Test Bank for Nutrition For A Changing World, 2nd Edition, Jamie Pope, Steven Nizielski

Test Bank for Nutrition For A Changing World, 2nd

Edition, Jamie Pope, Steven Nizielski

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Name: Class: Date:

chapter 5
Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1. Which of these food lists would you expect to contain the most trans fatty acids?
a. crackers with corn oil as an ingredient
b. dip made with avocado
c. margarine with partially hydrogenated soybean oil as an ingredient
d. French fries with peanut oil as an ingredient
e. salad dressing with olive oil as an ingredient

2. Which of the following is NOT regulated by eicosanoids?

a. inflammation
b. lipid digestion
c. blood pressure
d. pain
e. blood clotting

3. Which food combination contains cholesterol?

a. avocado and toast
b. rice and beans
c. French fries and garlic bread
d. turkey and salad
e. peanut butter and jelly sandwich

4. Linoleic acid can be metabolized in the body

a. into EPA, DHA, and eicosanoids.
b. to be stored as cholesterol.
c. into arachidonic acid and eicosanoids.
d. into long-chain omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids.
e. into bile acids to be stored in the gallbladder.

5. An omega-3 fatty acid has

a. three double bonds.
b. a chain length of three carbons.
c. the first double bond at the third carbon from the methyl group.
d. the first double bond at the third carbon from the carboxyl group.
e. a total of 3 methyl groups.

6. Which is the most consumed polyunsaturated fatty acid in the American diet?
a. linoleic acid
b. alpha-linolenic acid
c. DHA
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d. arachidonic acid
e. trans fatty acids

7. Which of the following choices does NOT represent a primary source or sources of linoleic acid in the U.S.
diet?
a. cooking oils
b. fish and other seafood
c. salad dressing
d. nuts
e. seeds

8. Burgers and sandwiches account for _____ of saturated fats in the diets of people aged 2 and older in the
United States.
a. 10%
b. 14%
c. 19%
d. 25%
e. 31%

9. Which fatty acid would be the most solid at room temperature?

a. olive oil
b. coconut oil
c. canola oil
d. soybean oil
e. fish oil

10. Which oil provides the most saturated fatty acids?

a. fish oil
b. corn oil
c. olive oil
d. flaxseed oil
e. coconut oil

11. In 2018, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration banned added _____ fats in most foods.
a. trans
b. saturated
c. polyunsaturated
d. monounsaturated
e. essential

12. Which of the following transports digested lipids and bile across digestive fluids to the surface of mucosal
cells?
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a. VLDLs
b. LDLs
c. HDLs
d. micelles
e. chylomicrons

13. Regular consumption of _____ is a strategy for increasing EPA and DHA concentrations in the body.
a. salmon
b. avocados
c. olive oil
d. flaxseeds
e. coconut oil

14. Which of the following fatty acids are direct precursors of eicosanoids?
a. alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid
b. arachidonic acid and EPA
c. arachidonic acid and DHA
d. linoleic acid and arachidonic acid
e. EPA and DHA

15. According to the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDRs), how many calories should come
from lipids for a person on a 2,000 kcal a day diet?
a. 100-200 kcal
b. 200-400 kcal
c. 400-600 kcal
d. 400-700 kcal
e. 600-800 kcal

16. Which list contains only omega-6 fatty acids?

a. EPA, DHA, linoleic acid
b. EPA, DHA, alpha-linolenic acid
c. linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid
d. EPA, DHA, arachidonic acid
e. arachidonic acid and linoleic acid

17. _____ are important components of cell membranes because they are both hydrophobic and hydrophilic.
a. Fatty acids
b. Phospholipids
c. Sterols
d. Triglycerides
e. Amino acids
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18. Which of the following food lists would you expect to contain the most phospholipids?
a. milk and cereal
b. bread and lunch meats
c. cakes and frozen fries
d. salad dressing and mayonnaise
e. olive oil and avocados

19. Which list contains only omega-3 fatty acids?

a. EPA, DHA, linoleic acid
b. EPA, DHA, alpha-linolenic acid
c. linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid
d. EPA, DHA, arachidonic acid
e. arachidonic acid and linoleic acid

20. Which lipoprotein(s) transport(s) dietary lipids from the intestine into the blood?
a. HDL and LDL
b. LDL
c. HDL
d. chylomicrons
e. micelles

21. Which oil provides the most linoleic acid?

a. fish oil
b. sunflower oil
c. olive oil
d. flaxseed oil
e. coconut oil

22. Which of the following two functions are primary roles of phospholipids in the body?
a. cell membrane component, lipid transport
b. vision, lipid transport
c. cell membrane component, cholesterol synthesis
d. vision, blood clotting
e. blood clotting, lipid transport

23. Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down triglycerides in chylomicrons as they travel through the
blood?
a. chylomicron lipase
b. lipoprotein lipase
c. pancreatic lipase

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d. gastric lipase
e. cholecystokinin

24. Which oil provides the most monounsaturated fatty acids?

a. fish oil
b. corn oil
c. olive oil
d. flaxseed oil
e. coconut oil

25. Which of the following is true about lipid digestion?

a. Lipase produced in the mouth emulsifies lipids.
b. Lipase produced in the stomach emulsifies lipids.
c. Acidity in the stomach emulsifies lipids.
d. Pancreatic lipase emulsifies lipids.
e. Bile acids emulsify lipids.

