DIFFERENTIAL

EQUATION
(Introduction)
Engr. Anthony T. Reyes
LEARNING COMPETENCIES
1.Classify every differential equations given.
2.Identify the order and degree of the given differential
equations.
3.Distinguish the linearity type of the differential equations
given.
4.Discern the difference between independent and dependent
variables.
5.Solve the given differential equations using the method of
Elimination of Arbitrary Constant/s.
AN OVERVIEW ABOUT DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

➢ It is defined as an equation containing derivatives or differentials of one or more variables.

Examples:

𝑑𝑦
= 𝑒 𝑥 + sin 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑2𝑖 𝑑𝑖 𝑖
𝐿 2 + 𝑅 + = 𝐸𝜔 cos 𝜔𝑡
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝐶
𝑦 ′′ − 2𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 = cos 𝑥
𝜕𝐹 𝜕𝐹
𝑥 +𝑦 = 𝑛𝐹
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 − 2𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑦 = 0 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
CLASSIFICATION OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS – equations that all derivatives are ordinary
derivatives of one or more dependent variables with respect to a single independent variable.
Examples
𝑑𝑦 𝑑 2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑3𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= cos 𝑥 + =𝑦 +𝑥 − 4𝑥𝑦 = 0 𝑦 ′′ − 3𝑦 ′ − 𝑦 = 0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 3 𝑑𝑦

PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS – equations that contain at least one partial

derivative of some dependent variables.
Examples
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕2𝑣 𝜕2𝑣 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑣 𝜕2𝑣 𝜕𝑓 𝜕𝑓
− = 𝑥 − 2𝑦 + =0 +𝑢 =𝑣 𝑥 +𝑦 = 𝑛𝑓
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥 2 𝜕𝑦 2 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
ORDER AND DEGREE OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
ORDER. The order of a differential equation is the exponent of the highest ordered derivative appearing
in the equation.
Examples:

𝑑2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
+ 𝑎 + 𝑘𝑥 = 0 − cos 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 0
𝑑𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥
𝒅𝟐 𝒙 𝒅𝒚
2nd order, by 1st order, by
𝒅𝒕𝟐 𝒅𝒙

3
𝑑2𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝜕2𝑣 𝜕2𝑣
+ +𝑦 =𝑎 + =0
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 𝜕𝑥 2 𝜕𝑦 2
𝒅𝟐 𝒚
2nd order, by 2nd order
𝒅𝒙𝟐
ORDER AND DEGREE OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
DEGREE. The degree of the differential equation which can be written as a polynomial in the unknown
functions and its derivatives is the power to which the highest derivative is raised.
Examples:

𝑑2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑2𝑤
3
𝑑𝑤
+ 𝑎 + 𝑘𝑥 = 0 − 𝑥𝑦 +𝑤 =0
𝑑𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
𝟏
𝒅𝟐 𝒙
1st degree, by 𝒅𝟐 𝒘
𝟑
𝒅𝒕𝟐
3rd degree, by 𝒅𝒙𝟐

𝑦′′ 2 − 3𝑦 ′ − 𝑦 = 0 3
𝑑2𝑦 𝑑𝑦
+ +𝑦=0
2nd degree, by 𝒚′′ 𝟐 𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
𝟏
𝒅𝟐 𝒚
1st degree, by 𝒅𝒙𝟐
LINEARITY OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION
A differential equation is linear in a set of one or more of its dependent variables if and only if
each term of the equation which contains a variable of the set or any of their derivatives is of the first
degree in those variables and their derivatives.
A differential equation that is not linear in some dependent variable is said to be non-linear in
that variable. A differential equation that is not linear in the set of all of the dependent variables is simply
said to be a non-linear differential equation.
Examples: 𝑦 ′′ − 𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 = 0 DV – y & IV – x; linear differential equation

𝑦 ′′ + 5𝑦𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 = cos 𝑥 DV – y & IV – x; non-linear differential equation, by 𝟓𝒚𝒚′

