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Calculus For Physics Advanced
Calculus For Physics Advanced
INCHAPTER EXERCISE
du
Q.2 y x 2 cos x, u x2 2x
dx
u. v dv
v cos x sin x
dx
dy du dv
v u cos x(2x) x 2 ( sin x)
dx dx dx
= 2xcosx – x sinx
2
x 1 u
Q.5 y
x 1 v
du dv
v u
dy
dx dx
dx 2
v
u x 1 (x)1/ 2 1
dy
x 1 2 1x x 1 2 1x
x 1
dx 2
x 1 x 1 2
=
2 2
2 x x 1 2 x x 1
1
2
x x 1
x ln x u dv
Q.6 y , v ex ex
x v dx
e
dp
P x 1
dx
u (x) (In x),
dq 1
P Q
Q Lnx
dx x
du dQ dp
P Q
dx dx dx
1
= (x) (1nx)(1) 1 Lnx
x
du dv
v u
dy dx dx (e x )(1 Lnx) (Lnx)(e) x
dx v2 (e x )2
e x [1 Lnx xLnx] 1 Lnx xLnx
x
e ex
INCHAPTER EXERCISE
x3
Q.1 (i) x y
3
dy dy 1
Step – 1 Find , [ 3 x 2 ] 1 = x2 – 1
dx dx 3
dy
Step – 2 Equate 0
dx
x2 1 0
i.e. x 2 1 x 1 or x 1
Q.2 (i) y = x3 – 3x + 10
dy
S–1 3x 2 3(1) 0 3x 2 3
dx
dy
S–2 3x 2 3 0
dx
3 x2 3
x2 =1
x 1 or x 1
d2 y
S–3 3(2x) 0 6x
dx 2
d2 y
S – 4 * x = 1 in ( 6x) 6(1) 6 0
dx 2
x 1 minima
y min (1)3 3(1) (10) 8
y x 3 3x 10
d2 y
x = -1 in 6x 6(1) 6 0
dx 2
x 1 maxima
y max ( 1)3 3( 1) 10
ymax = -1 + 3 + 10 = 12
INCHAPTER EXERCISE
5 2 1 4 4
Q.1 x
x
2 x x x
10 dx
2 1 4
x5dx dx dx dx 10 dx
2 x x
x
x 6 2
= Lnx 8 x 10x c
6 x
9
7e
x
Q.2 4sin x e dx
x3
dx
7 e x 4 sin x 9 e dx
x3
9
7e x 4 cos x ex c
2x 2
INCHAPTER EXERCISE
x sin(1 x
2
Q.1 )dx
Let P = 1 + x2
dp dp
0 2x 2x
dx dx
dp
Or xdx
2
2x
Q.2 1 x 2 dx
dp
Let 1 x 2 2x dp 2xdx
dx
2xdx dP
LnP C
1 x2 P
Ans. ln(1+ x2) + C
INCHAPTER EXERCISE
5 5 5
Q.1 (3 2t)dt 3dt 2tdt
1 1 1
t 2 5
3[t]5 2
2
1
= 3(5 – 1) + [(5)2 – (1)2]
= 12 + 24 = 36
2
Q.2 (2sin x cos x)dx
2
2 2
2sin x dx cos xdx
/4
4
= 2[ cos x] // 24 [sin x] // 24
= 2 cos cos sin sin
2 4 2 4
1 1
= 2 0 1
2 2
2 1 3
= 1 1
2 2 2
Q.2 v = 3t2
t
t3
* ds vdt 3t dt 3 [t 3 ]
2
3
[s]s0 [t 3 ]0t (s 0) (t 3 0)
* At t = 0 s = 0 m
* At t = 2 s = 8m
* At t = 10 S = 1000m
dv
* a 6t variable acceleration
dt
* acceleration at t = 0 a 0m / s 2
* acceleration at t = 2 a = 12 m/s2
* acceleration at t = 10 a 60m / s2
Q3. If v = u + at
t
As S vdt
0
t
(u at)dt a = constant
0
t t
u dt a t dt
0 0
t
t2
u[t]0t a
2
0
1
= ut at 2
