Test Bank for Textbook of Basic Nursing Lippincotts Practical Nursing 10th Edition Caroline

Test Bank for Textbook of Basic Nursing Lippincotts

Practical Nursing 10th Edition Caroline Bunker
Rosdahl

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1. There are characteristics and a normal sequence of human growth and development. The
nurse sees a 3-month-old child in the pediatrician's office. The mother asks the nurse
what the normal level of cognitive development should be for a 3-month-old child.
Based on this information, what would the nurse teach the client's mother as being the
major level of cognitive development for a 3-month-old child?
A) Develops a preferred sleeping position and cry to signal needs
B) Laughs, squeals, and looks at objects for several seconds, and reaches for and
grasps objects
C) Smiles, babbles, follows lights and reacts to sounds
D) Develops social smile, responds to pleasurable interactions, such as looking at the
mother's face
Ans: B
Feedback:
At 3 months of age, the major level of development is laughing, squealing, looking at
objects for several seconds and reaching for and grasping objects. At 6 weeks, the major
level of development is smiling, babbling, following lights, and reacting to sounds. At 8
weeks, the major level of development is establishing a preferred sleeping position and
crying to signal needs. At 2 to 3 months of age, the major level of development is to
develop a social smile and respond to pleasurable interactions, such as looking at human
faces.

2. There are characteristics and a normal sequence of human growth and development. A
cousin who is a nurse is watching the niece's children while the niece attends calling
hours for their uncle. The youngest child continuously smiles, babbles, follows the light
in the funeral home, and reacts to the noises in the environment. Based on this
information, the nurse knows that this child is most likely approximately what age?
A) 6 weeks
B) 8 weeks
C) 2 to 3 months
D) 3 months
Ans: A
Feedback:
At 6 weeks, the major level of development is smiling, babbling, following lights, and
reacting to sounds. At 8 weeks, the major level of development is establishing a
preferred sleeping position and crying to signal needs. At 3 months of age, the major
level of development is laughing, squealing, looking at objects for several seconds, and
reaching for and grasping objects. At 2 to 3 months of age, the major level of
development is to develop a social smile and respond to pleasurable interactions, such as
looking at human faces.

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3. There are characteristics and a normal sequence of human growth and development. The
nurse sees a 2-month-old child in the pediatrician's office. This is the first child for a
new mother. One day after the child was born, the mother asks the nurse to describe
what the expectations are for the child during the first 3 months. Based on the mother's
question to the nurse, what would be the best explanation by the nurse about the major
level of cognitive development for a 2-month-old child?
A) Develop preferred sleeping position and cry to signal needs
B) Laugh, squeal, look at objects for several seconds and reach for and grasp objects
C) Smile, babble, follow lights, and react to sounds
D) Develop social smile, respond to pleasurable interactions such as looking at the
mother's face
Ans: A
Feedback:
At 8 weeks, the major level of development is establishing a preferred sleeping position
and crying to signal needs. At 6 weeks, the major level of development is smiling,
babbling, following lights, and reacting to sounds. At 3 months of age, the major level
of development is laughing, squealing, looking at objects for several seconds, and
reaching for and grasping objects. At 2 to 3 months of age, the major level of
development is to develop a social smile and respond to pleasurable interactions, such as
looking at human faces.

4. A 4-year-old child is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of leukemia. The mother
is very upset and tells the nurse that the child has not wet the bed in 18 months. She asks
the nurse why all of a sudden the child is wetting the bed. What is the best explanation
for this behavior by the nurse to the mother?
A) “Don't worry about it; I will get the nursing assistant to change the bed right
now.”
B) “Sometimes children get a little nervous when they are admitted to the hospital
and might have one accident.”
C) “A child's behavior may go backward to an earlier stage of development during an
acute illness.”
D) “The medications your child is receiving can cause incontinence and once the
medication is discontinued it will no longer be an issue.”
Ans: C
Feedback:
During regression, a child's behavior may go backward to that of an earlier stage of
development; for example, during an acute illness, a child who has not needed diapers
for a long time may have episodes of incontinence. Dismissing the behaviors with
comments, such as “Don't worry about it, I will get the nursing assistant to change the
bed right now”; “Sometimes children get a little nervous when they are admitted to the
hospital and might have one accident;” Or “The medications your child is receiving can
cause incontinence and once the medication is discontinued it will no longer be an
issue,” are not the best explanations for developmental regression.

