288 Answers to Assignment Questions

5.43 51.2 mJ 6.19 i  22.26 sin (t  0.396) amp

5.44 60.4 mH 6.20   43.06 sin (t  0.019) volt
5.45 2.45 A 6.23 3.2 V; 2.26 V; 400 s; 2.5 kHz

Chapter 6
Chapter 7
6.1 (a) 150 Hz
7.1 415.6 V
(b) 15 Hz
(c) 31.83 Hz 7.2 (a) 0.2 
(b) 500 W
6.2 (a) 100 Hz
(b) 12.5 rev/s 7.3 280.75 V

6.3 24
Chapter 8
6.4 5 mA; 50 s; 20 kHz
8.1 (a) 0.183 s
6.5 (b) i  7.5 sin (200 t) milliamp
(b) 6.15 mA; 0 A
6.6 (a) 427.3 V (c) 0.915 s
(b) 50 Hz
8.2 (a) 333.3 A/s
(c) 302 V; 272.2 V
(b) 1 A
6.7   63.64 sin (3000t) volt; 22.31 V (c) 15 ms
6.8 (a) 250 V; 176.8 V; 75 mA; 53 mA; 20 mWb; 8.3 (a) 10.1 mA
14.14 mWb; 6.8 V; 4.81 V
8.4 (a) 2.5 
(b) 25 Hz; 100 Hz; 50 Hz; 1.5 kHz
8.5 (a) 100 
6.9 i  7.07 sin (4000t) amp
(a) 6.724 A (b) 1 mA
(b) 47.86 s 8.6 1.8 h
6.10 353.6 V; 159.25 V
Chapter 9
6.11 4.22 mA; 5.97 mA
9.1 (a) 67.5  [NPV 68 , 0.5 W]
6.12 1.429
(b) 50.7 mA
6.13 16 V
9.2 (a) 108  [NPV 120 , 2 W]
6.14 22.2 V (b) 117 mA
6.18   17.44 sin (314t  0.409) volt (c) 12 mV
 Index

Absolute permeability, 119 Cell, 10

Absolute permittivity, 85 Charge (Q), 8
Acceptor impurity, 270 Coercive force, 133
Alternating quantities, 21, 192 Coercivity, 133
angular velocity of, 200 Commercial unit of energy (kWh), 19
addition of, 218 Commutator, 235
amplitude of, 200 Coulomb, 8
average value of, 203 Coulomb’s law, 75
expression for, 201, 214 Coupling factor, 181
form factor of, 207 Covalent bond, 265
frequency of, 199 Current, 9
maximum value of, 200 divider, 41
peak factor of, 206 ratio, 190
periodic time of, 199 Cycle, 199
phase angle of, 214
phasor representation of, 216 D.C., 21
production of, 197 D.C. circuits, 31
rms value of, 205 parallel, 35
Alternator, 151 series, 31
Ammeter, 22 series/parallel, 43
moving coil, 159 D.C. generators, 235
rectifier moving coil, 212 armature, 235
Ampere, 9 commutator, 235
Atom, 7 construction, 238
acceptor, 270 self excitation, 241
Bohr model, 7 separately excited, 239
donor, 269 series, 242
shell structure, 263 shunt, 240
D.C. transients, 249
Back-emf, 244 C-R series circuits, 249
Battery, 10 L-R series circuits, 256
B/H curve, 133 time constant, 251, 255, 257
Bridge rectifier, 210 Diode, 272
characteristics, 274
Capacitance, 83 p-n junction, 272
Capacitors, 84 zener, 276
dielectric strength, 101
energy stored in, 97 Eddy currents, 172
in parallel, 87 Electric
in series, 89 charge, 8
in series/parallel, 92 current, 9
multiplate, 95 field, 76
types of, 102 field strength, 78
Cathode ray oscilloscope (CRO), 224 flux, 79
Cathode ray tube (CRT), 224 flux density, 79 289
290 Index

