Test Bank for Talaro’s Foundations in Microbiology, 11th Edition, Barry Chess

Test Bank for Talaro’s Foundations in

Microbiology, 11th Edition, Barry Chess

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Student name:__________
TRUE/FALSE - Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.
1) Phosphorus is one of the major elements needed in larger quantities by microorganisms.

⊚ true
⊚ false

2) Most microorganisms on Earth can only live and survive in habitats that are similar to
human body conditions.

⊚ true
⊚ false

3) Inorganic nitrogen must be converted to ammonium to be used by a cell.

⊚ true
⊚ false

4) Whether an organism is an autotroph or heterotroph depends on its source of nitrogen.

⊚ true
⊚ false

5) Whether an organism is a phototroph or a chemotroph depends on its source of energy.

⊚ true
⊚ false

6) Obligate saprobes can adapt to a living host.

⊚ true
⊚ false

7) A saprobe with a cell wall will utilize extracellular digestion.

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 ⊚ true
⊚ false

8) Saprobes do not need a carbon source for growth and metabolism.

⊚ true
⊚ false

9) Chemoautotrophs use inorganic nutrients for carbon and energy sources.

⊚ true
⊚ false

10) Facilitated diffusion and active transport require a carrier protein to mediate the
movement across the plasma membrane.

⊚ true
⊚ false

11) In a commensal relationship, the commensal benefits but the cohabitant is neither harmed
nor benefited.

⊚ true
⊚ false

12) Anaerobes can be cultured in a CO 2 richenvironment, as long as O 2 gas is excluded.

⊚ true
⊚ false

13) The majority of microbes live and grow in habitats between pH 7 and 9.

⊚ true
⊚ false

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14) Bacteria have an average generation time of 24 hours.

⊚ true
⊚ false

15) The time that it takes for a freshly inoculated agar culture to develop visible colonies is
principally governed by that species' generation time.

⊚ true
⊚ false

16) Transverse binary fission results in four daughter cells from one parent cell.

⊚ true
⊚ false

17) After binary fission, daughter cells will differ genetically.

⊚ true
⊚ false

18) A closed culture system is used to determine a population growth curve.

⊚ true
⊚ false

19) The degree of turbidity in a broth culture correlates to the amount of cell growth.

⊚ true
⊚ false

20) A Coulter counter can count viable cells as well as determine their size.

⊚ true
⊚ false

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21) Bacterial biofilms stimulate the immune system differently than planktonic bacteria.

⊚ true
⊚ false

22) Planktonic bacteria are more susceptible to antibiotics as compared to microorganisms in

a biofilm.

⊚ true
⊚ false

23) The direct cell count, using a flowcytometer, can determine both viable cell numbers and
number of dead cells in the sample.

⊚ true
⊚ false

24) Upon innoculation into a new culture, bacteria cells will immediately start to grow
exponentially.

⊚ true
⊚ false

25) Since one daughter cell is better at replicating than the other daughter cell, binary fission
does not produce a population that doubles with every generation time.

⊚ true
⊚ false

26) Syntrophy and amensalism typically occur between different species of microbes.

⊚ true
⊚ false

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MULTIPLE CHOICE - Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or
answers the question.
27) Why do bacterial cells require calcium?

A) It stabilizes the cell wall.

B) It stabilizes the ribosomes.
C) It stabilizes the nucleoid.
D) It maintains cellular pH.
E) It makes strong bones.

28) Which term refers to a nutrient that is required by a microorganismin large quantities for
use in cell structure and/or metabolism?

A) Element
B) Macronutrient
C) Growth factor
D) Trace element

29) Aerobic respiration is an example of

A) photosynthesis.
B) methanoheterotrophy.
C) photoheterotrophy.
D) chemoheterotrophy.
E) photoautotrophy.

30) What compound has the highest concentration in a cell?

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 A) CO 2
B) CH 4
C) H 2O
D) Glucose
E) NH 3

31) Which of the following is the largest component of the dry weight of a cell?

A) Inorganic compounds
B) Minerals
C) Water
D) Organic compounds
E) Salts

32) Which of the following is not a major element of a microbial cell?