𝑦 ′′ + 4𝑥𝑦 ′ + 2𝑦 = 0 DV – y & IV – x; linear differential equation

𝜕 2 𝑢 𝜕𝑣
+ +𝑢+𝑣 =0 DV – u,v & IV – x,t; linear differential equation
𝜕𝑥 2 𝜕𝑡
2 2
𝑦′ +𝑦 =𝑘 DV – y & IV – x; non-linear differential equation, by 𝑦′
 SAMPLE EQUATION:
For each of the following; (a) classify as an ordinary differential equation (ODE) or a partial differential equation
(PDE), (b) give the order, (c) give the degree, (d) identify the dependent and independent variable/s, and (e) indicate
if linear equation.

𝐝2 𝐱 𝛅2 𝐰 2
𝛅 𝐰
1. + 𝐤2𝐱 =0 2. = 𝐚2 2
𝐝𝐭 2 𝛅𝐭 2 𝛅𝐱

A. Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE) A. Partial Differential Equation (PDE)

𝑑2 𝑥 𝛿2𝑤 𝛿2𝑤
B. 2nd order, B. 2nd order, ,
𝑑𝑡 2 𝛿𝑡 2 𝛿𝑥 2

1 1 1
𝑑2 𝑥 𝛿2𝑤 𝛿2𝑤
C. 1st degree, C. 1st degree, ,
𝑑𝑡 2 𝛿𝑡 2 𝛿𝑥 2

D. Dependent – x; Independent – t D. Dependent – w; Independent – t & x

E. Linear E. Linear in x & t

 SAMPLE EQUATION:
For each of the following; (a) classify as an ordinary differential equation (ODE) or a partial differential equation
(PDE), (b) give the order, (c) give the degree, (d) identify the dependent and independent variable/s, and (e) indicate
if linear equation.
3. 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐲 𝟐 𝐝𝐱 + 𝟐𝐱𝐲𝐝𝐲 = 𝟎 4. 𝐲 ′ + 𝐏 𝐱 𝐲 = 𝐐 𝐱
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
Solution: 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = 0 Solution: +𝑃 𝑥 𝑦 =𝑄 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
or 𝑥 +2
𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 + 2𝑥𝑦 = 0 or 1 + 𝑃 𝑥 𝑦 =𝑄 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦

A. Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE) A. Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE)

𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
B. 1st order, 𝑜𝑟 B. 1st order, 𝑜𝑟
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦

𝑑𝑥 1 𝑑𝑦 1 𝑑𝑦 1 𝑑𝑥 1
C. 1st degree, 𝑜𝑟 C. 1st degree, 𝑜𝑟
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦

D. Either variable (x or y), Dependent or Independent D. Either variable (x or y), Dependent or Independent

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
E. Non-linear in x & y, 2𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦 E. Linear in y; Non-linear in x, 𝑃 𝑥 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑜𝑟 𝑄 𝑥 𝑑𝑦
 SAMPLE EQUATION:
For each of the following; (a) classify as an ordinary differential equation (ODE) or a partial differential equation
(PDE), (b) give the order, (c) give the degree, (d) identify the dependent and independent variable/s, and (e) indicate
if linear equation.

5. 𝐲 ′′′ − 𝟑𝐲 ′ + 𝟐𝐲 = 𝟎

A. Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE)

B. 3rd order, 𝑦 ′′′

C. 1st degree, 𝑦 ′′′ 1

D. Dependent – y; Independent – x

E. Linear
SOLUTION OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

ELIMINATION OF ARBITRARY CONSTANT/S

Arbitrary Constant – a symbol to which various values may be assigned but
which remains unaffected by the changes in the values of the equation.
Solution:
1. Identify the number of the arbitrary constant in the equation.
2. Differentiate the equation based on the identified number of arbitrary
constant/s. (i.e. 1 arbitrary = 1st derivative, 2 arbitrary = 2nd derivative, and so
on.)
3. Simplify the equation until the arbitrary constant/s is eliminated.
ELIMINATION OF ARBITRARY CONSTANT/S
EXAMPLES:

1. 𝐱 𝟑 − 𝟑𝐱 𝟐 𝐲 = 𝐜
✓ “c” is the arbitrary constant (1 arbitrary)
✓ Obtain 1st derivative
Solution: 3𝑥 2 − 6𝑥𝑦 + 3𝑥 2 𝑦 ′ = 0

𝑑𝑦
✓ Simplify (Note: 𝑦 ′ = 𝑑𝑥 )

Solution: 𝑑𝑦
3𝑥 2 − 6𝑥𝑦 − 3𝑥 2 =0
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 ANSWER:
3𝑥 2 − 6𝑥𝑦 − 3𝑥 2 = 0 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥

3𝑥 2 − 6𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑥 − 3𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦 = 0 𝒙 − 𝟐𝒚 𝒅𝒙 − 𝒙𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎
3𝑥 2 − 6𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑥 − 3𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦 = 0
3𝑥
𝑥 − 2𝑦 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 0
ELIMINATION OF ARBITRARY CONSTANT/S
EXAMPLES:

2. 𝐲 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐱 − 𝐱𝐲 𝟐 = 𝐜
✓ “c” is the arbitrary constant (1 arbitrary)
✓ Obtain 1st derivative
Solution: 𝑦 cos 𝑥 + 𝑦′ sin 𝑥 − 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥𝑦𝑦′ = 0

𝑑𝑦
✓ Simplify (Note: 𝑦 ′ = 𝑑𝑥 )

Solution: 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑦 cos 𝑥 + sin 𝑥 − 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 =0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 2
𝑑𝑦
𝑦 cos 𝑥 + sin 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2𝑥𝑦 = 0 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑦 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑦 − 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 − 2𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑦 = 0
ANSWER:
𝑦 cos 𝑥 − 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 + sin 𝑥 − 2𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 0

𝑦 cos 𝑥 − 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + sin 𝑥 − 2𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 0 𝒚 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 − 𝒚 𝒅𝒙 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 − 𝟐𝒙𝒚 𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎

ELIMINATION OF ARBITRARY CONSTANT/S
EXAMPLES:
𝟐 𝑥 2𝑦 − 1
3. 𝐱 𝐲 = 𝟏 + 𝐜𝐱 𝑥 2 𝑦 − 1 = 𝑐𝑥 𝑐=
𝑥
✓ “c” is the arbitrary constant (1 arbitrary)
✓ Obtain 1st derivative
2 ′ 𝑥 2𝑦 − 1
Solution: 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑐 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥 2𝑦′ =
𝑥
𝑑𝑦
✓ Simplify (Note: 𝑦 ′ = 𝑑𝑥 )

Solution: 𝑑𝑦
2𝑥 2 𝑦+ 𝑥3 = 𝑥 2𝑦 − 1
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 ANSWER:
2𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑥 3 = 𝑥 2 𝑦 − 1 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥
2𝑥 2 𝑦𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑥 2 𝑦 − 1 𝑑𝑥 𝒙𝟐 𝒚 + 𝟏 𝒅𝒙 + 𝒙𝟑 𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎
2𝑥 2 𝑦𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥 2 𝑦 − 1 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑦 = 0

𝑥 2 𝑦 + 1 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑦 = 0
ELIMINATION OF ARBITRARY CONSTANT/S
EXAMPLES:

4. 𝐱 = 𝐂𝟏 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟑𝐭 + 𝐂𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟑𝐭
✓ “𝐶1 & 𝐶2 ” are the arbitrary constants (2 arbitraries)
✓ Obtain 2nd derivative
𝑑𝑥
Solution: 1st derivative = −3𝐶1 sin 3𝑡 + 3𝐶2 cos 3𝑡
𝑑𝑡
𝑑2𝑥
2nd derivative = −9𝐶1 cos 3𝑡 − 9𝐶2 sin 3𝑡
𝑑𝑡 2
✓ Simplify
𝑑2𝑥
Solution: = −9 𝐶1 cos 3𝑡 + 𝐶2 sin 3𝑡
𝑑𝑡 2 ANSWER:
𝑑2𝑥
= −9 𝑥
𝑑𝑡 2 𝒅𝟐 𝒙
𝟐
+ 𝟗𝒙 = 𝟎
𝒅𝒕
ELIMINATION OF ARBITRARY CONSTANT/S
EXAMPLES:

