Test Bank For Biology The Core 2nd Edition

Test Bank for Biology: The Core 2nd Edition
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Biology: The Core, 2e (Simon)
Chapter 5 Chromosomes and Inheritance
1) The offspring produced via sexual reproduction are genetically ________ to the parents.
A) indifferent
B) identical
C) parsimonious
D) unique
Answer: D
Module: 5.1
Skill: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 5.1
2) Upon fertilization, the egg and sperm fuse to form a single cell called a(n) ________.
A) zygote
B) gamete
C) embryo
D) gonad
Answer: A
Module: 5.1
3) Dead or damaged cells are replaced by the process of ________.

A) fertilization
B) binary fission
C) meiosis
D) mitosis
Answer: D
Module: 5.1
4) When one cell goes through cell division, it produces ________.

A) two identical cells
B) two different cells
C) four identical cells
D) four different cells
Answer: A
Module: 5.1
Skill: Applying/Analyzing
Learning Outcome: 5.3, 5.5
1
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
5) Human white blood cells are often multinucleated (in other words, have more than one
nucleus). How many chromosomes would be present in a white blood cell with two nuclei?
A) 46
B) 92
C) 184
D) It varies depending on gender.
Answer: B
Module: 5.2
Global Learning: G4
6) How much of your DNA is identical to that of another person of the same sex?
A) 99.9%
B) 99.5%
C) 90%
D) 78%
Answer: B
Module: 5.2
7) Is the number of chromosomes in each cell of an organism a good indicator of the complexity
of that organism?
A) Yes, the number of chromosomes indicates how complex an organism is.
B) Yes, the number of chromosomes is a good indicator of an organism's complexity, but the
amount of DNA matters even more.
C) No, the number of chromosomes does not indicate how complex an organism is.
D) It depends on the type of cell of the organism.
Answer: C
Module: 5.2
Global Learning: G2
8) DNA plus its associated proteins is called a ________.

A) centromere
B) gene
C) chromatin
D) genome
Answer: C
Module: 5.2
2
9) Name the part of the chromosome indicated by the arrow.
A) Sister chromatid
B) Gene
C) Centromere
D) Mitotic spindle
Answer: C
Module: 5.2
10) Genes are located on ________.

A) chromosomes
B) the cytoplasm
C) mitosis
D) the centromere
Answer: A
Module: 5.2
11) What are attached at the centromere?

A) Homologous chromosomes
B) Sister chromatids
C) Daughter cells
D) Genomes
Answer: B
Module: 5.3
12) What type of cells do not undergo mitosis?

A) All cells of the body except gametes (i.e., only somatic cells)
B) Gametes
C) Both somatic cells of the body and gametes
D) Neither somatic cells of the body nor gametes
Answer: B
Module: 5.3
3
13) During which phase of the cell cycle are the chromosomes duplicated?
A) Interphase
B) Mitosis
C) Meiosis
D) Cytokinesis
Answer: A
Module: 5.4
14) How many chromosomes would a typical human cell have after mitosis but before
cytokinesis?
A) 0
B) 23
C) 46
D) 92
Answer: D
Module: 5.4
15) Which of the following is the correct sequence of events during mitosis?
A) Nuclear membrane dissolves, chromosomes line up, chromosomes split, nuclear membrane
forms
B) Nuclear membrane forms, chromosomes line up, chromosomes split, nuclear membrane
dissolves
C) Chromosomes line up, nuclear membrane forms, nuclear membrane dissolves, chromosomes
split
D) Chromosomes split, nuclear membrane dissolves, nuclear membrane forms, chromosomes
line up
Answer: A
Module: 5.4
16) What specifically separates during mitosis?

C) The cytoplasm
D) The genome
Answer: B
Module: 5.5
4
17) What is cytokinesis?
A) The stage of the cell cycle that happens before the cell is ready to divide its DNA
B) The stage of the cell cycle during which the cell separates its duplicated DNA
C) The stage of the cell cycle during which the cell duplicates its DNA
D) The stage of the cell cycle after the cell has divided its DNA and during which the cytoplasm
gets divided
Answer: D
Module: 5.5
18) What causes the furrow during cleavage?