A) Copper
B) Carbon
C) Hydrogen
D) Nitrogen
E) Oxygen

33) An organic nutrient that cannot be synthesized by the organism and must be provided is
called a/an

A) element.
B) macronutrient.
C) water.
D) growth factor.
E) trace element.

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34) Which of the following is an important mineral ion of the cytochrome pigments used in
cellular respiration?

A) Iron
B) Zinc
C) Calcium
D) Magnesium
E) Potassium

35) Which of the following is an important mineral ion that is a component of chloroplasts
and stabilizer of membranes and ribosomes?

A) Iron
B) Zinc
C) Calcium
D) Magnesium
E) Potassium

36) The term heterotroph refers to an organism that

A) uses CO 2 for its carbon source.

B) must obtain organic compounds for its carbon needs.
C) gets energy from sunlight.
D) gets energy by oxidizing inorganic compounds.
E) does not need a carbon source.

37) The term autotroph refers to an organism that

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 A) uses CO 2 for its carbon source.
B) must obtain organic compounds for its carbon needs.
C) gets energy from sunlight.
D) gets energy by oxidizing chemical compounds.
E) does not need a carbon source.

38) Growth factors

A) are inorganic.
B) are synthesized by the organism.
C) contain elemental oxygen.
D) cannot be synthesized by the organism.
E) All of the choices are correct.

39) An organism that uses CO 2 for its carbon needs and sunlight for its energy needs is
called a/an

A) heterotroph.
B) photoautotroph.
C) chemoheterotroph.
D) saprobe.
E) halotroph.

40) The term chemotroph refers to an organism that

A) uses CO 2 for its carbon source.

B) must obtain organic compounds for its carbon needs.
C) gets energy from sunlight.
D) gets energy by oxidizing chemical compounds.
E) does not need a carbon source.

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41) The term phototroph refers to an organism that

A) uses CO 2 for its carbon source.

B) must obtain organic compounds for its carbon needs.
C) gets energy from sunlight.
D) gets energy by oxidizing chemical compounds.
E) does not need a carbon source.

42) The methanogens, producers of methane gas, require environments that

A) have sunlight.
B) are very acidic.
C) have abundant oxygen and CO 2.
D) are extremely cold.
E) are anaerobic with hydrogen gas and CO 2.

43) Organisms that feed on dead organisms for nutrients are called

A) saprobes.
B) parasites.
C) autotrophs.
D) lithoautotrophs.
E) phototrophs.

44) The type of photosynthesis that does not produce oxygen

A) occurs in cyanobacteria.
B) does not require CO 2 as a reactant.
C) occurs in purple and green sulfur bacteria.
D) does not require sunlight.
E) occurs in algae and plants.

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45) Microorganisms require small quantities of this nutrient for enzyme function and
maintenance of protein structure.

A) Element
B) Macronutrient
C) Water
D) Growth factor
E) Trace element

46) Archaea as a group are not pathogens. This is because

A) they evolved without mammals.

B) mammals evolved special defenses against them.
C) mammalian hosts do not meet their environmental requirements.
D) they are out-competed by natural flora.

47) Microorganisms that live in severe habitats, such as very hot, acidic, or salty
environments, are called

A) thermophiles.
B) halophiles.
C) psychrophiles.
D) extremophiles.
E) barophiles.

48) Which of the following terms refers to microorganisms that live in or on the body and
cause harm?

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 A) Mesophiles
B) Thermophiles
C) Commensals
D) Pathogens
E) Halophiles

49) The term facultative refers to

A) the ability to exist in a wide range of conditions.

B) existing in a very narrow niche.
C) using chemicals for energy production.
D) using light for energy production.
E) using oxygen for metabolism.

50) The term obligate refers to

A) the ability to exist in a wide range of conditions.

B) existing in a very narrow niche.
C) using chemicals for energy production.
D) using light for energy production.
E) using oxygen for metabolism.

51) The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of lower
concentration is called

A) facilitated diffusion.
B) diffusion.
C) active transport.
D) osmosis.
E) endocytosis.

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52) Which term refers to the diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane?

