SEP 94 POSITIVE IDENTIFICATION OF ALLOYS GEMS G-1P0

TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE

1. SCOPE .............................................................. 2

2. REFERENCES ......................................................... 2
2.1 Purchaser Specifications ..................................... 2
2.2 Purchaser Drawings ........................................... 2
2.3 Industry Codes and Standards ................................. 2

3. DEFINITIONS ........................................................ 2

4. GENERAL ............................................................ 3

5. WRITTEN PROCEDURES ................................................. 3

6. PURPOSE OF TEST .................................................... 4

7. TEST EQUIPMENT ..................................................... 4

8. ALLOY ITEMS SUBJECT TO PMI ......................................... 4

9. EXTENT AND RECORDING OF EXAMINATIONS ............................... 5

9.1 Shop Fabricated Equipment and Piping ......................... 5
9.2 Field Fabricated Equipment and Piping ........................ 5
9.3 Valves ....................................................... 5
9.4 Examination Results .......................................... 6
9.5 Nonconforming Items or Welds ................................. 6
9.6 Component Loss of Metal ...................................... 6

10. ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA ................................................ 6

11. IDENTIFICATION ..................................................... 7

TABLES
1 Elements of Common Alloys Subject to PMI Inspection

ATTACHMENTS
G-1P0S1 Data Sheet

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SEP 94 POSITIVE IDENTIFICATION OF ALLOYS GEMS G-1P0

1. SCOPE

This specification defines minimum technical requirements for the

procedures, test equipment, location, extent, recording, acceptance
criteria, and identification for positive material identification (PMI)
of alloys.

2. REFERENCES

2.1 Purchaser Specifications

This specification contains references to the following Purchaser
specifications:
None.
2.2 Purchaser Drawings
This specification contains references to the following Purchaser
drawings:
None.
2.3 Industry Codes and Standards
This specification contains references to the following industry codes
and standards:
2.3.1 American Petroleum Institute (API)
598, “Valve Inspection and Testing”.
2.3.2 American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
1. E 327, “Test Method for Optical Emission Spectrometric
Analysis of Stainless Type 18-8 Steels by the Point-to-
Plane Technique”.
2. E 352, “Methods for Chemical Analysis of Tool Steels and
Other Similar Medium- and High-Alloy Steels”.
3. E 353, “Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Stainless,
Heat-Resisting, Maraging, and Other Similar Chromium-
Nickel-Iron-Alloys”.
4. E 572, “Test Method for X-Ray Emission Spectrometric
Analysis of Stainless Steel”.
2.3.3 Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fitting
Industry (MSS)
SP-61, “Pressure Testing of Steel Valves”.

3. DEFINITIONS

1. Carbon steel is an iron alloy that contains carbon and small

amounts of manganese, silicon, copper, phosphorous, and sulfur. C-
Mn-Si steels and other steels that contain approximately 0.1% of
vanadium or columbium to increase strength are considered carbon
steel.
2. Alloy metals are those that contain alloying elements, such as
chromium, nickel, or molybdenum, which are intentionally added to

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SEP 94 POSITIVE IDENTIFICATION OF ALLOYS GEMS G-1P0

enhance mechanical or physical properties and/or corrosion

resistance.
3. Inspection Lot - Group of identified items or material from a
common source from which a sample is to be drawn for examination.
A single lot shall not include more than one heat.
4. Lot Size - Number of pieces available in the inspection lot at the
time a representative sample is selected.
5. Representative Sample - One or more units selected at random from
the inspection lot which are to be examined to determine
acceptability of the inspection lot.

4. GENERAL

1. Supplier shall be responsible for identification of alloy items to

ensure that they conform to this specification, whether performed
by him directly or not.
2. Unless otherwise specified, Supplier shall bear PMI testing costs.
3. Testing in piping fabrication, heat exchanger, or pressure vessel
shop shall be performed after fabrication. Testing at field
construction locations shall be performed prior to fabrication
(following receipt).
4. Testing may be performed prior to any applicable heat treatment.
5. Repair welds shall be tested.
6. All material subject to PMI shall be tested for alloy
identification. Specific element analysis shall not be performed
unless it is the only method available.
7. Purchaser shall have the right to prohibit those personnel judged
unqualified from performing examinations.

5. WRITTEN PROCEDURES

1. Written procedures shall be developed for each examination.

2. Procedures shall ensure examinations are performed in accordance
with this specification.
3. Procedures shall as a minimum contain:
a. Name and manufacturer of equipment to be used.
b. Description of equipment operating principle.
c. Calibration procedure and frequency.
d. Procedural steps in detail.
e. Procedure to follow if identification results are inconclusive
(alloy type is unknown).
f. Radiation safety operating and emergency procedures, if
applicable.
g. Statement of personnel competency or qualification (by
training and/or experience) in the techniques of material
identification by methods listed in Section 7.
4. Procedures shall be submitted to and authorized by Purchaser prior
to start of fabrication.

