TOPICAL ASSESSMENT 2

1. Research at least 1 international and 1 domestic ongoing projects/construction of transport

infrastructures (airports, seaports, highways, bridges, diversion roads, expressways, bullet trains,
metro rail stations, bus terminals etc.)

One domestic ongoing project is the construction of the North-South Commuter Railway in the
Philippines. The project objective to catalyze economic and urban growth in the most populous
regions of the islands by providing critical connectivity through a world-class passenger rail
service. It aims to improve the country's railway system by constructing a 147-kilometer railway
line that will connect New Clark City in Tarlac to Calamba in Laguna. It will have 36 stations
and is expected to reduce travel time between the two cities from three hours to just one hour.
This project was still an ongoing project because the NSCR Malolos-Manila and Clark Extension
sections are expected to be completed in 2024. If everything goes right this time around, you can
expect the Department of Transportation (DOTr) and the Philippines National Railways to finish
the entire project by 2029.

One international ongoing project is the Istanbul New Airport, also known as Istanbul Airport. It
is the largest airport in Turkey and one of the biggest in the world. It officially opened in October
2018 and has since then been serving millions of passengers every year. The airport is located on
the European side of Istanbul, near the Black Sea coast, and is designed to eventually replace the
older Atatürk Airport. This airport will be able to accommodate nearly 200 million passengers a
year when fully completed in 2028. The airport offers a wide range of amenities and services,
including duty-free shops, restaurants, cafes, lounges, prayer rooms, and even an art museum. It
also features advanced technologies, such as facial recognition for security checks and
self-service check-in kiosks.

2. Evaluate the identified transport infrastructures and develop a PESTLE analysis. PESTLE is a
mnemonic which in its expanded form denotes P for Political, E for Economic, S for Social, T
for Technological, L for Legal, and E for Environmental. It gives a bird’s eye view of the whole
environment from many different angles that one wants to check and keep a track of while
contemplating a certain idea/plan.

There are certain questions that one needs to ask while conducting this analysis, which gives
them an idea of what things to keep in mind. They are:

● What is the political situation of the country and how can it affect the industry?
● What are the prevalent economic factors?
● How much importance does culture have in the market and what are its determinants?
● What technological innovations are likely to pop up and affect the market structure?
● Are there any current legislations that regulate the industry or can there be any change in
the legislations for the industry?
● What are the environmental concerns for the industry?

POLITICAL

According to Jabal (2023), the Philippines has an underdeveloped transport system, while there
is an effort from the government and private sectors promoting a sustainable future in
transportation, there is still a belief that the transport sector of the Philippines is far from
achieving this goal.But despite this belief, the government has committed to funding and
investing on the transport industry to support projects such as this to further improve the sector in
the Philippines

On the other hand, the Turkish government has invested in modernizing Istanbul's transportation
infrastructure, including motorways, bridges, and tunnels. They have also implemented
initiatives to reduce traffic and encourage public transit, providing subsidies and incentives for
environmentally friendly car usage, ensuring safe and efficient transportation options for
residents and visitors.

ECONOMIC

Economic factors play a crucial role in the success of any infrastructure project. The North-South
Commuter Railway project is expected to boost economic growth by improving transportation
and reducing traffic congestion. Similarly, the Istanbul New Airport is expected to boost Turkey's
economy by increasing tourism and trade. However, economic downturns or changes in the
global economy can impact these projects. To improve accessibility in the North-South the
railway can increase connectivity to businesses and job centers, thereby attracting new
businesses and making it easier for citizens to find work. Property values in areas near railway
stations frequently rise. This can benefit homeowners while also increasing property tax income
for local governments. When compared to individual car commuting, commuter railways are
often more energy-efficient and have a lesser environmental impact. This may result in cost
savings associated with pollution and environmental damage.

