Miles M.

Yordan
IBA101 ASSIGNMENT 03

1. Statistical Analysis: Using math and data to understand and make sense of information.
2. Population: The entire group of things or people you're interested in studying or learning about.
3. Sample: A smaller group taken from the population to represent it and make it easier to study.
4. Descriptive Statistics: Numbers and graphs that summarize and describe data, like averages and
charts.
5. Mean: The average of a set of numbers, found by adding them up and dividing by how many
there are.
6. Median: The middle number in a list when the numbers are arranged in order, or the average of
the two middle numbers if there's an even amount.
7. Mode: The number that appears most frequently in a set of data.
8. Range: The difference between the highest and lowest numbers in a set.
9. Variance: A measure of how much the numbers in a set differ from the mean.
10. Standard Deviation: A number that tells you how spread out the numbers in a set are; a high
standard deviation means the numbers are spread out a lot.
11. Inferential Statistics: Using data from a sample to make conclusions or predictions about a
larger population.
12. Hypothesis: A statement or educated guess about something that you can test or study to see if
it's true.
13. Hypothesis Testing: A method to determine if your hypothesis is likely to be true or not.
14. Confidence Intervals: A range of values that you are reasonably sure contains the true result or
answer.
15. Significance Level: The probability threshold you set to decide if your results are significant or
just due to chance.
16. P-value: A number that indicates the probability of obtaining results as extreme as the ones you
found if the null hypothesis (your initial assumption) is true.
17. Type I Error: Making the mistake of thinking there is an effect or difference when there isn't
(false positive).
18. Type II Error: Making the mistake of thinking there isn't an effect or difference when there is
(false negative).
19. Probability: The likelihood of something happening.
20. Probability Distribution: A way of showing all possible outcomes of an event and their
associated probabilities.
21. Correlation: How two variables are related or connected; if one goes up when the other goes
up, they are positively correlated, and if one goes down when the other goes up, they are
negatively correlated.
22. Regression: A statistical method used to analyze the relationship between one or more
independent variables and a dependent variable.
23. Histogram: A graph that shows the distribution of data by dividing it into "bins" and counting
how many data points fall into each bin.
24. Scatter Plots: A graph that shows the relationship between two variables by plotting data points
on a two-dimensional plane.
25. Box Plots: A graphical representation of the spread and distribution of a data set, showing the
median, quartiles, and any outliers.