Electromagnetic induction, 141, 147 Instantaneous value, 198, 206

Electromotive force (emf), 10 Intrinsic semiconductor, 264
Electron-hole pair, 266 Ion
Energy, 17 negative, 7, 270
dissipated by resistance, 17 positive, 7, 266, 269
stored in a capacitor, 97 Iron circuit, 115
stored in an inductor, 184 Iron dust core, 174
Extrinsic semiconductor, 268
Kilowatt-hour (kWh), 19
Farad, 83 Kirchhoff’s laws, 48, 49
Faraday’s laws, 141
Ferrite, 174 Laminations, 173
Ferromagnetic material, 111 Lenz’s law, 144
Field Loading effect on voltmeter, 166
electric, 76
magnetic, 111 Magnetic circuits, 114
Field strength comparison with other circuits, 132
electric, 78 composite, 126
magnetic, 111 parallel, 134
Figure of merit, 166 series, 126
Fleming’s lefthand rule, 152 Magnetic
Fleming’s righthand rule, 144 field, 111
Flux field strength (H), 117
electric, 79 flux, 115
magnetic, 111 flux density, 115
Flux density hysteresis, 132
electric, 79 reluctance, 128
magnetic, 115 saturation, 123
Force between charged bodies, 75 Magnetisation curve (B/H), 122
Force between conductors, 156 Magnetomotive force (mmf), 116
Form factor, 207 Meter
Frequency, 199 damping torque, 161
Fringing, 78 deflecting torque, 159
Full-wave rectifier, 210 full-scale deflection (fsd), 161
multiplier, 163
Galvanometer (galvo), 63 ohmmeter, 170
Generation of emf, 147, 150, 235 restoring torque, 160
shunt, 162
Half-wave rectifier, 209 wattmeter, 171
Henry, 175 Motor principle, 153
Hysteresis, 132 Motors, 244
loop, 133 series, 245
loss, 134 shunt, 244
Motor/generator duality, 233
Induced emf, 142 Moving coil meter, 159
Inductance, 175
mutual, 180 n-type semiconductor, 268
self, 175
Inductor, 177 Ohm, 10
energy storage, 184 Ohmmeter, 170
Internal resistance, 14 Ohm’s law, 13
 Index 291

Peak factor, 206 Saturation, 123

Peak value, 200 Sawtooth waveform, 227
Periodic time, 199 Scientific notation, 2
Permeability, 118 Self-excitation, 244
absolute, 119 Self-inductance, 175
of free space, 118 Semiconductors, 23, 263
relative, 119 Separately-excited generator, 239
Permittivity, 84 Series generator, 242
absolute, 85 Series motor, 245
of free space, 84 Shunt generator, 240
relative, 84 Shunt motor, 244
Phase and phase angle, 214 Sinusoidal waveform, 21
Phasor, 216 Slidewire potentiometer, 65
Phasor diagram, 217 Solenoid, 113
p-n junction, 271 Standard form notation, 2
p-n junction diode, 272
forward characteristics, 273 Temperature coefficient of resistance, 22
reverse characteristics, 273 Time constant, 251, 255, 257
Potential difference (pd), 11 Transient response, 250
Potential divider, 40 Transformer, 186
Potential gradient, 80 current ratio, 190
Potentiometer, 65 principle, 186
Power, 18 turns ratio, 189
Proton, 7 voltage ratio, 189
p-type semiconductor, 270
Units, 1, Appendix A
Recombination, 266
Rectifier, 208 Valence shell, 264
bridge, 210 Volt, 10
full-wave, 210 Voltage drop (pd), 11
half-wave, 209 Voltmeter, 25
instrument, 212 analogue, 25
Relative permeability, 119 digital (DVM or DMM), 25
Relative permittivity, 84 figure of merit, 166
Reluctance, 128 loading effect, 166
Remanance, 133 multiplier, 163
Remanent flux density, 133
Resistance, 10 Watt, 18
internal, 14 Wattmeter, 171
Resistivity, 21 Weber, 115
Resistors, 10 Wheatstone bridge, 55
in parallel, 35 balance conditions, 60, 61
in series, 31 circuit, 56
in series/parallel, 43 instrument, 63
Root of the means
squared (rms) value, 205 Zener diode, 276