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Equity Methods Advanced Model (Empty)
Equity Methods Advanced Model (Empty)
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Companies often issue equity (stock or options) to their employees. For start-ups, equity is particularly important for tw
performance. As the share price rises or falls, employees’ share compensation follows suit. This can create powerful in
flows to the business may still be low or inconsistent.
That said, care must be taken to manage equity grants to ensure that dilution is managed and does not become excess
cash reserves will look depending on different variables such as share value fluctuations, compensation targets, etc.
Successfully managing these concerns requires accurate and flexible forecasting for many different future possibilities.
• How long can we expect our run on our existing cash reserves?
• If our stock price rises or falls, how long can we keep dilution above a certain threshold?
• Can we afford to pay above-market to our employees in order to attract top talent?
In this exercise, you will 1) take raw benchmarking data to seed the model, 2) build out a flexible forecast that allows a
world questions that our clients face.
Tab Descriptions
• Intro to Concept – a short introductory exercise to familiarize yourself with the basic concepts
• Case Questions – a set of questions to be completed after building the model
• Share Pool Model – the main tab that houses key assumptions and outputs. Once the model is built, you will b
dilution and cash reserves
• Market Benchmarking Data – a dataset containing survey results for your two employees. Specifically, this dataset
compensation at different levels in the market. Companies that want to attract top talent, will want to pay above the 5
• Employee Detail Overview – an intermediate tab that converts the raw benchmarking data and the starting in
• Employee Detail Forecast – an intermediate tab that calculates compensation numbers for ten years
• Usage by Level – an intermediate tab that summarizes compensation data by year and position
• Student Info – a tab for you to enter your contact information so Equity Methods can reach out to you with jo
Instructions
Note: Avoid using fixed cell references where possible. An important feature of the model is that it should be flexible t
Fill in the grey cells on the red tabs to complete the model. For additional instructions, see the walkthrough video.
For a simplier version of the case, download the "MECC September Challenge - Equity Compensation"
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particularly important for two reasons – first, it aligns employee compensation with company
This can create powerful incentives. Second, it allows companies to conserve cash at a time when cash
and does not become excessive. To that end, companies will model out how ownership percentages and
ompensation targets, etc.
different future possibilities. Companies will want to use the model to answer questions like:
shold?
t?
exible forecast that allows assumptions to be easily tweaked, and 3) use the model to answer real-
Descriptions
asic concepts
the model is built, you will be able to flex different assumptions and see how that impacts the total
ees. Specifically, this dataset will tell you how much companies in the marketplace pay in total
will want to pay above the 50th percentile to ensure that their compensation is competitive
king data and the starting inputs into year 1 compensation numbers for the model
mbers for ten years
r and position
can reach out to you with job opportunities
nstructions
From Monte Carlo simulation to advanced accounting, Equity Methods consultants work on the most challen
world. Our consultants exhibit a collaborative mindset and a passion for execution. We work hard to deliver e
you enjoy solving complex problems with other bright individuals, learn more about a career at Equity Metho
www.equitymethods.com/careers
Name:
Email:
Interested In:
VISA Sponsorship Required?
Be sure to submit your model on ExPrep so Equity Methods gets your information!
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Equity Methods
work on the most challenging projects in the industry for some of the largest companies in the
We work hard to deliver exemplary client service and see firsthand the impact of our work. If
t a career at Equity Methods:
tymethods.com/careers
u Want A Job?
Methods.
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information!
Dilution Example
Suppose a company is divided into 1,000 shares, and the company is worth $1,000,000. How much is each share worth?
Company Value $1,000,000
Shares Outstanding 1,000
Value per Share $1,000
Now, suppose the company issues 200 new shares to its employees as compensation. How much is each share worth after
Company Value $1,000,000
Shares Outstanding 1,200
Value per Share $833.33
Last, assume you own 100 shares. How much value did you lose when the company issued 200 shares to its employees?
Before After Difference
Company Value $1,000,000 $1,000,000 $0
Shares Outstanding 1,000 1,200 200
Value per Share $1,000 $833 ($167)
Your Shares Held 100 100 0
Value of Shares Held $100,000 $83,333 ($16,667)
Forecasting Execise
Suppose that a company expects its shareholders to approve 100,000 shares for the employee equity granting pool. The st
and the company intends to grant $300,000 of shares to its employees in year 1. Assume that each year, the share price wi
value granted will rise by 3%. Use the brief model below to estimate how long will the share pool last?
During which year will the share pool fully deplete? Year 4
What if the share price falls by 20% each year? Year 3
h is each share worth?
8a. Understanding Fungible Ratio: Assuming a fungible ratio of 3.5:1 (i.e., one RSU will deplete the share pool by 3.5 shares
deplete the pool by 1 share) and a share pool of 100,000 shares, how many options may be issued in total if only options ar
Final Questions
The purpose of this section of questions is to assess your overall model for 1) correctness, and 2) flexibility to answer real-lif
1a. Using the baseline assumptions in the model, during which year will the share pool fully deplete? By how many shares w
1b. How will this change if the stock price 1) grows 10% annually or 2) falls 10% annually?
2. Assuming a flat stock price, how many more shares would we need to request for the pool if we want it to last to the end
3a. Does changing the RSU % and Option %’s to include a greater proportion of options make the pool last "Longer" or "Sho
3b. Is it possible to tweak cell C23 to make us indifferent? If so, what value should we use?
4. Strategically, suppose that we want to offer compensation that is heavily weighted towards equity. If we offer a 25th per
5a. Now, suppose we want to ensure that our pool lasts 7 full years. To conserve shares, we will stop granting to employee
salary at the 50th percentile, what is the lowest job level that can receive equity if we grant equity at the:
5b. 90th percentile?
5c. 75th percentile?
5d. 50th percentile?
5e. 25th percentile?
6a. How do the answers to question 5 change if we want to guard against a share price decline of 10% per year?
6b. 90th percentile?
6c. 75th percentile?
6d. 50th percentile?
6e. 25th percentile?
7. Last, assume that our share pool has an evergreen provision that allows for 50,000 shares to be added back into the poo
h section of instructions in the Word document, there
next step. All of these questions assume that the model is
if we want it to last to the end of the year in question 1 and an additional full year?
the pool last "Longer" or "Shorter"?
s equity. If we offer a 25th percentile salary and 90th percentile equity, when would we expect the share pool to fully deplete?
will stop granting to employees in order of reverse seniority (Ignore BOD and Chairman, start with “Dir” first, then “Sr. Dir”, then “VP”, etc.
quity at the:
to be added back into the pool, subject to an 100,000 share cap. How does this change which year we expect to run out of shares?
pool to fully deplete?
Model Inputs
Starting Share Price $100.00
Expected Share Pool Size 500,000
Share Price CAGR 0.0%
Award Size CAGR 3.0%
Options Value Factor 60%
(for share setting)
Fungible Ratio 2.0:1
(Options per Share)
Evergreen Yearly Amount 0
Evergreen Total Cap 0
Intermediate Inputs
Year Year 0 Year 1 Year 2
Share Price
Grant Size
Job Title Description Job Function Description Group
($)
Dollar Values
Category Award Type Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4
RSUs
CEO
Options
RSUs
EVP
Options
RSUs
SVP
Options
RSUs
VP
Options
RSUs
Sr. Dir
Options
RSUs
Dir
Options
RSUs
BOD Chairman
Options
RSUs
BOD
Options
Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 Year 10