A) Facilitated diffusion
B) Diffusion
C) Active transport
D) Osmosis
E) Endocytosis

53) The movement of substances from higher to lower concentration across a semipermeable
membrane that must have a specific protein carrier but no energy expenditure is called

A) facilitated diffusion.
B) diffusion.
C) active transport.
D) osmosis.
E) endocytosis.

54) The movement of substances from lower to higher concentration across a semipermeable
membrane that must have a specific protein carrier and cell expenditure of energy is called

A) facilitated diffusion.
B) diffusion.
C) active transport.
D) osmosis.
E) endocytosis.

55) The use of energy by a cell to enclose a substance in its membrane by forming a vacuole
and engulfing it is called

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 A) facilitated diffusion.
B) diffusion.
C) active transport.
D) osmosis.
E) endocytosis.

56) Bacteria living in a freshwater stream that are moved to salty seawater would

A) now be in a hypotonic solution.

B) gain water as a result of the move.
C) now be in an isotonic solution.
D) shrivel as a result of the move.

57) Which of the following microorganisms would find hypotonic conditions most
detrimental?

A) Bacteria
B) Protozoa
C) Fungi
D) Algae
E) Cyanobacteria

58) Which of the following require the cell to use ATP?

A) Facilitated diffusion
B) Diffusion
C) Endocytosis
D) Osmosis

59) Nutrient absorption is mediated by the

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 A) cell wall.
B) peptidoglycan layer.
C) proteins in the periplasmic space.
D) cell membrane.
E) nuclear membrane.

60) Contractile vacuoles are

A) used to expel excess water from cells.

B) found in bacterial cells.
C) important to certain organisms in hypertonic environments.
D) protein carriers in cell membranes.
E) used to bring solutes into a cell.

61) Facilitated diffusion is limited by

A) ATP concentration.
B) the number of carrier proteins in the membrane.
C) size of the pores in the membrane.
D) osmotic pressure.
E) the size of the cell.

62) When whole cells or large molecules in solution are engulfed by a cell, this endocytosis is
specifically termed

A) pinocytosis.
B) phagocytosis.
C) facilitated transport.
D) facilitated diffusion.
E) exocytosis.

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63) Cultures of a bacterial species were incubated on the shelf of a refrigerator, out on a lab
bench top, on the shelf of a 37°C incubator, and on the shelf of a 50°C incubator. After
incubation, there was no growth at 37°C and 50°C, slight growth out on the bench top, and
abundant growth at refrigeration. What term could be used for this species?

A) Halophile
B) Mesophile
C) Anaerobe
D) Psychrophile
E) Capnophile

64) Cultures of a bacterial species were incubated out on the incubator shelf, in an anaerobic
jar, and in a candle jar. After incubation there was moderate growth of cultures in the candle and
anaerobic jars, but heavy growth of the culture on the incubator shelf. This species is a/an

A) aerobe.
B) anaerobe.
C) facultative anaerobe.
D) microaerophile.
E) capnophile.

65) In __________ conditions, the cell wall will help prevent the cell from bursting.

A) hypertonic
B) hypotonic
C) isotonic
D) mesotonic
E) All of the choices are correct.

66) A microorganism that has an optimum growth temperature of 37°C, but can survive short
exposure to high temperatures is called

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 A) an extremophile.
B) a thermophile.
C) a psychrophile.
D) a facultative psychrophile.
E) thermoduric.

67) An organism that grows slowly in the cold but has an optimum growth temperature of
32°C is called

A) anextremophile.
B) a thermophile.
C) a psychrophile.
D) a facultative psychrophile.
E) thermoduric.

68) An organism with a temperature growth range of 45°C to 60°C would be called

A) an extremophile.
B) a thermophile.
C) a psychrophile.
D) a facultative psychrophile.
E) thermoduric.

69) Which term describes human pathogens?

A) Psychrophiles
B) Thermophiles
C) Halophiles
D) Mesophiles
E) Acidophiles

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70) A microorganism that does not have catalase or superoxide dismutase would find it
difficult to live in an environment with

A) carbon dioxide.
B) oxygen.
C) high salt.
D) temperatures above 37°C.
E) high acidity.

