Test Bank For Systems Analysis and Design 8th Edition Shelly

Test Bank for Systems Analysis and Design, 8th Edition: Shelly
Test Bank for Systems Analysis and Design, 8th

Edition: Shelly
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Chapter 6 – Object Modeling
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. ____ is a widely used method of visualizing and documenting an information system.

a. UML c. UNIX
b. Java d. DFD
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 250
2. An object has certain ____, like the make, model, and color of a car.
a. keys c. indices
b. attributes d. packets
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 250
3. An object’s ____ are the tasks or functions the object performs.

a. messages c. instances
b. commands d. methods
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 250
4. Your car performs a(n) ____ called OPERATE WIPERS when you send a message by moving the
proper control.
a. method c. command
b. instance d. objective
5. A(n) ____ represents a real person, place, event, or transaction.

a. object c. command
b. instance d. method
6. ____ are characteristics that describe the object.

a. Indices c. Packets
b. Attributes d. Keys
7. A(n) ____ is a group of similar objects.

a. aggregate c. class
b. concatenation d. packet
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 251
8. A(n) ____ is a specific member of a class.

a. key c. lifeline
b. index d. instance
9. Your red Mustang is a(n) ____ of the CAR class.

a. index c. metric
b. key d. instance
10. The UML represents an object as a(n) ____ with the object name at the top, followed by the object’s
attributes and methods.
a. circle c. triangle
b. rectangle d. oval
11. The number of ____ needed to describe an object depends on the business requirements of the
information system and its users.
a. attributes c. indices
b. packets d. keys
12. If ____ are similar to adjectives that describe the characteristics of an object, objects are similar to
nouns.
a. packets c. indices
b. attributes d. keys
13. In an object-oriented system, objects can ____ certain attributes from other objects.
a. relate c. inherit
b. concatenate d. reformat
14. The ____ of an object is an adjective that describes the object’s current status.
a. polymorphism c. resemblance
b. encapsulation d. state
15. Objects can have a specific attribute called a(n) ____, which describes the object’s current status.
a. state c. instance
b. cycle d. status
16. A(n) ____ defines specific tasks that an object can perform.
a. attribute c. command
b. method d. message
17. ____ resemble verbs that describe what and how an object does something.
a. Methods c. Messages
b. Commands d. Attributes
18. A ____ is a command that tells an object to perform a certain method.

a. dictum c. statement
b. message d. baseline
19. The concept that a message gives different meanings to different objects is called ____.
a. encapsulation c. polymorphism
b. dynamic addressing d. linear addressing
20. A major advantage of O-O designs is that systems analysts can save time and avoid errors by using
____ objects.
a. dynamic c. modular
b. feasible d. linear
21. ____ allows objects to be used as modular components anywhere in the system.
a. Dynamic addressing c. Encapsulation
b. Technical feasibility d. Linear addressing
22. As shown in the accompanying figure, objects within a class can be grouped into ____, which are
more specific categories within a class.
a. schedules c. subclasses
b. units d. clusters
23. An object belongs to a group or category called a(n) ____.

a. catalog c. index
b. roster d. class
24. All objects within a(n) ____ share common attributes and methods.
a. catalog c. index
b. roster d. class
25. A class can belong to a more general category called a ____.
a. superclass c. subclass
b. roster d. catalog
26. ____ enable objects to communicate and interact as they perform business functions and transactions
required by the system.
a. Aggregates c. Clusters
b. Relationships d. Linkages
27. ____ describe what objects need to know about each other, how objects respond to changes in other
objects, and the effects of membership in classes, superclasses, and subclasses.
a. Aggregates c. Clusters
b. Relationships d. Linkages
28. ____ enables an object to derive one or more of its attributes from another object.
a. Concatenation c. Inheritance
b. Encapsulation d. Polymorphism
29. Inheritance enables a ____ to derive one or more of its attributes from a parent.
a. child c. package
b. user d. class
30. An object ____ diagram shows the objects and how they interact to perform business functions and
transactions.
a. relationship c. antecedent
b. precedent d. parent
31. In a use case, an external entity is called a(n) ____.