SOCIAL

The North-South Commuter Railway project in the Philippines is successful in large part due to
cultural factors. It is essential for the project's execution to comprehend and take cultural factors
into account in a variety of areas, from community participation to market research and labor
management. Like any market or economic endeavor, culture is crucial to the success of the
Istanbul New Airport project. To give visitors a favorable experience and ensure the project's
long-term success, it is crucial to comprehend and respect the cultural background of the area.
It's crucial to keep in mind that while airports can benefit society in many ways, there are also
difficulties and potential drawbacks. Therefore, careful planning, sustainable development
methods, and community involvement are crucial to maximizing the advantages and minimizing
any negative repercussions of such initiatives. Additionally, recent news reports and official
statements from pertinent authorities should be consulted for the most up-to-date information and
evaluations of the effects of the Istanbul New Airport on society.

TECHNOLOGICAL

One of the primary technological impacts of the NSCR project is the introduction of modern,
high-speed trains that can transport passengers at speeds of up to 160 kilometers per hour. These
trains will be equipped with advanced safety features, such as automatic train control systems, to
ensure the safety of passengers. Moreover, the NSCR project will also involve the construction
of modern railway stations equipped with state-of-the-art facilities such as free Wi-Fi, automated
ticketing systems, and real-time train schedule displays. The project also includes the
construction of elevated tracks that will minimize disruptions to road traffic and provide a more
efficient route for commuters. In conclusion, the NSCR project is expected to have a significant
technological impact on the Philippines, providing modern and efficient transportation for
millions of commuters. The project will not only improve the country's transportation system but
also contribute to its economic development.

The new Istanbul Airport in Turkey has had a significant technological impact since its opening
in 2018. With a capacity to handle 90 million passengers annually, the airport features advanced
technologies to ensure passenger safety, comfort, and convenience. One of the most significant
technological advancements is the use of biometric technology for passenger identification and
security checks. Passengers can go through the airport's security checkpoints without showing
their passports or boarding passes. Instead, facial recognition technology is used to identify
passengers, making the process faster and more efficient. The airport also features advanced
baggage handling systems that use automated technology to sort and transport luggage. The
system can handle up to 30,000 bags per hour, reducing the chances of lost or misplaced luggage.
Another notable advancement is the airport's use of smart technologies to enhance passenger
experience. The airport has a mobile app that allows passengers to access real-time flight
information, navigate the airport, and even order food and drinks from airport restaurants.
Overall, the Istanbul New Airport has set new standards for airport technology, making it one of
the most advanced airports in the world. It has transformed the travel experience for millions of
passengers, making it faster, more efficient, and more enjoyable.

LEGAL

The Philippines' transportation industry is governed by the Land Transportation and Traffic
Code, established in 1964, which covers motor vehicle registration, licensing, traffic rules, and
penalties. Other laws include the Civil Aviation Authority Act, which governs the aviation
industry, and the Philippine Ports Authority Act, which governs port operations.The Philippines
is facing new challenges in the transportation sector, with calls for stronger regulations on
ride-hailing services like Uber and Grab. This may lead to changes in existing laws, highlighting
the government's responsibility to ensure safety, efficiency, and accessibility.

Several laws govern the transportation business in Istanbul, Turkey, particularly in regard to
Istanbul Airport. The Turkish Civil Aviation Law, which defines the regulatory framework for
Turkey's aviation industry, is one of the most important pieces of law. The law addresses a wide
range of topics, including aircraft safety and security, as well as environmental protection. The
Air Transport Regulation, which gives specific guidelines on the licensing, certification, and
operation of airlines, airports, and other aviation-related enterprises, is another essential
regulation. In addition, the regulation establishes the norms and processes for providing air
transportation services in Turkey.
ENVIRONMENTAL

Environmental concerns are an important factor to consider in any infrastructure project. The
North-South Commuter Railway is expected to reduce air pollution by reducing the number of
cars on the road. Similarly, the Istanbul New Airport is expected to incorporate sustainable
design features such as solar power and rainwater harvesting. However, the impact of these
projects on the environment should be carefully considered.