A) It is a depression caused by the formation of a new cell wall.
B) A ring of contractile protein fibers pinches the cell in two.
C) Connecting proteins that had been binding adjacent cells together now dissolve.
D) A loss of water occurs.
Answer: B
Module: 5.5
19) When does the cell plate form during cell division?
A) In the middle of animal cell mitosis
B) In the middle of plant cell mitosis
C) At the completion of animal cell mitosis
D) At the completion of plant cell mitosis
Answer: D
Module: 5.5
20) A zygote (i.e., a fertilized egg) undergoes development to grow. What mechanism is used to
generate more cells?
A) Fertilization
B) Binary fission
C) Meiosis
D) Mitosis
Answer: D
Module: 5.6
5
21) How many chromosomes did you inherit from your father?
A) 2
B) 23
C) 24
D) 46
Answer: B
Module: 5.6
Global Learning: G4
22) Somatic cells are ________.

A) haploid (n)
B) haploid (2n)
C) diploid (n)
D) diploid (2n)
Answer: D
Module: 5.6
23) If a human diploid cell and a human haploid cell somehow managed to fuse together and not
lose any of the chromosomes, how many sets of chromosomes would be inside the newly formed
cell?
A) 3
B) 2.5
C) 2
D) 1.5
Answer: A
Module: 5.6
Global Learning: G4
6
24) What is the gender of the person indicated in the photograph?
A) Male
B) Female
C) Cannot be determined
Answer: B
Module: 5.6
25) What is a karyotype?

A) A picture of all the chromosomes in one person's cell
B) A list of all the genes on our chromosomes
C) A complete sequence of our DNA
D) A list of all the mutations in our chromosomes
Answer: A
Module: 5.6
7
26) If a cell had 12 chromosomes at the beginning of meiosis II, how many would each daughter
cell have after the completion of meiosis II?
A) 6
B) 12
C) 18
D) 24
Answer: B
Module: 5.7
Global Learning: G4
27) What specifically separates during meiosis I?

C) The cytoplasm
D) The genome
Answer: A
Module: 5.7, 5.8
28) What specifically separates during meiosis II?

C) The cytoplasm
D) The genome
Answer: B
Module: 5.7, 5.8
29) If mitosis makes somatic cells, what does meiosis make?

A) Sex cells
B) Heart cells
C) Nerve cells
D) Body cells
Answer: A
Module: 5.7
8
30) What produces four daughter cells?
A) Meiosis
B) Mitosis
C) Both of these
D) Neither of these
Answer: A
Module: 5.8
31) What produces genetically unique daughter cells?

A) Meiosis
B) Mitosis
C) Both of these
D) Neither of these
Answer: A
Module: 5.8
32) Which process requires DNA to undergo duplication before it can proceed?
A) Meiosis
B) Mitosis
C) Both of these
D) Neither of these
Answer: C
Module: 5.8
33) Which of the following processes does not generate genetic variation during sexual
reproduction?
A) Crossing over
B) Independent assortment
C) Random fertilization
D) All of the processes above generate genetic variation
Answer: D
Module: 5.9
9
34) When does crossing over occur?
A) Cytokinesis
B) Mitosis
C) Meiosis I
D) Meiosis II
Answer: C
Module: 5.9
35) What leads to an individual having too many or two few chromosomes?
A) Crossing over
B) Independent assortment
C) Homologous recombination
D) Nondisjunction
Answer: D
Module: 5.10
36) What is the name of the syndrome that produces the XXY combination of sex chromosomes?
A) Jacob's syndrome
B) Down syndrome
C) Klinefelter syndrome
D) Turner syndrome
Answer: C
Module: 5.10
37) Is an individual with the XXY combination of chromosomes anatomically male or female?
A) Male
B) Female
Answer: A
Module: 5.10
38) How many chromosomes would be found in the karyotype of a Down syndrome female?
A) 44
B) 45
C) 46
D) 47
Answer: D
Module: 5.6, 5.10
10
39) What is different between two alleles of the same gene?
A) Their location. For example, one allele might be at the end of one chromosome, while the
other allele is in the middle of another chromosome.
B) The chromosome number they are on. For example, one allele might be on chromosome 12,
while the other one is on chromosome 3.
C) The information they carry. For example, one allele might carry the information for blue eye
pigment, while the other carries the information for brown eye pigment.
D) The cell they are in. For example, one might be in a liver cell, while the other is in a blood
cell.
Answer: C
Module: 5.11
40) Two alleles of the same gene ________.