a. benefit c. domain
b. cost d. actor
32. The UML symbol for a use case is a(n) ____ with a label that describes the action or event.
a. rectangle c. dashed line
b. triangle d. oval
33. The line from the actor to a use case is called a(n) ____.
a. association c. lifeline
b. highlight d. linkage
34. A use case ____ is a visual summary of several related use cases within a system or subsystem.
a. description c. schematic
b. diagram d. outline
35. When you create a use case diagram, the first step is to identify the system boundary, which is
represented by a ____.
a. triangle c. rectangle
b. circle d. square
36. In a class diagram, each class appears as a(n) ____, with the class name at the top, followed by the
class’s attributes and methods.
a. rectangle c. oval
b. circle d. triangle
37. When you construct a ____, you review the use case and identify the classes that participate in the
underlying business transaction.
a. class diagram c. use case schematic
b. sequence diagram d. DFD
38. The UML notation ____ identifies a zero or many relation.

a. 0..1 c. 0..*
b. 1..* d. 0..0
39. Sequence diagrams include symbols that represent all of the following EXCEPT ____.
a. classes c. lifelines
b. indices d. messages
40. In a sequence diagram, a lifeline is identified by a(n) ____ line.

a. solid c. red
b. dashed d. curved
MULTIPLE RESPONSE
Modified Multiple Choice
1. Which of the following is an attribute of a car?

a. make c. parking
b. model d. color
ANS: A, B, D PTS: 1 REF: 250
2. The UML uses a set of symbols to represent graphically the ____ within a system.
a. feasibility c. components
b. summaries d. relationships
ANS: C, D PTS: 1 REF: 259
3. A use case description documents (among other things) ____.

a. a description of alternative courses of action
b. postconditions
c. preconditions
d. assumptions
ANS: A, B, C, D PTS: 1 REF: 260
4. In structured analysis, ____ are transformed into data structures and program code.
a. processes c. entities
b. data stores d. TCOs
ANS: A, B, C PTS: 1 REF: 262
5. A sequence diagram ____.

a. is a dynamic model of a use case
b. is like a blueprint for all the objects within a class
c. is another term for a state transition diagram
d. shows the interaction among classes during a specified time period
ANS: A, D PTS: 1 REF: 264
MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE
1. A method is like a blueprint, or template, for all the objects within a class.
_________________________
ANS: F, class
PTS: 1 REF: 256
2. A class can belong to a more general category called a subclass. _________________________
ANS: F, superclass
PTS: 1 REF: 257
3. In a sequence diagram, a lifeline is identified by a line showing direction that runs between two
objects. _________________________
ANS: F, message
PTS: 1 REF: 264
4. In a state transition diagram, the circle at the right with a hollow border is the initial state.
_________________________
ANS: F, final
PTS: 1 REF: 265
5. After you identify a system’s objects, classes, and relationships, you should develop a(n) object
relationship diagram that provides an overview of the system. _________________________
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 267
TRUE/FALSE
1. An object treats data and processes separately.
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 250
2. Customer objects can perform specific tasks, such as placing an order or paying a bill.
3. Some objects might have a few attributes; others might have dozens.
4. Just as objects are similar to adjectives, attributes resemble verbs that describe what and how an object
does something.
5. System analysts define an object’s attributes during the systems design process.
6. The same message to two different objects produces the same results.
7. A gas pump is an example of a black box.
8. By limiting access to internal processes, an object prevents its internal code from being altered by
another object or process.
9. A major advantage of O-O designs is that systems analysts can save time and avoid errors by using
modular objects.
10. All relationships have equal weight; none is stronger than any other.

