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Derivatives Rules
Derivatives Rules
2.
d n
dx
( )
x = nx n−1 ( n is a real number )
Ex. f ( x) = x7
f ( x) = 7 x 6
( )
f ( x) = 3 8 x 7 = 24 x 7
d d d
4. f ( x ) g ( x ) = f ( x) g ( x)
dx dx dx
Ex. f ( x) = 7 + x12
f ( x) = 0 + 12 x11 = 12 x11
( )(
Ex. f ( x) = x + 2 x + 5 3x − 8 x + 1
3 7 2
)
( )(
f ( x) = 3x 2 + 2 3x 7 − 8 x 2 + 1) + ( x + 2 x + 5 )( 21x
3 6
− 16 x )
Derivative Derivative of
of the first the second
function function
f ( x) = 30 x9 + 48 x 7 + 105 x 6 − 40 x 4 − 45 x 2 − 80 x + 2
Copyright © 2006 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.
More Differentiation Rules
6. Quotient Rule
d d
d f ( x ) g ( x) dx f ( x) − f ( x) dx g ( x)
=
dx g ( x) g ( x) 2
d hi lo d hi − hi d lo
=
dx lo lo lo
(x )
2
2
−2
−3 x 2 − 10 x − 6
=
(x )
2
2
−2
h( x) = g ( f ( x) ) f ( x)
h( x) = n f ( x)
n −1
f ( x)
( )
12
Ex. f ( x) = 3x + 4 x = 3x + 4 x
2 2
( )
1 −1 2
f ( x) = 3x + 4 x
2
(6x + 4)
2
3x + 2
=
3x 2 + 4 x
Copyright © 2006 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.
Chain Rule Example
7
Ex. G ( x) = 2 x − 1
3x + 5
2x −1
6 ( 3 x + 5 ) 2 − ( 2 x − 1) 3
G ( x) = 7
3x + 5 ( 3 x + 5 )
2
91( 2 x − 1)
6 6
2x −1 13
G ( x) = 7 =
3x + 5 ( 3x + 5) ( 3x + 5)
2 8
dy dy du
=
dx du dx
5 32
(
= u 56 x 7 + 6 x
2
) Sub in for u
5
( ) ( )
32
= 7 x + 3x
8 2
56 x7 + 6 x
2
( + 15 x )( 7 x + 3x )
32
= 140 x 7 8 2
C ( x)
the Average Cost Function is
C ( x)
C=
x
the Marginal Average Cost Function is
C ( x)
Copyright © 2006 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.
Revenue Functions
Given a revenue function, R(x),
the Marginal Revenue Function is
R( x )
Profit Functions
Given a profit function, P(x),
the Marginal Profit Function is
P( x )
Copyright © 2006 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.
Elasticity of Demand
If f is a differentiable demand function defined by
x = f ( p)
Then the elasticity of demand at price p is given by
pf ( p )
E ( p) = −
f ( p)
Derivative Notations
d2y
Second f dx 2
d3y
Third f dx3
(4) d4y
Fourth f dx 4
(n) dny
nth f
dx n
f ( x) = 15 x 4 − 6 x 2
f ( x) = 60 x − 12 x
3
f ( x) = 180 x 2 − 12
2 ( 3x − 2 ) − 3 ( 2 x + 1) −7 −2
f ( x) = = = −7 ( 3x − 2 )
( 3x − 2 ) ( 3x − 2 )
2 2
−3 42
f ( x) = 14 ( 3x − 2 ) ( 3) =
( 3x − 2 )
3
42 42 21
f (2) = = 3 =
( 3(2) − 2 )
3
4 32
y 3 + xy = 3 x + 1
3 f ( x) f ( x) + f ( x) + xf ( x) = 3
2
( )
y 3y + x = 3 − y
2
Solve for y’
3− y
y = 2
3y + x
Distance = z
dx dy
y
= 60 = 35
dt dt
x = 120 y = 70 x From original
x +y =z
2 2 2 relationship
dx dy dz
2x + 2 y = 2z
dt dt dt
2(120)(60) + 2(70)(35) = 2 10 193
dz
(dz
dt
)
69.5 mi./hr.
dt
Copyright © 2006 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.
Increments
An increment in x represents a change from x1
to x2 and is defined by:
x = x2 − x1
Read “delta x”
dy = f ( x)x = f ( x)dx