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5. When discussing the growth and development of an infant with a client, the nurse refers
to various theories and phases of development. The nurse is reviewing the major points
of Erikson's theory with a client. What would be the best explanation of this theory to
the client by the nurse?
A) Cognitive development is cumulative; that is, what is learned is based on what has
been known before.
B) A child develops an understanding of object permanence, which is the knowledge
that an object seen in a particular spot continues to exist and will return to view
when it is uncovered.
C) Children will investigate and explore the environment and look at things from
their own point of view.
D) Each stage of development contains a psychosocial challenge or critical period
during which the person must deal with a major life change.
Ans: D
Feedback:
The main point of Erikson's theory on which the nurse should focus is that each stage of
development contains a psychosocial challenge or critical period, during which the
person must deal with a major life change. Piaget states that cognitive development is
cumulative; that is, what is learned is based on what has been known before. During the
sensorimotor period, according to Piaget, the child develops an understanding of object
permanence, the knowledge that an object seen in a particular spot continues to exist
and will return to view when uncovered. During the preoperational period, children
investigate and explore the environment and look at things from their own point of
view.

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6. According to Erikson's theory, at each stage of development, a significant person or
group exerts a lasting influence on the ongoing development of the child. The student
nurse is preparing a short report for a postclinical conference during the pediatric
rotation. The student nurse is doing a case study report on the assigned child and family
for which she cared during the clinical experience. The family consists of an infant,
school-aged child, teenager, mother, and father. What individuals in this family exert the
most lasting influence on the ongoing development of the infant?
1. School-aged child
2. Teenager
3. Mother
4. Father
A) 1, 2
B) 2, 3
C) 2, 4
D) 3, 4
Ans: D
Feedback:
In each stage of development, a significant person or group exerts a lasting influence on
the ongoing development of the child. The individuals who act as family caregivers, the
mother and father, are most significant to the infant. The peer group has the greatest
influence on an adolescent. The school-aged child does not have the greatest influence
on the infant because the school-aged child and teenager are not the primary caregivers.

7. A nurse is explaining cognitive development in children to a client, with the help of

Piaget's theory of cognitive development. What would be the best explanation by the
nurse about the preoperational level of cognitive development?
A) Up to age 2, children learn by touching, tasting and feeling. They learn to control
body movement.
B) Children from ages 2 to 7 years investigate and explore the environment and look
at things from their own point of view.
C) From ages 7 to 11 years, children internalize actions and can perform them in the
mind.
D) After age 12 children can think in the abstract including complex problem
solving.
Ans: B
Feedback:
The nurse should explain that there are four levels of cognitive development in Piaget's
theory. The sensorimotor level is up to age 2 where children learn by touching, tasting,
and feeling. They learn to control body movement. Preoperational level is children from
ages 2 to 7 years who investigate and explore the environment and look at things from
their own point of view. At the concrete operations level, from ages 7 to 11 years,
children internalize actions and can perform them in the mind. At the formal operational
level after age 12 children can think in the abstract. Complex problem solving is
included in this category.

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8. A nurse is explaining cognitive development in children to a client, with the help of
Piaget's theory of cognitive development. What would be the best explanation by the
nurse about the formal operations level of cognitive development?
A) Up to age 2, children learn by touching, tasting and feeling. They learn to control
body movement.
B) From ages 2 to 7 years, children investigate and explore the environment and look
at things from their own point of view.
C) From ages 7 to 11 years, children internalize actions and can perform them in the
mind.
D) After age 12, children can think in the abstract including complex problem
solving.
Ans: D
Feedback:
The nurse should explain that there are four levels of cognitive development in Piaget's
theory. At the formal operations level, after the age of 12, children can think in the
abstract. Complex problem solving is included in this category. In the sensorimotor
level, children up to age 2 years learn by touching, tasting, and feeling. They learn to
control body movement. The preoperational level includes children between ages 2 and
7 years who investigate and explore the environment and look at things from their own
point of view. At the concrete operations level, from ages 7 to 11 years, children
internalize actions and can perform them in the mind.