11. After you identify the objects, classes, and relationships, you are ready to prepare an object
relationship diagram that will provide an overview of the system.
12. When you create an object relationship diagram, it will serve as a guide as you continue to develop
additional diagrams and documentation.
13. Use cases cannot interact with other use cases.
14. When the outcome of one use case is incorporated by another use case, we say the second use case
uses the first case.
15. To create use cases, you start by reviewing the information that you gathered during the requirements
modeling phase.
16. When you identify use cases, it is important to keep all related transactions separate.
17. Unlike a DFD, a class diagram is a logical model, which evolves into a physical model and finally
becomes a functioning information system.
18. Class diagrams evolve into code modules, data objects, and other system components.
19. In a sequence diagram, classes that send or receive messages are shown at the bottom of the diagram.
20. In a sequence diagram, a message is identified by a narrow vertical shape that covers the lifeline.
21. In a state transition diagram, the states appear as rounded rectangles with the state names inside.
22. In a state transition diagram, the circle to the left is the final state.
23. A class diagram resembles a horizontal flowchart that shows the actions and events as they occur.
24. Sequence diagrams, state transition diagrams, and activity diagrams are dynamic modeling tools that
can help a systems analyst understand how objects behave and interact with the system.
25. If you do not use a CASE-generated model, it is not necessary that a diagram or object definition be
supported by documentation.
COMPLETION
1. You can view an object as a(n) ____________________, because a message to the object triggers
changes within the object without specifying how the changes must be carried out.
ANS: black box
PTS: 1 REF: 256
2. The black box concept is an example of ____________________, which means that all data and
methods are self-contained.
ANS: encapsulation
PTS: 1 REF: 256
3. Object-oriented designs typically are implemented with ____________________ programming

languages.
ANS: object-oriented
PTS: 1 REF: 256
4. A(n) ____________________ represents the steps in a specific business function or process.
ANS: use case
PTS: 1 REF: 259
5. In a use case, the ____________________ is shown as a stick figure.
ANS: actor
PTS: 1 REF: 259
6. With a(n) ____________________, the objective is to identify the actors and the functions or
transactions they initiate.
ANS: use case

PTS: 1 REF: 260
7. For each use case, you develop a use case ____________________ in the form of a table that
documents the name of the use case, the actor, a description of the use case, and so forth.
ANS: description
PTS: 1 REF: 260
8. As shown in the accompanying figure, the system ____________________ shows what is included in
the system (inside the rectangle) and what is not included in the system (outside the rectangle).
ANS: boundary
PTS: 1 REF: 262
9. A(n) ____________________ shows the object classes and relationships involved in a use case.
ANS: class diagram
PTS: 1 REF: 262

10. In a class diagram, the class is listed with the class name at the top, followed by the class’s attributes
and ____________________.
ANS: methods
PTS: 1 REF: 262
11. ____________________ describes how instances of one class relate to instances of another class.
ANS: Cardinality
PTS: 1 REF: 263
12. A(n) ____________________ diagram graphically documents the use case by showing the classes, the
messages, and the timing of the messages.
ANS: sequence
PTS: 1 REF: 264
13. In a sequence diagram, a(n) ____________________ is identified by a rectangle with the name inside.
ANS: class
PTS: 1 REF: 264
14. In a sequence diagram, a(n) ____________________ represents the time during which the object
above it is able to interact with the other objects in the use case.
ANS: lifeline
PTS: 1 REF: 264
15. In a sequence diagram, a(n) ____________________ is identified by a line showing direction that runs
between two objects.
ANS: message
PTS: 1 REF: 264
16. The ____________________ indicates when an object sends or receives a message.
ANS: focus
PTS: 1 REF: 265
17. A(n) ____________________ diagram shows how an object changes from one state to another,
depending on events that affect the object.
ANS: state transition
PTS: 1 REF: 265