3. Develop a critical evaluation on the core impact of the development of transport infrastructure
to the tourism industry and how it plays its distinctive role in the development of this
ever-expanding industry. Hence, formulate a conclusive recommendation on how these
infrastructures provide and maintain the first critical impression of the destination to ensure
lasting industry undertakings.

Tourism infrastructure is considered as the physical element that is designed and erected to cater
to visitors. Tourism infrastructure is considered the basis of tourism development, as well as a
base for the utilization of destination resources. Tourism infrastructure includes complimentary
facilities, equipment, and necessary resources for the functioning of every tourist destination.
Transport infrastructure mostly involves roads, railways, airports, along with others, which make
a tourist destination accessible for tourists. Transport plays a significant part in the equation
since it is accountable for connecting tourism-generating regions to destinations, and makes it
easier for tourists to arrive at their location. Development of the tourism sector depends on the
infrastructure and an efficient transportation system. The development of transport infrastructure
to the tourism industry promotes gross domestic product growth, which serves as a prerequisite
for tourism development. The project's technical assistance clearly facilitated a very significant
increase in government investment in tourism roads, and this is its significant success.
To ensure that the North-South Commuter Railway and Istanbul New Airport provide and
maintain the first critical impression of their respective destinations, fostering lasting industry
undertakings, the following conclusive recommendations should be considered:

1. Aesthetics and Design:

Prioritize aesthetically pleasing and culturally relevant design elements in the construction and
maintenance of both the North-South Commuter Railway stations and Istanbul New Airport.
Ensure that architectural choices reflect the local culture and heritage, creating a sense of place.

2. Cleanliness and Maintenance:

Maintain high cleanliness standards throughout the railway stations and airport facilities.
Implement regular maintenance schedules to keep infrastructure in pristine condition, presenting
a welcoming and well-cared-for environment to arriving passengers.

3. Efficient Operations:

Focus on efficient and streamlined operations. Ensure that both the railway and airport run
smoothly, minimizing delays and inconveniences for travelers. Well-organized and punctual
transportation services leave a positive first impression.

4. Sustainable Practices:

Integrate sustainable and environmentally responsible practices into the operation and
construction of these infrastructures. Implement energy-efficient technologies, waste reduction
programs, and green building designs to demonstrate a commitment to environmental
stewardship.

5. Safety and Security:

Place a strong emphasis on safety and security measures. Invest in state-of-the-art security
systems and ensure a visible and reassuring presence of security personnel. Clear signage and
communication regarding safety procedures are essential.

6. Technological Innovation:

Stay at the forefront of technological advancements. Integrate cutting-edge technologies such as

biometrics for security, self-service check-in kiosks, and real-time traveler information systems.
These technologies enhance the convenience and efficiency of travel.

7. Staff Training:

Invest in staff training programs focused on providing excellent customer service, cultural
sensitivity, and multilingual support. Well-trained and courteous staff can significantly impact
travelers' first impressions.

In conclusion, these recommendations into the operation and management of the North-South
Commuter Railway and Istanbul New Airport will help these critical infrastructures serve as
gateways that provide a positive and lasting impression of their respective destinations. By
focusing on aesthetics, sustainability, safety, technology, and staff training, these projects can
enhance the overall travel experience and contribute to the sustained success of the tourism
industry in their regions.

4. Attach a picture(s) and explain how this type of transportation contributes to the tourist
experience and industry as a whole.
NORTH-SOUTH COMMUTER RAILWAY

Home to 12 million people, Metro Manila, the country's capital, is among the most severely
congested cities in the world. Millions of workers from within the metropolis and surrounding
provinces commute to their workplaces every day, braving traffic and crowds given the
inadequate public transportation system.
The project includes the construction of 18 stations designed to provide safe access for all,
including the elderly, women, children, and people with disabilities. There will also be a
connecting tunnel to allow the operation of direct trains from Calamba to stations on the future
Metro Manila subway system. The railway will also be designed to be resilient against disasters
like typhoons and earthquakes.