A) are always different
B) are always the same
C) can be the same or can be different
D) originate from the same parent
Answer: C
Module: 5.11
41) When I say a flower is "purple," what have I described?

A) Its phenotype
B) Its haplotype
C) Its karyotype
D) Its genotype
Answer: A
Module: 5.11
42) A homozygous milk chocolate Easter bunny is crossed with a homozygous dark chocolate
Easter bunny. Assuming dark chocolate is dominant over milk chocolate and the traits segregate
according to Mendelian genetics, which traits will the offspring express?
A) 3 dark to 1 milk
B) 3 milk to 1 dark
C) All milk
D) All dark
Answer: D
Module: 5.12
Global Learning: G4
11
43) If your grandparents were in the F1 generation, what generation are you in?
A) F3
B) H3
C) P
D) P3
Answer: A
Module: 5.12
44) A test cross is performed to determine if a specific individual is a carrier. The results
generate a 50/50 ratio of phenotypes. The test subject is therefore ________.
A) heterozygous
B) homozygous dominant
C) homozygous recessive
D) heterozygous dominant
Answer: A
Module: 5.12
Global Learning: G4
45) Assuming complete dominance, what is the expected ratio of genotypes of the offspring
following the cross of two heterozygotes?
A) 4:1
B) 1:1
C) 3:1
D) 1:2:1
Answer: D
Module: 5.12
Global Learning: G4
46) Assuming complete dominance, what is the expected ratio of phenotypes of the offspring
following the cross of two heterozygotes?
A) 4:1
B) 1:1
C) 3:1
D) 1:2:1
Answer: C
Module: 5.12
Global Learning: G4
12
47) Define Mendel's law of independent assortment.
A) The inheritance of one character has no effect on the inheritance of another character.
B) Segregation of homologous chromosomes is random.
C) The expression of one gene has no effect on the expression of another gene.
D) There are two versions of each trait, a dominant and a recessive; the one you get is random.
Answer: A
Module: 5.13
48) In a dihybrid cross involving two autosomal traits on different chromosomes in which the
parentals are purebred for the opposite forms of both traits, how many of the offspring would be
expected to be homozygous recessive for both traits?
A) 1 out of 16
B) 3 out of 16
C) 6 out of 16
D) 9 out of 16
Answer: A
Module: 5.13
Skill: Evaluating/Creating
Global Learning: G4
49) The following F1 cross is made: BBGg × Bbgg. Which is not a possible outcome in the F2
generation?
A) BbGg
B) BbGG
C) BBgg
D) BBGg
Answer: B
Module: 5.13
Global Learning: G4
13
Albinism is a recessive disorder in which the skin and hair fail to produce pigment. The
following question(s) ask you to evaluate the pedigree chart shown here in which "N" is the
allele for normal pigmentation and "n" is the allele for albinism. The shaded circles for Deirdre
and Shannon represent the only individuals expressing the disorder.
50) What is Geoff's genotype?

A) NN
B) Nn
C) nn
D) Cannot be determined
Answer: B
14
Module: 5.14
Global Learning: G3
51) What is Dawn's genotype?

A) NN
B) Nn
C) nn
D) NN or Nn
Answer: D
Module: 5.14
Global Learning: G3
52) What is Bill's genotype?

A) NN
B) Nn
C) nn
Answer: B
Module: 5.14
Global Learning: G3
53) What is Deirdre's phenotype?

A) nn
B) Albino
C) Normal
Answer: B
Module: 5.14
Global Learning: G3
15
54) What was the probability that Deirdre and Geoff's first child would express the albino trait?
A) 1/4
B) 1/2
C) 1/8
D) 3/4
Answer: B
Module: 5.14
Global Learning: G3, G4
55) According to the pedigree above, who is a not a carrier of albino?