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SEP 94 POSITIVE IDENTIFICATION OF ALLOYS GEMS G-1P0

5. Examinations shall be performed in accordance with authorized

procedures.

6. PURPOSE OF TEST

Tests shall provide either:

1. Preliminary materials class identification, i.e. ferritic or

austenitic.
2. Qualitative identification that will identify a specific alloy,
such as 304 stainless steel, 304L, or 304H.
3. Quantitative, recordable, elemental composition results for
positive identification of alloying elements.

7. TEST EQUIPMENT

1. Preliminary material identification tests may be performed with a

magnet.
2. Quantitative and/or qualitative tests shall be performed with the
following equipment:
a. Portable X-ray emission analyzers, such as Texas Nuclear 9266,
Texas Nuclear Metallurgist-XR, or equivalent approved by
Purchaser.
b. Portable optical emission spectrometer, such as Spectroport TP
07.
c. Approved analytical laboratories (not portable) using:
(1) X-ray emission spectrometry in accordance with ASTM E
572.
(2) Optical spectroscopy in accordance with ASTM E 327.
(3) Wet chemical analysis in accordance with ASTM E 352 or E
353.
3. If laboratory analysis is used, method of sample identification and
traceability to original material shall be confirmed by Supplier.

8. ALLOY ITEMS SUBJECT TO PMI

The following alloy items shall have the chemistry of material verified
and identified in accordance with Section 9:

1. Pipe, valve bodies, and bonnets (including control and relief type
valves), flanges, fittings (including weld-o-lets and thread-o-
lets, etc.), thermowells, metallic gaskets, and nozzle necks.
2. Heat exchanger tubing.
3. Heater tubes and fittings (includes pipe used for tubing).
4. Pressure vessel, heat exchanger, pump, compressor, and auxiliary
equipment pressure boundary component pressure containing parts.
5. Specifically identified internal components for which PMI is
designated on outline drawings or bill of material.
6. Weld metal on welds used to join components requiring PMI.

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SEP 94 POSITIVE IDENTIFICATION OF ALLOYS GEMS G-1P0

7. Alloy branch connections from equipment, vessels, or piping to

instrument or control systems when specified.
8. Rotating equipment rotors, turbine blades, and impellers.

9. EXTENT AND RECORDING OF EXAMINATIONS

9.1 Shop Fabricated Equipment and Piping

1. If accessible, Supplier's examination shall be performed after
fabrication.
2. Components that are not accessible after fabrication shall be
tested upon receipt and identified positively prior to attachment.
3. Methods for PMI prior to assembly by welding shall be submitted by
Supplier for review and acceptance in writing by Purchaser.
4. Items in Section 8 requiring PMI shall be 100% tested, except as
follows:
a. Exchanger tubes shall be 5% tested per heat of material.
b. Valves shall be tested in accordance with Section 9.3.
c. Metallic alloy gaskets shall be 5% tested.
5. All alloy welds in shop fabricated alloy spools shall be examined.
9.2 Field Fabricated Equipment and Piping
1. Supplier's examination and marking of alloy materials shall be
performed following receipt at construction site.
2. Items in Section 8 requiring PMI shall be 100% tested, except as
follows:
a. Valves shall be tested in accordance with Section 9.3.
b. Metallic gaskets as noted in Section 9.1, paragraph 4.c.
c. A minimum of 25% of welds used to join items requiring PMI
shall be tested.
9.3 Valves
1. Chrome alloy and high alloy (more than 20% nickel) shall be 100%
tested on shell components, including bonnet, external plugs, and
bolting, for alloy conformance. Unless otherwise specified, testing
shall include all types of valves.
2. Valves with alloy 20 or higher alloy trim shall have disc and seats
tested for alloy conformance. Carbon steel body valves shall
include random sampling of 10% of gates and 10% of both seats (if
accessible). High alloy body valves shall include 100% of discs and
all seats which are not integral to body itself, if accessible.
3. Valves that are reused from an existing plant or reclaimed from
prior projects for use and are not carbon steel body and bonnet
shall be PMI tested for alloy conformance on the body and shell. If
disassembled, all accessible seats and disc shall be tested for
alloy conformance.
4. Valves that are disassembled for any reason shall have all packing
replaced, bolting inspected, and new gaskets and seals installed.
After reassembly, valves shall be:

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SEP 94 POSITIVE IDENTIFICATION OF ALLOYS GEMS G-1P0

a. Pressure tested per API 598 or MSS-SP 61 (as applicable) for a

high pressure shell and low pressure seat test as minimum.
b. Certified by the testing agency.
5. Valve repair, reconditioning, and test facilities (including
personnel) shall be qualified for such work. Documentation, test
procedures, and calibration of equipment shall be inspected and
subject to approval by Purchaser prior to start of work.
6. Valves tested or otherwise filled with water shall be blown dry
with compressed air following successful testing. Unless otherwise
specified, prior to release, valves shall be coated with light
kerosene or other approved rust preventive.
7. Valves described in paragraphs 3. through 7. (which are not new and
unused and have not been disassembled) shall have stamped aluminum
or steel tag attached to handwheel using minimum 16 gage wire which
states “reconditioned”.
9.4 Examination Results
1. Results of all examinations shall be recorded on the data sheet.
2. Data sheet shall include Supplier mill certification and heat
numbers.
9.5 Nonconforming Items or Welds
1. Nonconforming items or welds shall be replaced immediately or
reanalyzed successfully at Supplier's expense.
2. If nonconforming components are detected within the lot, 100%
testing of the inspection lot shall be required.
3. Items identified as different from specified description or
material test report shall be immediately tagged for replacement by
Supplier.
4. All noncomforming components shall be replaced by Supplier.
5. If a referee identification is desired, positive confirmation of
identity shall require laboratory analysis and a report by an
authorized outside laboratory.
9.6 Component Loss of Metal
1. Surfaces subject to analysis methods that cause a component loss of
metal from sampling technique shall be examined to verify
integrity.
2. Surfaces reduced, damaged, or otherwise compromised for required
thickness shall be restored to original acceptable surface
condition.
3. Non-destructive examination shall be performed as appropriate to
ensure integrity prior to delivery to Purchaser.

10. ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA

1. Materials shall satisfy ASTM or ASME composition requirements.

2. If alloy individual element determinations for selected elements in
Table 1 are below range specified by applicable material standard,
component shall be rejected or a laboratory analysis shall be
performed. The laboratory analysis shall determine acceptance or
rejection of material.

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SEP 94 POSITIVE IDENTIFICATION OF ALLOYS GEMS G-1P0

3. If any of the major alloying elements in Table 1 are greater than

the range specified by applicable material standard, the alloy
content shall be reported to Purchaser for acceptance or rejection.
4. Supplier shall identify, mark, and remove all unacceptable
materials and replace them with the specified materials.

11. IDENTIFICATION

1. After PMI has been successfully completed, each piece shall be

marked to identify alloy type.
a. Piping, plate, fittings, and most other materials shall be
marked with color dots, continuous paint marking stripes,
grade identification marking (e.g., 1-1/4 Cr-1/2 Mo), or other
method approved by Purchaser. Color code shall be subject to
Purchaser approval.
b. If approved by Purchaser, small single components (such as 1/2
to 2 inch valves) may be marked with low stress stamps or
vibra-etch.
c. Tags may be used with a Purchaser approved attachment
procedure that will preserve the identification.
2. Other identification methods shall be subject to Purchaser
approval.
3. Cut lengths of pipe from PMI examined material shall have PMI
markings transferred to all pieces.
4. PMI examined materials shall remain identified until such time as
their identity is necessarily obliterated by processing (painting,
insulation, or plant operations).
5. Controls shall be established to prevent inadvertent use of
materials that fail to pass examinations or materials whose
identification does not have proper PMI material designators.

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SEP 94 POSITIVE IDENTIFICATION OF ALLOYS GEMS G-1P0

TABLE 1
ELEMENTS OF COMMON ALLOYS SUBJECT TO PMI INSPECTION
Alloy Cr Ni Mo Cb Ti Cu C
1-1/4 Cr - 1/2 Mo X X
2-1/4 Cr - 1/2 Mo X X
5 Cr - 1/2 Mo X X
7 Cr - 1/2 Mo X X
9 Cr - 1 Mo X X
410 (12 Cr) X
410S & 405 (12 Cr) X X
430 (17 Cr) X
304 X X
304L & 304H X X X
316 X X X
316L & 316H X X X X
317 X X X
317L X X X X
321 X X X
347 X X X
321H X X X X
347H X X X X
Duplex SS 3RE60 X X X
Duplex SS 2205 X X X
Duplex SS 2507 X X X
Alloy 20 X X X X X
Incoloy 800 X X
Incoloy 825 X X X X X
Inconel 600 X X
Inconel 625 X X X X
Monel X X
Hastelloy B X X
Hastelloy C276 X X X

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