2
dV ds
Q.4 a v
ds dt
dv
av
ds
ads vdv
EXERCISE # I
1. y (x 2 3x 3)(x 2 2x 1)
u v
du
u x 2 3x 3 2x 3(1) 0 2x 3
dx
dv
v x 2 2x 1 2x 2(1) 0 2x 2
dx
dy dy dv
v u (x 2 2x 1)(2x 1) (x 2 3x 3)(2x 2)
dx dx dx
2x3 4x 2 2x 3x 2 6x 3 2x3 6x 2 6x 2x 2 6x 6
4x3 3x 2 8x 9
du dv
v u
x 1 u dy
2. y dx dx
x 1 v dx v 2
du
u x 1 (1)
dx
dv
v x 1 1
dx
x 4
3. y
x2 1 v
du dv
v u
dy
dx dx
dx 2
v
du
ux 1
dx
dv
v x2 1 2x 0 2x
dx
Substitute and solve
x2 1
5. z (x 2 1)(1 x)
2
3(x 1)
P Q
dz dP dQ
dx dx dx
du dv
v u
x 2 1 u dP
P , dx dx
2
3(x 1) v dx v 2
du
u x2 1 2x
dx
dv
v 3(x 2 1) 3(2x 0) 6x
dx
dp 3(x 2 1)(2x) (x 2 1)6x 6x(x 2 1 x 2 1)
dx [3(x 2 1) 2 ]2 3(x 2 1) 2
dP 12x 4x
dx 9(x 2 1)2 3(x 2 1)2
dQ dQ db
Q = (x 2 1)(1 x), b a
dx dx dx
a b
dq
a x2 1 2x
dx dQ
(1 x)(2x) (x 2 1)( 1)
db dx
b 1 x 1
dx
= 2x – 2x2 – x2 + 1
dQ
3x 2 2x 1
dx
dz dp dQ 4x
3x 2 2x 1
dx dx dx 3(3x 1) 2 2
du
u 0
2 dx
7. y
x 3 1 v du 3x 2
dx
du dv
v u
dy
dx dx
dx 2
v
x2 x 1
8. y ,
a3 3
Here a is constant hence a3 3 = constant
1 2
y (x x 1)
a3 3
dy 1 d(x 2 x 1) 1
(2x 1)
dx a 3 3 dx a3 3
1 x3 1
9. y [1 x3 ] constant
dy 1 d(1 x 3 )
dx dx
dy 1 3x 2
(0 3x 2 )
dx
du
u 1
2 dx
11. y
1 cos x dv
v 0 (sin x) sin x
dx
du dv
v u
dy dx dx
Solve further
dx 2
v
sin x x dy dP qQ dQ
14. y=
x sin x dx dx dx dx
P Q
sin x a da
P= cos x
x b dx
d
b 1
dx
dq db
b a
dP
dx dx division rule
dx 2
b
dP (x) cos x sin x(1) x cos x sin x
dx x2 x2
x du
Q u 1
sin x dx
dv
v cos x
dx
du dv
v u
dQ
dx dx sin x(1) (x) cos x
dx v2 (sin x) 2
dQ sin x x cos x
dx (sin x)2
dy dP dQ
dx dx dx
x cos x sin x sin x x cos x
x2 (sin x)2
dy 1 1
x cos x sin x
dx x 2 (sin x)2
du
u 1
x dx
16. y
sin x cos x dv
cos x sin x
v dx
du dv
v u
dy dx dx
dx 2
v
[(x)(sin x)] u
17. y
[1 tan x] v
dp dQ
u [x][sin(x)], 1, cos x
dx dx
du dP dQ
Q P sin x(1) (x) cos x
dx dx dx
du
sin x x cos x
dx
dv
v 1 tan x 0 sec2 x sec2 x
dx
du dv
v u
dy dx dx
dx 2
v
dy (1 tan x)(sin x)(x cos x) (x sin x) sec 2 x
dx (1 tan x) 2
1
19. y tan 4 x
4
1
Let P tan x y (P)4
4
1
20. y cos x cos3 x
3
dy d(cos x) 1 d(cos3 x)
dx dx 3 dx
dZ d(cos3 x)
3
Let Z = cos x., ?