A) Bill
B) Brandon
C) Aaron
D) All of the above are carriers of albino
Answer: D
Module: 5.14
Global Learning: G3
56) Assuming codominance, if a homozygous red-flowered plant is crossed with a homozygous

white-flowered plant, what will be the color of the offspring?
A) Red
B) White
C) Pink
D) Red and white
Answer: D
Module: 5.15
57) Assuming incomplete dominance, if a homozygous red-flowered plant is crossed with a

homozygous white-flowered plant, what will be the color of the offspring?
A) Red
B) White
C) Pink
D) Red and white
Answer: C
Module: 5.15
16
58) Which of the following processes generates a continuum (spectrum) of varying phenotypes?
A) Pleiotropy
B) Polygenic inheritance
C) Epistasis
D) Single-gene traits
Answer: B
Module: 5.15
59) Genes located near one another on the same chromosome are often inherited together. These
are called ________.
A) nonsegregated genes
B) joined genes
C) fused genes
D) linked genes
Answer: D
Module: 5.16
60) If genes are described as "sex linked," then they are ________.
A) typically on the X chromosome
B) typically on the Y chromosome
C) located next to one another
D) expressed only in women or only in men
Answer: A
Module: 5.17
61) Recessive disorders related to genes found on the X chromosome but not on the Y are more
commonly expressed in ________.
A) children
B) adults
C) females
D) males
Answer: D
Module: 5.17
Global Learning: G5
17
62) Would a human clone have a bellybutton?
A) Yes
B) No
Answer: A
Module: 5.18
63) How could an embryonic stem cell be used to repair a severed spine?
A) Embryonic stem cells secrete proteins that repair all other cell types, including nerve cells.
B) Embryonic stem cells can grow into any other cell type, including a nerve cell.
C) Embryonic stem cells can cause any other cell type to multiply.
D) Embryonic stem cells are primarily involved with neural growth and development.
Answer: B
Module: 5.18
Global Learning: G5
64) A common form of chemotherapy used to kill cancer cells is to administer drugs that disrupt
cell division. Why might this also result in anemia, hair loss, and sores in the stomach and on the
skin?
Answer: Cells that produce the hair and red blood cells, as well as those that line the stomach
and the skin, reproduce frequently. Any cell undergoing cell division would be killed.
Module: 5.4
Global Learning: G5
65) Which phase of meiosis is most similar to mitosis, and why?

Answer: Meiosis II, because there is no homologous pairing or crossing over. Sister chromatids,
not homologs, are separated, which is also what happens during mitosis. The ploidy number also
does not change.
Module: 5.8
18
66) Why are individuals with Turner syndrome always female and individuals with Klinefelter
syndrome always male?
Answer: Individuals with Turner syndrome have an X chromosome but no Y chromosome.
Since the genes that produce "maleness" are on the Y chromosomes, these individuals will
always be female. Individuals with Klinefelter syndrome have two X chromosomes but also have
one Y chromosome. The presence of the Y chromosome will generate the male traits regardless
of the number of X chromosomes.
Module: 5.10
Global Learning: G2
19
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Visit TestBankBell.com to get complete for all chapters

3) Dead or damaged cells are replaced by the process of ________.

4) When one cell goes through cell division, it produces ________.

8) DNA plus its associated proteins is called a ________.

10) Genes are located on ________.

11) What are attached at the centromere?

12) What type of cells do not undergo mitosis?

16) What specifically separates during mitosis?

18) What causes the furrow during cleavage?

22) Somatic cells are ________.

25) What is a karyotype?

27) What specifically separates during meiosis I?

28) What specifically separates during meiosis II?

29) If mitosis makes somatic cells, what does meiosis make?

31) What produces genetically unique daughter cells?

40) Two alleles of the same gene ________.

41) When I say a flower is "purple," what have I described?

50) What is Geoff's genotype?

51) What is Dawn's genotype?

52) What is Bill's genotype?

53) What is Deirdre's phenotype?

55) According to the pedigree above, who is a not a carrier of albino?

56) Assuming codominance, if a homozygous red-flowered plant is crossed with a homozygous

57) Assuming incomplete dominance, if a homozygous red-flowered plant is crossed with a

65) Which phase of meiosis is most similar to mitosis, and why?

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