POLYGONS and OTHER RELATED TERMS

The word “polygon” comes from the Greek words “poly”, which means
“many”, and “gon,” which means “angles.”
A polygon is a closed plane figure formed by three or more segments such
that each segment intersects exactly two others only at the vertices, one of each
endpoint, and no two segments with common endpoints are collinear.
Each line segment is called the SIDE OF THE POLYGON and each
endpoint where the sides meet is called the VERTEX OF THE POLYGON.
Polygons are named by writing their consecutive vertices in order.
ABCDE or AEDCB or CDEAB or CBAED
X

Polygon ABCDE or Polygon XYZ or

Polygon AEDCB or Polygon XZY or
Polygon CDEAB or Polygon ZYX or
Polygon CBAED Polygon YXZ

EXAMPLES OF POLYGON

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 CLASSIFYING AND NAMING POLYGONS
ACCORDING TO NUMBER OF SIDES

P N

A T

Terms and its definitions Illustrations (Use the above

figure)
Sides ̅̅̅̅
𝑃𝐴 , ̅̅̅̅
𝑃𝐸
̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝑁, ̅̅̅̅
𝑁𝑇
̅̅̅̅
𝑇𝐴
Angles ∠A,∠P
∠N, ∠T
and ∠ E
Vertices 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑃,
𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝐸 ,
𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑁,
𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑇,
And 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝐴
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 Two sides of a polygon that share ̅̅̅̅ and 𝑃𝐸
𝑃𝐴 ̅̅̅̅ are consecutive sides.
a common endpoint are called ̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝑁 and ̅̅̅̅
𝑁𝑇 are consecutive sides.
consecutives sides.
Two angles whose vertices are ∠ A and ∠ P are consecutive
endpoints of the same side are angles.
called consecutive angles ∠N and ∠T are consecutive
angles.
The common side of two ̅̅̅̅ is the included side of ∠P and
𝑃𝐸
consecutive angles is called ∠E
included side of the two angles. ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝑇 is the included side of ∠A and
∠T
The angle whose vertex is the ∠P is the included angle of ̅̅̅̅
𝑃𝐴
common endpoint of the two and ̅̅̅̅
𝑃𝐸 .
consecutive sides is called the ∠N is the included angle of 𝑁𝐴̅̅̅̅
included angle of the two sides. and ̅̅̅̅ 𝑁𝑇.
A segment joining two ̅̅̅̅ is one of the diagonals of
𝐸𝑇
nonconsecutive vertices is called a polygon PENTA.
diagonal of the polygon.

Given above are two sets of polygons, either Convex polygon or non-
convex(Concave) Polygon.
Set A are CONVEX POLYGONS.
A polygon is convex if a line containing its side or its extended side
does not cross the interior of the polygon.
A polygon is convex if no diagonal is in the exterior of the polygon.
Any shape that has a curved surface and is also closed is defined as
convex. The surfaces of the convex shape or object seem to project outward

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 REGULAR POLYGON
Terms and its definition Illustrations
A polygon is
EQUILATERAL if all
the sides have equal
length.
A polygon is
EQUIANGULAR if all
the angles have equal
measure.

A REGULAR
POLYGON is both
equilateral and
equiangular.
Some regular polygons
have special names:
a four-sided regular
polygon- SQUARE
a three-sided regular
polygon-
EQUILATERAL
TRIANGLE

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 ANGLE
An angle is formed by two noncollinear rays with a common endpoint.
The common endpoint is called the vertex. The two rays are called the sides
of the angle. The symbol for an angle is ∠. An angle can be named in three
ways, that is, by using (1) the number assigned to the angle, (2) its vertex,
or (3) its vertex and two other points, one from each side of the angle.

Point B is the vertex.

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ are the sides of the Angle
𝐵𝐴 and 𝐵𝐶
The angle is named as ∠ 1 or ∠B or
∠ABC or ∠CBA.