Once completed, the railway will help ease road traffic congestion, contribute to a reduction in
greenhouse gas emissions in line with the Philippines’ climate change agenda, and reduce travel
time between Manila and Calamba by over half, from 2.5 hours currently by road.

"The South Commuter Railway Project will provide affordable, safe, reliable, and fast public
transport for commuters,” said Ahmed M. Saeed, ADB vice-president for East Asia, Southeast
Asia, and the Pacific. "This project represents ADB’s biggest infrastructure investment and
reflects our commitment to helping the Philippines attain its goals of reducing poverty,
improving the lives of Filipinos, and achieving green, resilient, and high economic growth."
ISTANBUL NEW AIRPORT

Istanbul New Airport is a state-of-the-art airport situated in Turkey, hailed as one of the world's
largest. With a capacity of over 90 million passengers annually, the airport serves as Turkey's
prime gateway. The airport's transportation infrastructure is a vital element in enhancing the
tourist experience and contributing to the industry as a whole.

Various transportation options are available to tourists visiting Turkey, including buses, taxis, and
car rentals, providing easy access to different parts of Istanbul and other major cities. The metro
station at the airport links passengers to the city center, simplifying the exploration of the city.

Moreover, the airport's modern facilities and services establish a convenient and comfortable
starting point. Duty-free shops, restaurants, and cafes, among other amenities, provide a unique
experience. The airport also caters to the needs of tourists with lounges, prayer rooms, and
medical centers.

In conclusion, Istanbul New Airport's transportation infrastructure is a crucial factor in boosting

Turkey's tourism industry. It caters to tourists' needs, making it a convenient and comfortable
starting point for their journey. The airport's accessibility to different parts of Istanbul and other
cities in Turkey makes it an ideal hub for tourists traveling to the country.

5. Citation of the author, web links and references of the information must be included on the last
page for verification purposes.

NO CITATION/REFERENCES, NO EVALUATION/SCORE.

References:

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BusinessWorld Online.
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North-South Railway Project, Philippines - Railway Technology. (n.d.).

Www.railway-Technology.com.

https://www.railway-technology.com/projects/north-south-railway-project/

(n.d.). North-South Commuter Railway [Review of North-South Commuter Railway].

Https://Www.spot.ph/Amp/Newsfeatures/Mobility/103783/Timeline-of-The-Nscr-Project-

Istanbul International Airport (IST). (2023, February 28). Istanbul International Airport (IST) |

The New Istanbul Airport. Istanbul International Airport.

https://istanbul-international-airport.com/

Istanbul New Airport, Black Sea Coast. (n.d.). Www.airport-Technology.com.

https://www.airport-technology.com/projects/istanbul-new-airport-black-sea-coast/
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Praveen. (2023, March 15). Istanbul New Airport, Black Sea Coast, Turkey. Airport Technology.

https://www.airport-technology.com/projects/istanbul-new-airport-black-sea-coast/

Quinn, C. (2019, March 1). “World’s biggest airport” in Istanbul gets new opening date. Condé Nast

Traveler. https://www.cntraveler.com/story/istanbul-worlds-biggest-airport-opens

Istanbul’s new $11B airport aims to top Atlanta as the world’s busiest. (2018, January 27). NBC News.

https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/airplane-mode/erdogan-flexes-political-muscle-new-11b-airp

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Erşen, E. B. (2017, April 25). Istanbul New Airport Aims to highlight city’s character as transfer hub, hot

destination. Daily Sabah.

https://www.dailysabah.com/tourism/2017/04/25/istanbul-new-airport-aims-to-highlight-citys-cha

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How a Major Philippine Railway Project Will Aid Filipinos Find Jobs. (n.d.). SEADS.

https://seads.adb.org/solutions/how-major-philippine-railway-project-will-aid-filipinos-find-jobs

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