26. What would you suggest to an individual who has had their gallbladder removed?
a. reduced intake of dairy
b. reduced intake of omega-3 fatty acids
c. reduced protein intake
d. reduced total fat intake
e. all of the above

27. Which fatty acid would be the most unstable and most prone to rancidity?
a. butter
b. coconut oil
c. fully hydrogenated soybean oil
d. partially hydrogenated soybean oil
e. fish oil

28. Which of the following lipoproteins are made in the liver?

chylomicrons, VLDL, and HDL
a. chylomicrons, VLDL, HDL
b. VLDL and HDL
c. LDL and HDL
d. chylomicrons and LDL
e. chylomicrons and HDL

29. Research suggests an association between high intake of _____ and increased cognitive decline.
a. EPA

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b. saturated fat
c. monounsaturated fat
d. DHA
e. omega-3 fats

30. Which does not contribute to triglyceride digestion?

a. lipase activity in the mouth
b. lipase activity in the stomach
c. pancreatic lipase activity in the small intestine
d. bile acids
e. lipase activity in the large intestine

31. Which is a precursor of bile acids?

a. triglycerides
b. cholesterol
c. HDL
d. pancreatic lipase
e. LDL

32. Which does not play a role in transporting lipids in the body?
a. micelle
b. lipase
c. chylomicron
d. LDL
e. VLDL

33. Which are the essential fatty acids?

a. alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid
b. arachidonic acid and EPA
c. arachidonic acid and DHA
d. linoleic acid and arachidonic acid
e. EPA and DHA

34. You are using food labels to avoid purchasing products with trans fatty acids. Which of the following would
you avoid, since it is the most likely to contain trans fatty acids?
a. mayonnaise
b. avocadoes
c. fully hydrogenated vegetable oil
d. margarine with partially hydrogenated vegetable oil as an ingredient
e. olive oil

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35. Which oil provides the most alpha-linolenic acid?
a. soybean oil
b. corn oil
c. olive oil
d. flaxseed oil
e. coconut oil

36. Which correctly lists the lipoproteins from the least to most dense?
a. HDL, LDL, VLDL, chylomicron
b. chylomicron, VLDL, LDL, HDL
c. VLDL, LDL, chylomicron, HDL
d. VLDL, LDL, HDL, chylomicron
e. HDL, chylomicron, VLDL, LDL

37. Which lipoprotein has the highest protein content?

a. VLDL
b. LDL
c. HDL
d. micelle
e. chylomicron

38. Alpha-linolenic acid can be metabolized in the body

a. into EPA, DHA, and eicosanoids.
b. to be stored as cholesterol.
c. into arachidonic acid and eicosanoids.
d. into long-chain omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids.
e. into bile acids to be stored in the gallbladder.

39. Research studies suggest that low levels of DHA in adults may be associated with
a. increased risk of kidney failure.
b. reduced cognitive function.
c. increased diabetes risk.
d. increased risk of heart disease.
e. all of the above.

40. Which food contains the highest amount of lipids per gram?
a. fatty fish
b. red meat
c. nuts and seeds
d. vegetable oil
e. peanut butter
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41. _____ contribute(s) approximately 35% of the saturated fat to diets of people aged 2 and older in the United
States.
a. Dairy
b. Protein foods
c. Mixed dishes
d. Grains
e. Snacks and sweets

42. Cod liver supplements commonly given to children in the 1930s to prevent a bone disorder are a good
source of
a. DHA.
b. vitamin B12.
c. saturated fat.
d. magnesium.
e. iron.

43. According to the AMDR, what is the maximum amount of fat (in grams) recommended for a 2,000-calorie
diet?

44. Describe how intakes of DHA in early life may impact health.

45. Suggest food substitutions you can make to improve the fat profile for the following meal: cheeseburger,
French fries, and milkshake.

46. Explain the role of HDL cholesterol within the body.

47. Describe the structural difference between triglycerides and phospholipids.

48. The public is confused, or lacks awareness that not all fats are bad. To clarify, name some food sources of
healthy fats, and explain why increasing intake of these fats can be beneficial. Then, name some food sources of
unhealthy fats, and explain why increasing intake of these fats can be detrimental to health.

49. Describe the functions of phospholipids in the body and explain how their unique chemical structure
contributes to these functions.

50. What is the minimum amount of fat (in grams) needed in a 2,000-calorie diet to meet the AMDR
recommendations for fat intake?

51. What advantages does hydrogenation of oils offer to manufacturers? Why has the FDA issued a ban on
adding industrial trans fats to foods in the U.S. food supply?

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Answer Key
1. c

2. b

3. d

4. c

5. c

6. a

7. b

8. c

9. b

10. e

11. a

12. d

13. a

14. b

15. d

16. e

17. b

18. d

19. b

20. d

21. b

22. a

23. b

24. c
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25. e

26. d

27. e

28. b

29. d

30. e

31. b

32. b

33. a

34. d

35. b

36. b

37. c

38. a

39. b

40. d

41. c

42. a

43. The AMDR recommends that lipids make up 20% to 35% of an individual's total daily caloric consumption.
2,000 x 0.35 =700 calories
700 divided by 9 calories/g = 78 g

44. Answers will vary.

45. Answers can vary. One example could include a salmon burger, salad with olive oil, and yogurt with fruit.

46. HDL cholesterol picks up excess cholesterol from the body's cells and returns it to the liver for recycling or
excretion.

47. Triglycerides have three fatty acids bonded to a glycerol backbone, whereas phospholipids have two fatty
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Test Bank for Nutrition For A Changing World, 2nd Edition, Jamie Pope, Steven Nizielski

Name: Class: Date:

chapter 5
acids and a phosphate group bonded to a glycerol backbone.

48. Answers will vary.

49. Answers will vary.

50. The AMDR recommends that lipids make up 20% to 35% of an individual's total daily caloric consumption.
2,000 x 0.20 =400 calories
400 divided by 9 calories/g = 44 g

51. Answers will vary.

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