dx dx
Let P = cos x z p3
dP dZ
sin x, 3P 2
dx dP
dZ dZ dP
3P 2 sin x
dx dP dx
dZ
3(cos x)2 sin x
dx
dy 1
sin x [3(cos x)2sin x)
dx 3
sin x[1 cos 2 x]
sin 2 x
3
= - sin x
dy 3dP dQ
21. y 3sin 2 x sin 3 x,
dx dx dx
P Q
P = sin2x
Let z sin x p z 2
dz dp
cos x, 2z
dx dz
dP dP dz
2z x cos x
dx dz dx
2zcos x 2(sin x)cos x sin 2x
Q= sin3x
Let y = sinx, Q = y3
dy dQ
cos x, 3y 2
dx dy
dQ dQ dy
(3y 2 ) cos x 3y 2 cos x 3(sin x) 2 cos x
dx dy dx
dy dp dQ
3 3(sin 2x) 3sin 2 x cos x
dx dx dx
= 6sinxcosx – 3sin2xcosx
dy 1 da db dc
dx 3 dx dx dx
sec2 x
a tan 3 x
Let P tan x a p3
dP da
sec2 x, 3P 2
dx dP
da da dP
3P2 sec2 x
dx dP dx
3(tan x)(sec 2 x)
dy 1
[tan 2 x sec2 x] sec2 x 1
dx 3
tan 2 x sec2 x [sec2 x tan 2 x] sec2 x
tan 2 x(sec 2 x 1)
(tan 2 x)(tan 2 x) tan 4 x
dy du dv dv
23. y (sec2 x) (tan x) sec2 x
dx dx dx dx
u v
da
u (x)(sec 2 x), a x 1
dx
a b
b sec2 x
Let P sec x b p 2
dP db
sec x tan x, 2P
dx dP
db dp dP
2P sec x tan x
dx dP dx
= 2secx secx tanx
db
2sec2 x tan x
dx
du da db
b a sec2 x(1) (x)2sec2 x tan x
dx dx dx
dy du dv
(sec2 x 2x sec2 x tan x) sec 2 x
dx dx dx
= 2x sec2 x tan x
24. y xln x
u v
du dv 1
1,
dx dx x
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dy du dv
v u
dx dx dx
25. y Ln 2 x (Lnx) 2
Let P Lnx y p 2
dP 1 dy
, 2P
dx x dP
dy dy dP 1 2Lnx
(2p)
dx dP dx x x
26. y = Ln(x2)
Let p x 2 y L n P
dP dy 1
2x,
dx dP P
dy dy dP 1 2x 2
2x
dx dP dx P x2 x
m n
29. x dx [x] dx
m
n n m
1
[x] m (x) m
C C
n nm
1
m m
nm
m
(x) m C
nm
dx 2
30. x2 x dx
(x)21 (x)1
C C
2 1 1
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1
C
x
dx 1
31. 2 (x)1/2 dx
x 2
1
1
1 (x) 2 1 (x)1/2
C
2 1 1 2 1
2 2
x C
EXERCISE # II
1. (B)
1
y (x) 1/2
x
1
dy 1 1 1
(x) 2 (x) 3/2
dx 2 2
2. (A)
1
y (ax b)2 (0, 6 constant)
2
(ax b)
P (ax b) y (P) 2
dP dy 2
a(1) 0 a 2(P) 2 1 2P 3
dx dP P3
dy dy dP 2 2a
(a)
dx dP dx 3
P (ax b)3
3. (C)
1
y x3 8 x 3 (x) 3 8
3
x
dy
3x 2 3(x)4 0 3x 2 3x 4
dx
5. (D)
y 4x3 5 [4x3 5]1/2
Let P 4x 3 5 y [P]1/ 2
1
dp dy 1 1
4(3x 2 ) 0, (P) 2
dx dP 2
1 1
=12x2 (P) 1/ 2
2 2 P
dy dy dP
dx P dx
1 6x 2
12x 2
2 P 4x 3 5
6. (D)
y sin(Lnx)
P Lnx y sin P
dP 1 dy
, cos(p)
dx x dP
dy dy dP 1 cos(Lnx)
cos(P)
dx dP dx x x
7. (B)
y 2x 2 1 (2x 2 1)1/2
Let P (2x 2 1) y (P)1/2
dP dy 1 1/2 1 1
2(2x) 0 4x, (P)
dx dP 2 2 P
dy dy dP 1 2 2x
4x
dx dP dx 2 p 2x 2 1
8. (A)
y = (e) 2x
Let P 2x 2 (x)1/2 y ep dP
dy
eP
dP 1(x) 1 1
2 (x)1/2
dx 2 2 2 2 x
9. (D)
y x 4 sin x 3cos x