71) All of the following could find a location in or on body tissues suitable for growth
except

A) psychrophiles.
B) anaerobes.
C) facultative anaerobes.
D) mesophiles.
E) capnophiles.

72) A microaerophile

A) grows best in an anaerobic jar.

B) grows with or without oxygen.
C) needs normal atmospheric levels of oxygen.
D) requires a small amount of oxygen but won't grow at normal atmospheric levels.

73) Which two enzymes catalyze the steps converting the toxic superoxide ion to less
harmful oxygen gas?

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 A) Catalase and hydrogen peroxidases
B) Superoxide dismutase and hydrogen peroxidase
C) Superoxide dismutase and catalase
D) Catalase and oxidase
E) Superoxide dismutase and oxidase

74) An organism that can use gaseous oxygen in metabolism and has the enzymes to process
toxic oxygen products is a/an

A) aerobe.
B) obligate aerobe.
C) facultative anaerobe.
D) microaerophile.
E) obligate anaerobe.

75) An organism that can exist in both oxygen and oxygen-free environments is a/an

A) aerobe.
B) obligate aerobe.
C) facultative anaerobe.
D) microaerophile.
E) obligate anaerobe.

76) An organism that cannot tolerate any oxygen gas in its environment is a/an

A) aerobe.
B) obligate aerobe.
C) facultative anaerobe.
D) microaerophile.
E) obligate anaerobe.

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77) An organism that cannot grow without oxygen is a/an

A) aerobe.
B) obligate aerobe.
C) facultative anaerobe.
D) microaerophile.
E) obligate anaerobe.

78) Which location would best support the growth of a barophile?

A) Acid pools
B) Deep oceans
C) Hot geyser springs
D) Arid desert soil
E) Salt lakes

79) Which location would best support the growth of a halophile?

A) Acid pools
B) Freshwater ponds
C) Hot geyser springs
D) Arid desert soil
E) Salt lakes

80) What type of media is used to demonstrate oxygen requirements of microbes?

A) Blood agar
B) Thioglycollate
C) Sulfite polymyxin sulfadiazine
D) Sodium chloride

81) The production of antibiotics is a form of amensalism called

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 A) symbiosis.
B) satellitism.
C) antibiosis.
D) mutualism.
E) synergism.

82) The E. coli that normally live in the human large intestines and produce vitamin K that
the body uses would be best termed a __________ relationship.

A) parasitic
B) saprobic
C) commensal
D) mutualistic

83) When microbes share a habitat, with each providing a nutrient for the other, the
relationship is called

A) syntrophy.
B) satellitism.
C) antibiosis.
D) antagonism.
E) autotrophy.

84) When microbes are in close nutritional relationship and one benefits but the other is not
harmed, it is called

A) symbiosis.
B) satellitism.
C) commensalism.
D) mutualism.
E) synergism.

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85) A change in one partner in a close relationship that leads to a change in the other partner
is

A) symbiosis.
B) coevolution.
C) antibiosis.
D) mutualism.
E) synergism.

86) The time interval from parent cell to two new daughter cells is called the

A) binary fission.
B) growth curve.
C) generation time.
D) death phase.
E) culture time.

87) The phase of the bacterial growth curve during which microbial growth slows and the
rate of multiplication equals the rate of cell death is the

A) lag phase.
B) log phase.
C) stationary phase.
D) death phase.
E) telophase.

88) The phase of the bacterial growth curve in which newly inoculated cells are adjusting to
their new environment, metabolizing but not growing is the

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 A) lag phase.
B) log phase.
C) stationary phase.
D) death phase.
E) prophase.

89) The phase of the bacterial growth curve that shows the maximum rate of cell division is
the

A) lag phase.
B) log phase.
C) stationary phase.
D) death phase.
E) prophase.

90) In the viable plate count method, a measured sample of a culture is evenly spread across
an agar surface and incubated. Each __________ on the agar surface represents one __________
from the sample.

A) cell; cell
B) cell; colony
C) colony; cell
D) species; colony
E) generation; cell

91) When it is important to count the number of cells, determine cell size and differentiate
between dead and live cells a/an __________ is used.

