CEB4313 – PROCESS INTEGRATION

HEAT INTEGRATION TARGETING

TECHNIQUES

Grand Composite Curve

Multiple Utilities Targeting

erniza.rozali@utp.edu.my
 Heat Integration
Targeting so far :
• Composite Curves
• Problem Table Algorithm

This allows targeting for ONE hot and ONE cold utility.
BUT
What about when multiple utilities are available?
How to choose the best mix?

The Grand Composite Curve

 Utilities Available on a Site
Boiler House and Power Plant Fuel
Fuel HP
Power Power
Steam MP Steam Gas
Levels turbine turbine
LP

BFW
preheat Heating Heating Heating Heating
Heating
(Q+W)
Processes, building complexes
Heating Heat
pump
Cooling Cooling Power
Cooling (Q) (W)
Furnace Refrigeration
Air
Fuel Power
preheat Heating
 The Heat Cascade
Interval Stream
∆Hinterval Tinterval
Temperature Population
°C kW
160 3 Qhmin = 65
30.0 30
150 95
-5.0 -5
145 90
CP = 4

-15.0
CP = 3
-15
140 4
75
-75.0 -75
90
CP = 2

2
0
100.0 100
CP = 1.5

50 100
-10.0 -10
30 1 90
15.0 15
20 QCmin = 105
Grand Composite Curve (GCC)
Tinterval
Qhmin = 65 160
30
95
-5
90
-15 140
75

-75 120

100

0 T* (˚C)
80
100

60

100
-10 40

90
15
20
QCmin = 105 H (kW)
Grand Composite Curve (GCC)
Hot streams
QH,min

Cold streams

‘Pockets’ of heat
recovery

QC,min
Grand Composite Curve (GCC)
QH,min

Heat
Sink

Heat
Source
QC,min
 Utility placement

Why not?
Or?

LP
VLP
Utility placement

The Grand Composite gives

the Hot and Cold Utility
requirements of the process
both in ENTHALPY AND
TEMPERATURE
 Utility placement
Various options
T*
MP, 65 kW
160oC

Available utilities:
- High Pressure Steam (HP) at 250oC
- Medium Pressure Steam (MP) at 180oC
- Low Pressure Steam (LP) at 150oC
90oC - Very Low Pressure Steam (VLP) at
130oC
- Cooling water (CW) at 30 – 40oC
- Chilled water (CH) at 5 – 10oC

20oC
CH, 105 kW
H
 Utility placement
Various options

T*
160oC
LP, 65 kW
Available utilities:
- HP steam at 250oC
- MP steam at 180oC
- LP steam at 150oC
- VLP steam at 130oC
- CW at 30 – 40oC 90oC
- CH at 5 – 10oC

CW, 90 kW
20oC
CH, 15 kW
H H
 Utility placement
Various options

T*
160oC
LP, 20 kW
Available utilities:
- HP steam at 250oC VLP, 45 kW
- MP steam at 180oC
- LP steam at 150oC
- VLP steam at 130oC
- CW at 30 – 40oC 90oC
- CH at 5 – 10oC

CW, 90 kW

20oC
CH, 15 kW
H
Hot oil circuits

Treturn
Tin Process
Tsupply Tout Duty

T
Tsup
Tret Tout
Tin

Q H
H
 Hot oil circuits
T*
290°
The hot oil utility is T supply= 300°
NOT isothermal.

The return
temperature can ∆Tmin = 20°
be adjusted and
limited only by the
pinch
T return= 130°
Pinch
120°

H
 Hot oil circuits
T* T*
290° 290°
T supply= 300°

∆Tmin = 20°

T return= 130°
Pinch Pinch
120° 120°
≈ H
≈
H
 Flue gas

TTFT = theoretical flame temperature

T0 = ambient temperature
 Refrigeration
T*

Place refrigeration
levels like steam
levels
CW

-5°C

-40°C

-70°C H
Generate Steam Below Pinch
T*
≈

Pinch
180°

140°
Steam
100°

60°
Cooling
Water
20°

≈ QC,min

H
0 20 40 60 80 100
GCC and Utilities Placement
Working Session 3

ΔTmin = 40 °C
Stream No. Supply Target Heat
and type temperature temperature capacity
Ts (°C) Tt (°C) flowrate CP
( kW/°C)
1 hot 450 60 60
2 hot 320 65 20
3 cold 100 500 40
4 cold 50 350 55

Utililites available:

Steam Tin= 260°C, Tout= 260°C

Cooling water Tin= 10°C, Tout= 20°C
Flue gas Tin= 770 °C
 GCC and Utilities Placement
Working Session 3
(Please bring your own graph paper)

TASKS

1. Plot the Grand Composite Curve

2. Place utilities against the Grand Composite Curve to

minimise the use of higher temperature heating utilities and
lower temperature cooling utilities. Determine the minimum
CP of the flue gas.

3. Determine the cost of the utilities if the prices of utilities are:

steam = 0.056 RM/kWh; flue gas = 1.85 RM/kWh;
CW = 0.23 RM/kWh and the yearly working hour is
8500 hours.
GCC and Utilities Placement
Working Session 3
SCPH
Interval Stream ∆TINTERVAL ∆HINTERVAL Surplus/
-SCPC
Temperature Population (°C) (kW) Deficit
(kW/°C)

CP= 40
520 °C
1 90 -40 -3600 Deficit
430 °C
60 20 1200 Surplus
370 °C CP= 55

2 70 -35 -2450 Deficit

300 °C
180 -15 -2700 Deficit
120 °C
3 50 25 1250 Surplus
70° C
4 25 80 2000 Surplus
45 °C
CP= 20 5 60 300 Surplus
40 °C
CP= 60
 GCC and Utilities Placement
Working Session 3
Infeasible cascade Feasible cascade
T1*= 520 °C 0 T1*= 520 °C +7,550
-3,600 -3,600
T2*= 430 °C -3,600 T2*= 430 °C +3,950
1,200 1,200
T3*= 370 °C -2,400 T3*= 370 °C +5,150
-2,450 -2,450
T4*= 300 °C -4,850 T4*= 300 °C +2,700
-2,700 -2,700
T5*= 120 °C -7,550 T5*= 120 °C 0 PINCH
1,250 1,250
T6*= 70 °C -6,300 T6*= 70 °C +1,250
2,000 2,000
T7*= 45 °C -4,300 T7*= 45 °C +3,250
300 300
T8*= 40 °C -4,000 T *= 40 °C +3,550
 GCC and Utilities Placement
Working Session 3

T* 600

500

400

300 Pocket

200

100

0 H
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000
GCC and Utilities Placement
Working Session 3

T*
750 Flue gas H=5,750 kW
CP=11.27 kW/ °C
600

450

Steam H= 1,800 kW

300 T*= 240°C

T*=240 °C
150

CW H=3550 kW
0
0 2000 4000 6000 H