Revision Notes

Class 6 Mathematics
Chapter 12 - Ratio and Proportion

Comparison by taking difference:

● We often employ the approach of taking difference between quantities
when comparing quantities of the same type.
● In some cases, a comparison by difference is not preferable to a comparison
by division.
● When we examined the two quantities in terms of ‘how many times,' this
comparison is called as ‘Ratio’.

Comparison by Division:
● In many cases, division is used to make a more meaningful comparison of
amounts, i.e., seeing how many times one quantity is to the other quantity.
Comparison by ratio is the name given to this procedure.
● The sign : is used to represent a ratio.
● The two quantities must be in the same unit to be compared via ratio.
If they aren't in the same unit, they should be before the ratio is calculated.
● By multiplying or dividing the numerator and denominator by the same
number, we can derive equivalent ratios.
Example:
Isha weighs 10 kg whereas her father weighs 50 kg . The weights of Isha's
father and Isha are said to be in a 50:10 = 5:1 ratio.
● The same ratio can occur in a variety of circumstances.
● It's worth noting that the a : b ratio is not the same as b : a . As a result, the
order in which quantities are taken to express their ratio is important.
For example, 5 : 3 ratio is not the same as the 3 : 5 ratio.
● A ratio can be expressed as a fraction; for example, the ratio 7 : 9 can be
7
expressed as .
9
● In its simplest form, a ratio can be represented.
78
For example, the ratio 78 : 39 is considered as .
39
In its simplest form, a ratio can be represented as
78 2
= .
39 1
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 Hence, the lowest form of the ratio 78 : 39 is 2 : 1.
● If the fractions corresponding to two ratios are the same, they are
comparable.
Example:
1 : 2 is identical to 5 : 10 or 8 : 16 .
● We say two ratios are in proportion if they are equal, and we use the
symbols ‘ :: ’ or ‘ = ' to equate them.
● We say that two ratios are not in proportion if they are not equal.
The four quantities involved in a statement of proportion are known as
respective terms when they are taken in order.
Extreme terms are the first and fourth terms. Whereas, Middle terms
are the second and third terms.
Example:
1. Are 16,48,17 and 51 in proportion?
Solution:
16
Ratio of 16 to 48 =
48
1
=
3
=1:3
17
Ratio of 17 to 51 =
51
1
=
3
=1:3
Since, 16: 48 = 17 :51
Therefore, 16,48,17 and 51 are in proportion.
Here, 16 and 51 are the extreme terms whereas, 48 and 17 are the
Middle terms.

2. Do the ratios 5 cm to 3 m and 24 seconds to 5 minutes form a

proportion?
Solution:
Ratio of 15 cm to 3 m = 15 : 3 100
Since, (1 m = 100 cm ) ,
Therefore, we get,

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 Ratio of 15 cm to 3 m = 15 : 300
Ratio of 15 cm to 3 m = 1 : 20
Ratio of 24 sec to 5 minutes = 24 : 8  60
Since, (1 minute = 60 seconds ) ,
Therefore, we get,
Ratio of 24 sec to 5 minutes = 24 : 300
Ratio of 24 sec to 5 minutes = 1 : 12.5
Since, 1: 20  1:12.5
Therefore, the given ratios 5 cm to 3 m and 24 seconds to 5 minutes do
not form a proportion.
● The unitary method is a method that involves first determining the value
of one unit and then determining the value of the required number of units.
Example:
If the cost of a dozen soaps is Rs. 250 , what will be the cost of
23 such soaps?
Solution:
We have,
Cost of a dozen soaps is Rs. 250 .
Since, 1 dozen = 12
Therefore,
250
Cost of 1 soap =
12
= Rs. 20.83
Therefore,
Cost of 23 soaps = 20.83  23
= Rs. 479.09
Hence, cost of 23 soaps is Rs. 479.09 .

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