18. A(n) ____________________ resembles a horizontal flowchart that shows the actions and events as
they occur.
ANS: activity diagram
PTS: 1 REF: 266
19. ____________________ can display multiple use cases in the form of a grid, where classes are shown
as vertical bars and actions appear as horizontal arrows.
ANS: Activity diagrams
PTS: 1 REF: 266
20. Systems analysts rely on ____________________ tools to speed up the process of creating object
models and provide an overall framework for documenting the system components.
ANS: CASE
PTS: 1 REF: 266
MATCHING
Identify the letter of the choice that best matches the phrase or definition.
a. class diagram f. activity diagram
b. CASE tools g. object modeling
c. lifeline h. black box
d. object relationship diagram i. UML
e. state transition diagram j. system boundary
1. Does not want or need outside interference.
2. Shows objects and how they interact to perform business functions and transactions.
3. This is mainly used to support O-O system analysis and to develop object models.
4. After you identify this, you place the use cases on the diagram, add the actors, and show the
relationships.
5. In this, lines show relationships between classes and have labels identifying the action that relates the
two classes.
6. In a sequence diagram, an X marks the end of this.
7. In this, reading from left to right, the lines show direction and describe the action or event that causes a
transition from one state to another.
8. Shows the order in which the actions take place and identify the outcomes.
9. Ensure consistency and provide common links so that once objects are described and used in one part
of the design, they can be reused multiple times without further effort.
10. Requires many types of diagrams to represent the proposed system.
1. ANS: H PTS: 1 REF: 256

2. ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 258
3. ANS: I PTS: 1 REF: 259
4. ANS: J PTS: 1 REF: 262
5. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 262
6. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 264
7. ANS: E PTS: 1 REF: 265
8. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 266
9. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 266
10. ANS: G PTS: 1 REF: 266
ESSAY
1. Explain what a message is, using examples to demonstrate your understanding, and use the terms black
box and encapsulation in your response.
ANS:
A message is a command that tells an object to perform a certain method. For example, the message
ADD STUDENT directs the STUDENT class to add a STUDENT instance. The STUDENT class
understands that it should add the student number, name, and other data about that student. Similarly, a
message named DELETE STUDENT tells the STUDENT class to delete a STUDENT instance.
The same message to two different objects can produce different results. The concept that a message
gives different meanings to different objects is called polymorphism. For example, the message
GOOD NIGHT signals the PARENT object to read a bedtime story, but the same message to the DOG
object tells the dog to sleep. The GOOD NIGHT message to the CHILD object signals it to get ready
for bed.
You can view an object as a black box, because a message to the object triggers changes within the
object without specifying how the changes must be carried out. A gas pump is an example of a black
box. When you select the economy grade at a pump, you do not need to think about how the pump
determines the correct price and selects the right fuel, as long as it does so properly.
The black box concept is an example of encapsulation, which means that all data and methods are
self-contained. A black box does not want or need outside interference. By limiting access to internal
processes, an object prevents its internal code from being altered by another object or process.
Encapsulation allows objects to be used as modular components anywhere in the system, because
objects send and receive messages but do not alter the internal methods of other objects.
Object-oriented designs typically are implemented with object-oriented programming languages. A

major advantage of O-O designs is that systems analysts can save time and avoid errors by using
modular objects, and programmers can translate the designs into code, working with reusable program
modules that have been tested and verified.
PTS: 1 REF: 255-256 TOP: Critical Thinking
2. What do relationships enable objects to do? What is the strongest kind of relationship? Walk through
an example that demonstrates your understanding of the concept.
ANS:
Relationships enable objects to communicate and interact as they perform business functions and
transactions required by the system. Relationships describe what objects need to know about each
other, how objects respond to changes in other objects, and the effects of membership in classes,
superclasses, and subclasses. Some relationships are stronger than others (just as a relationship
between family members is stronger than one between casual acquaintances). The strongest
relationship is called inheritance. Inheritance enables an object, called a child, to derive one or more of
its attributes from another object, called a parent. As one example, the INSTRUCTOR object (child)
inherits many traits from the EMPLOYEE object (parent), including SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBER,
TELEPHONE NUMBER, and HIRE DATE. The INSTRUCTOR object also can possess additional
attributes, such as TYPE OF INSTRUCTOR. Because all employees share certain attributes, those
attributes are assumed through inheritance and do not need to be repeated in the INSTRUCTOR
object.
PTS: 1 REF: 258 TOP: Critical Thinking
3. Explain what a class diagram is and in your answer, be sure to explain how a class diagram is like a
DFD.
ANS:
A class diagram shows the object classes and relationships involved in a use case. Like a DFD, a class
diagram is a logical model, which evolves into a physical model and finally becomes a functioning
information system. In structured analysis, entities, data stores, and processes are transformed into data
structures and program code. Similarly, class diagrams evolve into code modules, data objects, and
other system components.
In a class diagram, each class appears as a rectangle, with the class name at the top, followed by the
class’s attributes and methods. Lines show relationships between classes and have labels identifying
the action that relates the two classes. To create a class diagram, you review the use case and identify
the classes that participate in the underlying business transaction.
CASE
Critical Thinking Questions