dy
4x3 2(cos x) 3( sin x) 4x3 2cos x 3sin x
dx
10. (A)
y (x 2 )(sin x) (Lnx)
u v
dy du dv
v u
dx dx dx
1
= Lnx[2x sin x x 2 cos x] (x 2 sin x)
x
dv 1
v Lnx
dx x
u (x 2 )(sin x)
P Q
du dP dQ
Q P
dx dx dx
(sin x)(2x) x 2 (cos x)
du
2sin x x 2 cos x
dx
11. (A)
x2 1 u du
y 2x
x 1 v dx
dv
1
dx
du dv
v u
dy
dx dx
dx 2
v
Solve further
12. (D)
4 3
v r
3
dV 4 2
3r 4r 2
dr 3
13. (D)
xy = c2
c2
y y c2 (x)1
x
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dy C 2
c2 (1)(x)11
dx x2
dy 1
(xy)
dx x 2
y
=
x
14. (B)
1
y (2x 1) 1/2
2x 1
Let P = 2x +1 , y (P) 1/ 2
dP dy 1 1
2, (P)1/2 1
dx dP 2 2 P3/2
dy dy dP 1 1 1
2
dx dP dx 2 P3/2
P3/2 2x 13/2
15. (B)
x = at2,y = 2at
dx dy
2at, 2a
dt dt
dy dy / dt 2a 1
dx dx / dt 2at t
16. (A)
x dx (x)1/5 x
5
1
1
[x]5 5
C = (x)6/5 c
1 6
1
5
17. (C)
1 2
(ax b)2 dx (ax b) dx
18. (A)
sin x cos xdx
dP
Let P = sinx cos x dP cos xdx
dx
P2
sin x cos xdx P dP C'
2
But options are in terms of cos2x, sin2x
So lets convert sin2x into cos2x
1 cos 2x
cos 2x 1 2sin 2 x sin 2 x
2
1 cos 2x
2 1 cos 2x
c' c'
2 4
cos 2x 1
c ' new const = c
4 4
cos 2x
c
4
19. (B)
x
x 2 a 2 dx
Let P = x2 +a2
dP dP
2x 0 xdx
dx 2
x 1 dP 1 dP
dx
p 2 2 P
2 2
x a
1 1
Ln(p) C Ln(x 2 a 2 ) C
2 2
20. (C)
2
cos xdx [sin x]/2/2
2
sin sin
2 2
=[1 – (-1)] = 2
21. (A)
2
1 cos xdx
0
Half angle formula
22. (D)
(1 x) xdx
xdx x xdx
x 3/ 2
[x]1/2 1 (x) 3/2 1
= C
1 3
1 1
2 2
2 3/2 2 5/2
x x C
3 5
sin 2 x cos 2 x
= sin 2 x cos2 x dx
sin 2 x cos 2 x
dx
24. (A)
1 1
1 ex dx 1
dx
1
ex
1 e x dx
dx ex 1
ex 1
ex
Let p = ex + 1
dP
e x dP e x dx
dx
e x dx dP
x
e 1 P
= Ln(P) C Ln(1 e x ) c
25. (A)
cos ec2 x
1 cot x dx
dP
P 1 cot x 0 [ cos ec2 x]
dx
dP cos ec2 xdx cos ec 2 xdx dp
cos ec2 xdx dP dP
1
1 cot x P P
Ln(P) C Ln(1 cot x) C
26. (B)
Lnx
x dx
dP 1
Let P Lnx
dx x
dx
dP
x
Lnx P2
d dx P dP C
2
27. (A)
/2
[sin x cos x]dx
0
/2 /2
sin x dx cos x dx
0 0
/ 2
[ cos x]0 [sin x]0 / 2
cos 2 ( cos 0) 2 sin 0
= 0 + 1 +(1) -0
=2
28. (A)
x
e dx
0
dP
P x 1 dx dP
dx
x
e dx e (dP) e pdP
P
0 0 0
eP [e x ]
0 0
0
[e e ]
1 1
e e0
1
1 1
1
1
1. 0.320 π cm2 / s
dr
0.05cm / s
dt
A r 2
dA
()(2r) 2r
dr
dA dA dr
(2r)(0.05)
dt dr dt
= 0.1r 0.01 3.2
0.32
2. 900 cm3 /s
dl
3cm / s
dt
dV
v 3 3 2
d
dv dv d
3 2 3
dt d dt
= 9 2 9(10)2
=900 cm3
1
3. cm / s
π
dv
300cm3 / s
dt
dr
?
dt
4
V r3
3
dV 4
( 3 r 2 ) 4r 2
dr 3
dV dV dr
dt dr dt
dr
300 4r 2
dt
dr 900 900 60 4
dt 4(r 15) 2 4 15 15
dr 1
cm / s
dt
Ladder = 5cm
T
VT=?
