Summer Work Week3 [23 marks]

An experiment to investigate simple harmonic motion consists of a mass

oscillating at the end of a vertical spring.

The mass oscillates vertically above a motion sensor that measures the speed of
the mass. Test 1 is carried out with a 1.0 kg mass and spring of spring constant k1 .
Test 2 is a repeat of the experiment with a 4.0 kg mass and spring of spring
constant k2 .
The variation with time of the vertical speed of the masses, for one cycle of the
oscillation, is shown for each test.
1a. Calculate the frequency of the oscillation for both tests. [1 mark]

1b. Deduce k1 . [2 marks]

k2
1c. Determine the amplitude of oscillation for test 1. [2 marks]

1d. In test 2, the maximum elastic potential energy Ep stored in the spring is [2 marks]
44 J.
When t = 0 the value of Ep for test 2 is zero.
Sketch, on the axes, the variation with time of Ep for test 2.
1e. The motion sensor operates by detecting the sound waves reflected [4 marks]
from the base of the mass. The sensor compares the frequency detected
with the frequency emitted when the signal returns.
The sound frequency emitted by the sensor is 35 kHz. The speed of sound is 340
m s−1.
Determine the maximum frequency change detected by the sensor for test 2.
 On a guitar, the strings played vibrate between two fixed points. The frequency of
vibration is modified by changing the string length using a finger. The different
strings have different wave speeds. When a string is plucked, a standing wave
forms between the bridge and the finger.

2a. Outline how a standing wave is produced on the string. [2 marks]

 The string is displaced 0.4 cm at point P to sound the guitar. Point P on the string
vibrates with simple harmonic motion (shm) in its first harmonic with a frequency
of 195 Hz. The sounding length of the string is 62 cm.

2b. Show that the speed of the wave on the string is about 240 m s−1. [2 marks]

2c. Sketch a graph to show how the acceleration of point P varies with [1 mark]
its displacement from the rest position.

−1
2d. Calculate, in m s−1, the maximum velocity of vibration of point P when it [2 marks]
is vibrating with a frequency of 195 Hz.

2e. Calculate, in terms of g, the maximum acceleration of P. [2 marks]

2f. Estimate the displacement needed to double the energy of the string. [2 marks]
 2g. The string is made to vibrate in its third harmonic. State the distance [1 mark]
between consecutive nodes.

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