Test Bank for Clinical Psychology 2nd Edition Pomerantz

Test Bank for Clinical Psychology 2nd Edition

Pomerantz

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Chapter 7

1. The harmful dysfunction theory of mental disorders was developed by

A) Sigmund Freud B) Jerome Wakefield C) Emil Kraepelin D) B. F.
Skinner
Ans: B

2. According to the harmful dysfunction theory of mental disorders, when we try to

determine what is abnormal, we should consider
A) scientific or evolutionary data
B) the social values that provide the context for the behavior in question
C) all of the above
D) none of the above
Ans: C

3. All editions of the DSM have been published by the

A) American Psychiatric Association C) American Psychological Society
B) American Psychological Association D) American Counseling Association
Ans: A

4. The DSM reflects a medical model of psychopathology, according to which

A) each mental disorder is a byproduct of a medical disorder centered in a part of the
body other than the brain.
B) each mental disorder is an entity defined categorically and features a list of
specific symptoms.
C) medication is the only acceptable form of treatment for mental disorders.
D) psychotherapy cannot be expected to succeed unless it is accompanied by
medication.
Ans: B

5. Minor depressive disorder

A) is not mentioned in the current DSM at all.
B) is listed as a provisional (not official) disorder in an appendix of the current DSM.
C) is listed as a full-fledged official disorder in the current DSM.
D) is included in the current DSM as a sub-type of major depressive disorder.
Ans: B

6. According to the current DSM, there are 9 possible symptoms of a depressive episode.
To be diagnosed with minor depressive disorder, a client would need to exhibit at least
_____ of these symptoms.
A) 2 B) 4 C) 6 D) 8
Ans: A

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 7. Emil Kraepelin was a pioneer of the diagnosis of mental disorders. Among the
categories he identified were ________, which is similar to the current label of bipolar
disorder, and ________ which is similar to the current label of schizophrenia.
A) manic-depressive psychosis; dementia praecox
B) anxiety neurosis; disorderly thought psychosis
C) dementia praecox; separation disorder
D) none of the above
Ans: A

8. During the late 1800s and early 1900s, the primary purpose of diagnostic categories was
A) the diagnosis of prisoners.
B) the collection of statistical and census data.
C) compliance with health insurance and managed care company policies.
D) to offer guidance toward particular forms of medication and psychotherapy.
Ans: B

9. The first edition of the DSM was published in

A) 1914 B) 1930 C) 1952 D) 1986
Ans: C

10. DSM-I and DSM-II

A) were entirely empirically based.
B) reflected a psychoanalytic orientation.
C) included lists of specific symptoms or criteria for each disorder.
D) all of the above
Ans: B

11. DSM-III differed from its predecessors in significant ways, such as

A) the inclusion of a multi-axial system by which clinicians could diagnose clients on
five separate axes.
B) the use of specific diagnostic criteria to define disorders.
C) a greater reliance on empirical data rather than clinical consensus.
D) all of the above
Ans: D

12. DSM-III was published in

A) 1952 B) 1968 C) 1980 D) 1994
Ans: C

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13. Which of the following is true?
A) DSM-IV and DSM-IV-TR contain exactly the same disorders defined by exactly
the same criteria. DSM-IV-TR includes text surrounding the diagnostic criteria
that is not included in DSM-IV.
B) DSM-IV contains more disorders than DSM-IV-TR.
C) DSM-IV-TR contains about twice as many disorders than DSM-IV.
D) none of the above
Ans: A

14. The list of culture-bound syndromes first appeared in

A) DSM-I. B) DSM-II. C) DSM-III. D) DSM-IV.
Ans: D

15. The current edition of the DSM has received numerous criticisms. Which of the
following is inconsistent with these criticisms?
A) DSM has not expanded rapidly enough, and as a result the current edition includes
approximately the same number of disorders as the original edition.
B) The cutoffs that separate those who qualify for the disorders from those who do
not qualify are often arbitrary rather than empirically based.
C) Nonempirical influences, such as political and social forces, may have too much
influence on the decisions made by DSM authors.
D) all of the above
Ans: A

16. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder

A) was an official disorder in the original edition of the DSM, but is not mentioned at
all in the current edition.
B) is listed as a provisional disorder, or a "criteria set for further study," in the current
DSM.
C) is a subtype of bipolar disorder.
D) is the only official disorder appearing in DSM-IV-TR that did not appear in
DSM-IV.
Ans: B

17. DSM has always offered a ___________ approach to diagnosis.

A) dimensional B) symptom- or criteria-based C) categorical D)
multi-axial
Ans: C

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18. Essentially, a categorical approach to diagnosis of mental disorders suggests that an
individual
A) has a disorder or does not have it.
B) has every disorder to some extent.
C) can only be diagnosed with one disorder at a single point in time.
D) can have multiple disorders at the same time only if those disorders fall within the
same larger category, such as mood disorders or anxiety disorders.
Ans: A

19. In recent years, researchers have offered alternatives to the categorical approach to the
diagnosis of mental disorders. Specifically, the _________ approach has received
significant attention, especially regarding the _________ disorders.
A) dimensional; anxiety C) multi-axial; mood
B) dimensional; personality D) medical model; eating
Ans: B

20. Researchers who endorse the dimensional approach to diagnosis of mental problems
most often recommend that ___________ serve as the basis for the dimensions.
A) the five-factor model of personality C) baseline behavioral data
B) cognitive thought distortion D) neurosis and psychosis
categories
Ans: A

21. A potential risk of expanding the range of pathology included in the DSM is that
A) more people may have to live with stigma associated with a diagnostic label.
B) the concept of mental illness could be trivialized because it is applied to so many
people and experiences.
C) all of the above
D) none of the above
Ans: C

22. Categorical diagnosis of mental illness has many advantages, including the fact that it
A) facilitates communication between professionals.
B) forces professionals to think categorically, which is an unnatural and uncommon
manner of cognition among human beings.
C) all of the above
D) none of the above
Ans: A

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23. Compared to the definition of generalized anxiety disorder in DSM-IV-TR (2000), the
definition of anxiety neurosis in DSM-II (1968)
A) contains more specific diagnostic criteria.
B) contains more terminology derived from psychoanalysis.
C) all of the above
D) none of the above
Ans: B

24. Briefly explain how the inclusion of minor depressive disorder could have beneficial or
problematic consequences for clients in the future.
Ans: Beneficial consequences
--identify and demystify the experience
--feel like she shares this experience with others and is not the only one with it
--acknowledge the significance of problem to friends, family, employer, self
--gain access to treatment
Problematic consequences
--view of self as mentally ill could harm self-image
--could be stereotyped by others
--locate problem in individual rather than in system
--negatively influence legal cases, such as child custody

25. Briefly explain the important differences between DSM-III and its predecessors.
Ans: --greater reliance on empirical data; less reliance on clinical consensus
--use of specific criteria to define disorders
--atheoretical; no longer psychoanalytically based
--introduced multi-axial system
--introduced GAF scale
--longer and more expansive; more disorders included

26. In what ways has the current edition of the DSM been criticized?
Ans: --breadth of coverage; too many disorders, too much overlap with normality
--arbitrary cutoffs, especially regarding number of symptoms required for
diagnoses
--cultural limitations, despite recent progress
--gender bias in certain disorders
--nonempirical influences, such as political and social forces
--limitations on objectivity; some judgment by experts remains

27. Briefly explain how the professions of the primary authors of the DSM, as well as its
publisher, has influenced its approach to conceptualizing mental disorders.
Ans: --authors have always been primarily medical doctors (physicians)
--publisher has always been American Psychiatric (not Psychological) Association
--this results in a medical-model, categorical approach rather than an alternate
approach (e.g., dimensional)

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Test Bank for Clinical Psychology 2nd Edition Pomerantz

28. Compare and contrast the categorical and dimensional approaches to diagnosis.
Ans: --categorical approach essentially requires a yes/no decision regarding diagnoses
--a client either "has" or "doesn't have" a disorder; no middle ground or "shades of
gray"
--by contrast, dimensional approach essentially eliminates yes/no categories and
replaces them with a dimension or continuum on which client's system can be
placed
--more of a "shades of gray" model rather than "black or white"
--categorical has always been used by DSM, so more familiar at this point; also, it
facilitates communication and research
--dimensional can produce more accurate client descriptions, especially when
dimensions are readily identifiable (as is most true with personality disorders)

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