
NEGATIVE SUPERCOILING
Nucleic Acids: How - still a circular DNA however
Structure Conveys it has fewer turns of the helix
Information DNA SUPERCOILING compared to the normal
- (underwound).
BASE STACKING AND
ADDITIONAL TWISTING
DNA
CONFORMATIONS base stacking, the
Additional twisting gives way
hydrophobic ring portions
to more optimal base stacking.
of the DNA bases interact
Propeller twist happens in
with each other via
many bases where the base-
hydrophobic bonding
pairing distances are less
optimal but the base stacking is
more optimal