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 A) Coulter counter
B) flow cytometer
C) SEM
D) methylene dye indicator
E) plate count

92) Bacterial endosymbiontshave lost much of their genome and are dependent upon their
aphid hosts for survival. Similarly, the aphids depend on the endosymbiotic bacteria for the
supply of amino acids that they provide. This interdependenceis the result of

A) coevolution.
B) syntrophy.
C) amensalism.
D) microbial antagonism.

93) Cyanobacterialive in aquatic environments and are photosynthetic. The aquatic

environment is their __________ and their role as a primary producer is their __________.

A) habitat; purpose
B) habitat; niche
C) niche; habitat
D) host; function

94) What type of energy is converted to chemical energy in photosynthesis?

A) Heat
B) Light
C) Chemical
D) Organic

95) Diffusion and osmosis are examples of

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 A) active transport.
B) passive transport.
C) extracellular transport.
D) intracellular transport.

96) A recent study identified bacteria in the guts of some Japanese people with specialized
enzymes that metabolize the complex carbohydrates in seaweed. The researchers hypothesize
that these bacteria thrive in the guts of individuals who consume a diet composed highly of
seaweed, and help their hosts break down the seaweed better. This relationship is an example of

A) parasitism.
B) commensalism.
C) predation.
D) coevolution.

97) You identify a new microbial species in an acid pool. In the laboratory, you cannot
culture the organism in your pH 7 media. You correctly classify the species as a/an

A) facultative acidophile.
B) obligate acidophile.
C) facultative alkalinophile.
D) obligate alkalinophile.

98) All of the following are organic sources of nitrogen except

A) proteins.
B) ammonium.
C) urea.
D) DNA.

99) Which of the following is not an advantage of active transport?

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 A) It does not require added energy.
B) It transports nutrients against the diffusion gradient.
C) It is faster than passive transport.
D) It is specific for a particular nutrient.

FILL IN THE BLANK. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or
answers the question.
100) Heat tolerance, specialized metabolic enzymes, and syntrophy are all adaptations that
contribute to a microbe's __________.

101) Microbes called __________ __________ have modifications in their cell walls and
membranes which limit their growth to hyper saline habitats.

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or
answers the question.
102) Why does pickling help promote the growth of lactic acid bacteria, but prevent
contamination with other microbes?

103) Describe what is likely to happen to the cytoplasm of an obligate halophile after being
placed in a hypotonic environment.

104) Keeping food cold would seem to promote the growth of psychrophilic bacteria. Why are
we generally less concerned about this than we are about mesophilic bacteria?

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Version 1 26
Answer Key

Test name: Chapter 07

1) TRUE
2) FALSE
3) TRUE
4) FALSE
5) TRUE
6) FALSE
7) TRUE
8) FALSE
9) TRUE
10) TRUE
11) TRUE
12) TRUE
13) FALSE
14) FALSE
15) TRUE
16) FALSE
17) FALSE
18) TRUE
19) TRUE
20) FALSE
21) TRUE
22) TRUE
23) TRUE
24) FALSE
25) FALSE
26) TRUE

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27) A
28) B
29) D
30) C
31) D
32) A
33) D
34) A
35) D
36) B
37) A
38) D
39) B
40) D
41) C
42) E
43) A
44) C
45) E
46) C
47) D
48) D
49) A
50) B
51) B
52) D
53) A
54) C
55) E
56) D

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57) B
58) C
59) D
60) A
61) B
62) B
63) D
64) C
65) B
66) E
67) D
68) B
69) D
70) B
71) A
72) D
73) C
74) A
75) C
76) E
77) B
78) B
79) E
80) B
81) C
82) D
83) A
84) C
85) B
86) C

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Test Bank for Talaro’s Foundations in Microbiology, 11th Edition, Barry Chess

87) C
88) A
89) B
90) C
91) B
92) A
93) A
94) B
95) B
96) D
97) B
98) B
99) A
100) niche
101) obligate halophiles
102) Answer may vary
103) Answer may vary
104) Answer may vary

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