Kinds of Angles
TERMS AND ITS ILLUSTRATIONS NOTATION
DESCRIPTION
Right Angle
A right angle is an
angle that measures m∠a =90⁰
exactly 90⁰. (measure of angle a is
a 90⁰)

Acute Angle
An acute angle is 0 < m∠b <90⁰
an angle that measures (The measure of angle b
less than 90⁰. b is greater than 0 but less
than 90⁰)
Obtuse Angle
An obtuse angle is 9⁰0 < m∠c < 180⁰
an angle that measures c (the measure of angle c
more than 90⁰ but less is greater than 90⁰ but
than 180⁰. less than 180⁰)

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Illustrative Examples

NAME OF MEASURE KIND OF

ANGLE OF ANGLE ANGLE
∠CIA 45⁰ Acute Angle
∠AIN 45⁰ Acute Angle
∠CIN 90⁰ Right Angle

NAME OF MEASURE KIND OF

ANGLE OF ANGLE ANGLE
∠KAY 30⁰ Acute Angle
∠EAY 25⁰ Acute Angle
∠KAE 55⁰ Acute Angle
Angle Pairs
TERMS ILLUSTRATIONS IF-THEN FORMS
Adjacent Angles ∠ABD and ∠CBD
- are angles on the are adjacent angles.
same plane that have Point B is the
a common side and a common vertex.
common vertex but ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐵𝐷 is the common
no common interior side.
points.
Complementary ∠FEG and ∠DEG
Angles are adjacent
- are two angles complementary
whose measures angles.
have a sum of 90⁰. ∠FEG +∠DEG= 90⁰
60⁰ + 30⁰ = 90⁰

∠TUV and ∠ZYX are

nonadjacent
complementary
angles.
∠TUV + ∠ZYX = 90⁰
45⁰ + 45⁰ = 90⁰
Supplementary ∠MNO and ∠PNO
Angles are adjacent
- are two angles supplementary
whose measures angles.
have a sum of 180⁰. ∠MNO+∠PNO=180⁰
135⁰ + 45⁰ = 180⁰

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 ∠ABC and ∠RST
are nonadjacent
supplementary
angles.
∠ABC+∠RST = 180⁰
60⁰ + 120⁰ = 180⁰
Linear Pair ∠VXY and ∠ZXY are
- consists of two both adjacent and
adjacent angles supplementary.
whose noncommon ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑋𝑉 and ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑋𝑍 are
sides are opposite opposite rays.
rays. They are both Therefore, ∠VXY
adjacent and and ∠ZXY are linear
supplementary pair.
angles.
Vertical Angles ∠1 and ∠3,
- are two nonadjacent ∠2 and ∠4 are
angles formed by two vertical angles.
intersecting lines. ∠1 =̃ ∠3
Vertical Angles are ∠2 =̃ ∠4
Congruent.

Illustrative Example

Name each indicated angle Pair Answer

1. Complementary Angles ∠1 and ∠2
2. Supplementary Angles ∠4 and ∠5
3. Vertical Angles ∠1 and ∠4
4. Adjacent Angles ∠1 and ∠2, ∠1 and ∠5, ∠2 and
∠3, ∠3 and ∠4, and ∠4 and ∠5
5. Linear Pairs ∠4 and ∠5
Using the same figure above, solve the following problem:
1. If ∠1 and ∠2 are complementary angles and ∠1 measures 64⁰, what is the
measurement of ∠2? ∠1 + ∠2 = 90⁰
64⁰ + ∠2 = 90⁰
∠2 = 90⁰ - 64⁰
Ans. ∠2 = 26⁰

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 2. If ∠1 and ∠4 are vertical angles and ∠1 measures 64⁰, what is the
measurement of ∠4? Ans. ∠1 =̃ ∠4. If ∠1 is 64⁰ therefore ∠4 = 64⁰

3. If ∠4 and ∠5 are linear pairs and ∠4 is 64⁰, what is the measurement of ∠5?
∠4 and ∠5 are also supplementary angles.
∠4 + ∠5 =180⁰
64⁰ + ∠5 = 180⁰
∠5 = 180⁰ - 64⁰
Ans. ∠5 = 116⁰
Another Example:
Find the measure of angle TIK.
T H Solution:
∠TIK and ∠KIN are linear pair (both
adjacent and supplementary)
9x + 20 I Therefore, ∠TIK + ∠KIN = 180⁰
(9x + 20) + (6x + 10) = 180⁰
6x + 10
15x + 30 = 180⁰
K N 15x = 150⁰
x = 10

Substitute the value of x on ∠TIK = 9x + 20.

∠TIK = 9(10)+ 20
∠TIK = 90 + 20
∠TIK = 110⁰