9. A nurse educator is explaining cognitive development in children to a group of nursing

students, with the help of Piaget's theory of cognitive development. The nursing
instructor asks the group of nursing students to identify the characteristics of cognition
at the level of concrete operations. Based on this information, what would be the correct
characteristics identified by the nursing students at the concrete operations level of
Piaget's theory?
1. Reversibility
2. Seriation
3. Conservation of matter
4. Complex problem solving
A) 1, 2, 3
B) 1, 2, 4
C) 1, 3, 4
D) 2, 3, 4
Ans: A
Feedback:
Cognition at the level of concrete operations exhibits the following characteristics:
reversibility, seriation, and conservation of matter. Complex problem solving occurs at
the formal operations level.

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10. A mother tells the nurse that her child has been able to recognize a quart of milk
whether it is in the milk container or poured into a plastic jug as the same amount.
Based on this information that the nurse collected about the child's current cognitive
development, this skill most likely is an example of what concrete operation
characteristic of Piaget's theory of cognitive development?
A) Reversibility
B) Seriation
C) Conservation of matter
D) Complex problem solving
Ans: C
Feedback:
Conservation of matter: Children begin to understand quantities, weight, and volume
such as a quart of milk whether it is in the milk container or poured into a plastic jug as
the same amount. Reversibility: Children walk to school and know that by reversing the
direction of the walk they can get home again. Seriation: Children can arrange things in
a series, from big to little or in a numbered sequence. Complex problem solving is the
ability of the child to think in the abstract.

11. Play is important to child development. Children learn about the world through play.
Infant and toddler play is usually an interaction among children, the family, and simple
toys. The nurse asks the mother of a toddler how long the child plays with one toy or
with the family dog. The nurse is collecting this information during an admission
interview. What answer by the mother would best be considered a normal finding to the
nurse of the attention span of a toddler?
A) 5 to 10 minutes
B) 10 to 15 minutes
C) 15 to 20 minutes
D) 20 to 25 minutes
Ans: A
Feedback:
The attention span of most infants and toddlers lasts about 5 to 10 minutes not 10 to 25
minutes.

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12. Play is important to child development. Children learn about the world through play.
The parents of a preschooler tell the nurse that the child frequently plays with other
children side by side with the same type of toys but rarely interacts with the other
children's toys. Based on the data collected by the nurse, the nurse would most likely
contribute this finding to what type of play by the preschooler?
A) Solitary play
B) Parallel play
C) Cooperative play
D) Interactive play
Ans: B
Feedback:
Toddlers exhibit parallel play, which occurs when two children play side by side with
the same or similar toys but do not interact with each other or the other's toy. Solitary
play occurs when children play alone with their own toys in the same area as others but
without interaction. Solitary play is most common during infancy. Preschoolers begin to
play directly with other children. Young school-aged children engage in cooperative and
interactive play and may expand the playgroup from two or three children to an entire
classroom.

13. Play is important to child development. Children learn about the world through play.The
parents of a young girl tell the nurse that the child frequently plays alone with her own
toys in the same area as other children, but never interacts with the other children. The
parents are worried that something is wrong developmentally with the child. Based on
the data collected by the nurse, the nurse best explanation to the parents would be that
this is best described as what type of normal play by the child?
A) Solitary play
B) Parallel play
C) Cooperative play
D) Interactive play
Ans: A
Feedback:
Solitary play occurs when children play alone with their own toys in the same area as
others, but without interaction. Solitary play is most common during infancy. Toddlers
exhibit parallel play, which occurs when two children play side by side with the same or
similar toys, but do not interact with each other or the other's toy.Preschoolers begin to
play directly with other children. Young school-aged children engage in cooperative and
interactive play and may expand the playgroup from two or three children to an entire
classroom.

Page 7
14. The nurse is educating the family regarding normal behavior for their 2-year-old
daughter. Why is it important for the nurse to understand normal behavior in a child?
A) To promote bonding between the child and family
B) To distinguish between normal and abnormal behavior
C) To encourage peer cooperation, interaction, and sharing
D) To suggest the type of schooling required for the child
Ans: B
Feedback:
It is important for a nurse to understand normal behavior in a child to distinguish
between normal and abnormal behavior. An understanding of normal behavior is
necessary before the nurse can recognize abnormal behavior. The nurse need not
understand the child's normal behavior specifically to promote bonding between the
child and her family. Bonding is a part of the child's psychosocial development during
infancy. Play during child development encourages peer cooperation, interaction, and
sharing.