O >
B
VB=2cm/s
x=4m
x 2 y 2 52
y2 25 x 2 y 25 x 2
Let P 25 x 2 y p (P)1/ 2
dP dy 1
0 2x, (P)1/2
dx dP 2
= - 2x
dy dy dP 1
(P) 1/ 2 ( 2 x)
dx dP dx 2
dy x x
dx 1/2
(P) 25 x 2
x
dy dx
2
25 x
dy x dx
dt 25 x 2 dt
dy
VT * Rate of change of y
dt
dx
VB * Rate of change of x
dt
x
VT VB
25 x 2
(4)
(2)
2
25 (4)
8 8
VT -ve indicates that VT is –ve and it should be as y is sing
9 3
5
6. km h
2
Lamp
Vm= 5km/hr
6m
2m
x2 Shadow =x1
6 2
tan 3x1 x1 x 2
x1 x 2 x1
2x1 x 2
d(x 2 )
2
d(x1 )
dx 2 dx
dx 2 2dx1 2 1
dt dt
dx 2 dx
Vm 5 2 1 Vshadow
dt dt
5
Vshadow
2
8. 3 cm
Box Base = square of length 18 2
ht = l
Volume (V) (18 2 ) 2 ( )
[324 4 2 72 ]( )
V = 4 3 72 2 324
dV
S 1 4(3 2 ) 72(2 ) 324
d
12 2 144 324
dv
S -2 12 2 144 324 0
d
12[ 2 12 27] 0
2 12 27 0
2
9 3 27 0
( 9) 3( 9)
( 9)( 3) 0
3 or 9
d2v
S–3 24( ) 144 24 144
d 2
d2v
S – 4 for 3 24(3) 144 72 0
dQ 2
3 maxima
d2v
(ii) For g 24(9) 144 216 144 =72> 0
d 2
9 minima
R
R
b
2
b 2 (2R) 2
2
b2 4R 2
4R 2 b 2
Area = b
A 4R 2 b 2 b
dA d 4R 2 b 2 d(b)
S–1 b 4R 2 b 2
dB db db
dA b
b 4R 2 b 2 (1)
db 4R 2 b2
dA
S–2 0
dB
dA b2
4R 2 b 2 0
dB 2
4R b 2
2 2 b2
4R b
4R 2 b 2
4R 2 b 2 4R 2 b 2 b 2
4R 2 b2 b2
4R 2 2b 2 or b R 2
2
As 4R 2 b2 4R 2 2R
4R 2 2R 2
R 2
Area is maximum b R 2
10. 44.1 m
V 29.4 9.8t
ds
V 29.4 9.8t 0 29.4 9.8t t 3
dt
EXERCISE # IV
1 4
1. S t 4t 3 16t 2
4
(i) S = 0 according to question
t4
4t 3 16t 2 0
4
t2
t 2 4t 16 0
4
t2
t 2 0 or 4t 16 0
4
t2
t0 ; 2t 2t 16 0
4
t t
t 2 8 2 0
4 4
t
2 (t 8) 0
4
t t
2 0 2 or t 8 or t – 8 =0
4 4
t 8
ds 1
(ii) v ,S t 4 4t 3 16t 2
dt 4
ds 1
(4t 3 ) 4(3t 2 ) 16(2t)
dt 4
v t 3 12t 2 32t
v = 0 t 3 12t 2 32t 0
t[t 2 12t 32] 0
t 0 or t 2 12t 32 0
t 2 8t 4t 32 0
t(t – 8) – 4(t – 8) =0
(t – 8) (t – 4) = 0
t 8 or t 4
kgm 2
0.01815
s2
5. V 3t 2 2t 1
ds
3t 2 2t 1
dt
ds 3 t dt 2 tdt t 0dt
2
10 10 10
t3 t2 t 0 1
3 2
3 0 2 0 0 1 0
= [(10)3 03 ] [(10) 2 02 ] (10) ' (0)]
=1000 + 100+10
=1110
6. V = 9t2 – 8t
ds
9t 2 8t ds 9 t 2dt 8 tdt
dt
3 t 4 t
3 2
S 9 8
3 2
S = [3t 3 ]34 [4t 2 ]34 4th second means 3 to 4
3[(4)3 (3)3 ] 4[(4) 2 (3)2 ]
=3[64 – 27] – 4[16 – 9]
= 3(37) – 4(7)
= 111 – 28 = 83
7. V = 6t2 + 4
ds
6t 2 4 ds 6t 2dt 4dt
dt
ds 6 t dt 4 t 0dt
2
5 5
t3 t 0 1
[S]50 26 4
3 0 0 1 0
S – 0 = 2(53 – 0)+4(5 – 0)
= 2(125) + 20
S = 270
1
8. S s0 v0 t gt 2
2
ds 9
0 v0 (1) (2t)
dt 2
v0 gt
9. x t 4 12t 2 40
(i) at t 2 x = (2)4 – 12(2)2 – 40
= 16 – 48 – 40
= –72
dx
(ii) v 4t 3 12(2t) 0
dt
V = 4t3 – 24t
At t = 2, v = 4(2)3 – 24(2)
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32 48 16
dv
(iii) a 4(3t 2 ) 24
dt
a t 24
At t = 2 a 12(2) 2 24
A = 24