Case 6-1
Alex is getting a little confused by the terminology in the object-oriented world, so he consults his
roommate, who has been doing a lot of work in object modeling in previous coursework.
1. Which of the following does Alex's roommate use as an example of an instance of the APPLIANCE
class?
a. heat food
b. kitchen
c. refrigeration
d. microwave oven
ANS:
D

Test Bank for Systems Analysis and Design, 8th Edition: Shelly
2. The following examples — bake cakes, self-clean, and reheat pasta — are all what with regard to the
oven object, according to Alex's roommate?
a. classes
b. methods
c. messages
d. instances
ANS:
B
Critical Thinking Questions

Case 6-2
Jaime, the newest analyst at Novel Systems Worldwide, is responsible for assigning the appropriate
UML notations to a given class diagram.
3. In a given diagram, Jaime is marking up a relationship in which a given employee can have no payroll
deductions or she can have many deductions. Which of the following notations will Jaime write to
mark this relationship?
a. 0..1
b. 1
c. 0..*
d. 1..*
ANS:
C
4. Jaime has just written the following UML notation on the class diagram: 0..1. Which of the following
relationships corresponds to what he has just noted?
a. An employee can have no direct reports or many direct reports.
b. An employee can have no spouse or one spouse.
c. An office manager manages one and only one office.
d. One order can include one or many items ordered.
ANS:
B
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Test Bank for Systems Analysis and Design, 8th Edition: Shelly

Test Bank for Systems Analysis and Design, 8th

To download the complete and accurate content document, go to:

Visit TestBankBell.com to get complete for all chapters

1. ____ is a widely used method of visualizing and documenting an information system.

3. An object’s ____ are the tasks or functions the object performs.

5. A(n) ____ represents a real person, place, event, or transaction.

6. ____ are characteristics that describe the object.

7. A(n) ____ is a group of similar objects.

8. A(n) ____ is a specific member of a class.

9. Your red Mustang is a(n) ____ of the CAR class.

18. A ____ is a command that tells an object to perform a certain method.

23. An object belongs to a group or category called a(n) ____.

31. In a use case, an external entity is called a(n) ____.

38. The UML notation ____ identifies a zero or many relation.

40. In a sequence diagram, a lifeline is identified by a(n) ____ line.

Modified Multiple Choice

1. Which of the following is an attribute of a car?

3. A use case description documents (among other things) ____.

5. A sequence diagram ____.

PTS: 1 REF: 256

2. A class can belong to a more general category called a subclass. _________________________

PTS: 1 REF: 257

PTS: 1 REF: 264

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 267

1. An object treats data and processes separately.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 250

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 250

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 254

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 254

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 254

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 255

7. A gas pump is an example of a black box.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 256

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 256

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 256

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 258

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 258

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 258

13. Use cases cannot interact with other use cases.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 259

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 259

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 260

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 261

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 262

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 262

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 264

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 265

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 265

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 265

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 266

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 267

ANS: black box

PTS: 1 REF: 256

PTS: 1 REF: 256

3. Object-oriented designs typically are implemented with ____________________ programming

PTS: 1 REF: 256

4. A(n) ____________________ represents the steps in a specific business function or process.