15. The nurse is collecting data about a baby in the well-baby clinic. The nurse reads in the
electronic medical record that proximodistal direction movements are present. What is
the best interaction for this description in the record?
A) Lift head before sitting.
B) Sit before walking.
C) Roll over before grasping objects.
D) Make sounds before being able to walk.
Ans: C
Feedback:
Proximodistal means from the center to the outside. Following this, babies are likely to
roll over before they grasp small objects. Movements such as lifting the head before
sitting up and making sounds before being able to walk are in the cephalocaudal
direction. Growth and development also progress from simple to complex; following
this principle, babies are more likely to sit before learning to walk.

Page 8
16. The nurse is collecting data about a baby in the well-baby clinic. The nurse reads in the
electronic medical record that cephalocaudal direction movements are present. What are
examples of cephalocaudal direction movements?
1. Lift head before sitting
2. Sit before walking
3. Roll over before grasping objects
4. Make sounds before being able to walk
A) 1, 2
B) 1, 4
C) 2, 3
D) 3, 4
Ans: B
Feedback:
Movements such as lifting the head before sitting up and making sounds before being
able to walk are in the cephalocaudal direction. Proximodistal means from the center to
the outside. Following this, babies are likely to roll over before they grasp small objects.
Growth and development also progress from simple to complex; following this
principle, babies are more likely to sit before learning to walk.

17. A client with a 3-year-old son wants to know the impact of her child failing to meet a
challenge in the developmental process. Based on the data collected the nurse knows
that what would occur if Erikson's theory of psychosocial development is applied?
A) Failure to investigate and explore the environment
B) Difficulty achieving the next level of development
C) Failure to look at things from the child's point of view
D) Inability to participate in cooperative and interactive play
Ans: B
Feedback:
According to Erikson's theory, the nurse should inform the client that failure to meet a
challenge leads to difficulty achieving the next level of development. According to
Piaget's theory, children learn to investigate and explore their environments and learn to
look at things from their own points of view when they are between 2 and 7 years of
age. Play is a part of growth and development in a child, so failure to meet a challenge
does not necessarily cause an inability to participate in cooperative and interactive play.

Page 9
18. Growth and development, which is considered a single process, continues throughout
childhood and into adulthood. Most children are able to perform certain tasks at about
the same age, although normal variations exist. A mother asks the nurse what is the first
solid food that can be given to the infant. Based on the fact that most children are able to
perform certain tasks at about the same age, what would be the best food for the nurse to
tell the mother to introduce first to the infant?
A) Eggs
B) Citrus fruits
C) Iron-fortified cereal
D) Finely minced meat
Ans: C
Feedback:
The nurse should recommend iron-fortified infant cereal, mixed with breast milk or
human milk substitute, as the first solid food that should be given to the infant. Citrus
fruits and eggs should not be given to a child until he or she is 1 year old. Also, meat
should not be introduced to the child until after the child's first year.

19. A nurse is discussing feeding practices with the mother of a 3-month-old infant. The
mother describes propping the bottle on a blanket in the crib. Which is the highest
priority consequence of this practice that the nurse should monitor when caring for the
infant?
A) Oral thrush
B) Tongue infection
C) Erosion of tooth enamel
D) Ulcers in mouth
Ans: C
Feedback:
The nurse should monitor for the erosion of tooth enamel, known as nursing bottle
mouth, as one of the major consequences of this practice. Erosion of tooth enamel, deep
cavities, and tooth loss result from the prolonged contact of milk and juice sugars with
emerging teeth. Lost primary teeth do not maintain space for permanent teeth, which
may erupt decayed. Nursing bottle mouth may affect appearance, chewing, eating
habits, and speech development. Oral thrush, tongue infection, and ulcers in the mouth
are not known to occur as a result of nursing bottle mouth.

Page 10
20. A client arrives at a healthcare facility complaining that her daughter frequently sucks
her thumb. The client wants to know about the adverse effect of thumb sucking. What
would be the best response from the nurse to the client?
A) “Thumb sucking in children may cause ulcers in the mouth.”
B) “Thumb sucking in children may lead to thrush.”
C) “Thumb sucking in children may cause permanent damage to the child's mouth
structure.”
D) “Thumb sucking in children may lead to speech problems.”
Ans: C
Feedback:
The nurse should inform the client that children who suck their thumb develop the risk
of permanently damaging their mouth structure. Thumb sucking can cause damage,
especially during the eruption of baby teeth. The long-term effects of the habit depend
on factors such as frequency, duration, and intensity. Thumb sucking is not known to
cause mouth ulcers, thrush, or speech problems.

21. The nurse is collecting data from a 4-year-old client and mother. What are the normal
cognitive and motor development expectations that should be observed by a nurse in a
4- year-old child?
A) Children can state their full name and age.
B) Children develop the ability to say “no.”
C) Children engage in parallel play.
D) Children can eat and brush without assistance from an adult.
Ans: A
Feedback:
Children can state their full name along with their age by the time they are 4 years old.
Most children develop the ability to say “no” by the age of 2. Similarly, children can eat
and brush their teeth without assistance when they are 3 years old. Toddlers, not
preschoolers, engage in parallel play.

22. A mother has just delivered her first baby and asks the nurse about routines at home.
Based on this question, what information should the nurse teach the new mother about
establishing routines with an infant?
A) Routines contribute to a baby's ability to thrive.
B) Routines establish trust along with learning to expect.
C) Routines promote bonding between mother and infant.
D) Routines help the child adjust to toilet training.
Ans: B
Feedback:
It is important to develop routines for an infant to help them establish trust along with
learning what to expect. Skin-to-skin touch contributes to a baby's ability to thrive, and
it helps promote bonding between the mother and infant. Developing routines does not
help the child adjust to toilet training.

Page 11
23. A nurse is helping a father understand expected behaviors of his 8-year-old son. The
nurse is teaching the father that, by this age, the boy is in the concrete operations stage
of development. What are the most common characteristics that the nurse can tell the
father that are displayed by children at this level according to Piaget's theory of
cognitive development?
A) They have the ability to understand quantities, such as weight and volume.
B) They have the ability to solve complex problems.
C) They have the ability to investigate and explore the environment.
D) They have the ability to learn by touching.
Ans: A
Feedback:
The nurse should identify the child's ability to understand quantities, such as weight and
volume, and conservation of matter, as one of the characteristics displayed in children
during the concrete operations phase. Abstract thinking, complex problem solving, and
sharing are not characteristics of children during the concrete operation phase.

24. According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, children from ages 2 to 7 are in
the preoperational major level of cognitive development. The nurse is collecting data
from parents of a 4-year-old child. Which would be an appropriate example given by the
parents to the nurse of children in the preoperational stage?
A) Comparing how fast a ball and a block fall from the same height
B) Wishing the dog would quit eating their blocks and now feeling responsible
because the dog has ran away
C) Understanding how differently shaped figures fit together into an idealistic world
D) Showing parents that they can ride a bicycle all by themselves
Ans: B
Feedback:
The preoperational stage occurs in children from ages 2 to 7; children investigate and
explore the environment and look at things from their own point of view, such as
wishing the dog would quit eating their blocks and now feeling responsible because the
dog has ran away. A child in the concrete operations stage has developed the ability to
have conservation of matter, such as comparing how fast a ball and a block fall from the
same height. Understanding how different shape figures fit together into an idealistic
world is an example of how a child thinks after the age of 12 in the formal operations
stage. Learning how to ride a bicycle is an example of physical growth.

Page 12
Test Bank for Textbook of Basic Nursing Lippincotts Practical Nursing 10th Edition Caroline

25. The nurse is collecting data from the parents of a 2-year-old child. While attempting to
get information from the parents, the child starts to cry, scream, and lash out every time
the nurse tries to pick up the child from the mother's arms. Based on this observation,
what conclusion would best be considered by the nursing about this 2-year-old child?
A) The nurse recognizes that the child is displaying normal toddler development.
B) The nurse needs to contact the primary care provider for further psychological
assessment of the child and family members.
C) The nurse recognizes that the child is being very manipulative and should
immediately be taken away from the parents to be further assessed by a nurse
practitioner.
D) The nurse recognizes that the child is exhibiting development regression.
Ans: A
Feedback:
Like infants, toddlers may display signs of anxiety when confronted with strangers, such
as a nurse. On separation from loved ones, children may cry, scream, lash out physically
at others, and call for the missed person. Because this is normal toddler behavior, further
assessment or the child being removed from the parents is not appropriate. The child is
not exhibiting signs of development regression to an earlier age group with this
behavior.

Page 13

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