5. 𝐲 = 𝐜𝐱 + 𝐜 𝟐 + 𝟏
✓ “c” is the arbitrary constant (1 arbitrary)
✓ Obtain 1st derivative
Solution: 𝑦′ = 𝑐

✓ Simplify
Solution: ANSWER:
2
𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑦′ + 𝑦′ +1
𝒚 = 𝒙 𝒚′ + 𝒚′ 𝟐 +𝟏
ELIMINATION OF ARBITRARY CONSTANT/S
EXAMPLES:

6. 𝐲 𝟐 = 𝟒𝐚𝐱
✓ “a” is the arbitrary constant (1 arbitrary)
✓ Obtain 1st derivative
Solution:
2𝑦𝑦 ′ = 4𝑎
✓ Simplify
Solution: 𝑦 2 = 2𝑦𝑦′ 𝑥
𝑑𝑦
(𝑦 ′ = 𝑑𝑥 ) ANSWER:
𝑑𝑦
𝑦2 = 2𝑦 𝑥 𝒚𝒅𝒙 − 𝟐𝒙 𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
𝑦2 = 2𝑦 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑦

𝑦𝑑𝑥 − 2𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = 0
ELIMINATION OF ARBITRARY CONSTANT/S
EXAMPLES:

7. 𝐲 = 𝐚𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐛𝐱 + 𝐜
✓ “a, b & c” are the arbitrary constants (3 arbitraries)

✓ Obtain 3rd derivative

Solution: 1st derivative 𝑦 ′ = 2𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏

2nd derivative 𝑦 ′′ = 2𝑎

3rd derivative 𝑦′′′ = 0

ANSWER:

𝒚′′′ = 𝟎
ELIMINATION OF ARBITRARY CONSTANT/S
EXAMPLES:

8. 𝐲 = 𝐜𝟏 + 𝐜𝟐 𝐞𝟑𝐱
✓ “𝑐1 & 𝑐2 ” are the arbitrary constants (2 arbitraries)
✓ Obtain 2nd derivative
Solution: 1st derivative 𝑦 ′ = 3𝑐2 𝑒 3𝑥
2nd derivative y′′ = 9𝑐2 𝑒 3𝑥

✓ Simplify
Solution: 𝑦′′ = 3 3𝑐2 𝑒 3𝑥 ANSWER:
𝑦′′ = 3 𝑦′
𝒚′′ − 𝟑𝒚′ = 𝟎
𝑦 ′′ − 3𝑦 ′ = 0
ELIMINATION OF ARBITRARY CONSTANT/S
EXAMPLES:

9. 𝐲 = 𝐜𝟏 𝐞𝐱 + 𝐜𝟐 𝐞−𝐱
✓ “𝑐1 & 𝑐2 ” are the arbitrary constants (2 arbitraries)
✓ Obtain 2nd derivative
Solution: 1st derivative 𝑦 ′ = 𝑐1 𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑐2 𝑒 −𝑥

2nd derivative 𝑦′′ = 𝑐1 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑒 −𝑥

✓ Simplify
Solution: 𝑦 ′′ = 𝑦

𝑦 ′′ − 𝑦 = 0
ANSWER:

𝒚′′ − 𝒚 = 𝟎
ELIMINATION OF ARBITRARY CONSTANT/S
EXAMPLES:

10. 𝐲 = 𝐜𝟏 𝐞𝟐𝐱 + 𝐜𝟐 𝐞𝟑𝐱

✓ “𝑐1 & 𝑐2 ” are the arbitrary constants (2 arbitraries)
✓ Obtain 2nd derivative
Solution: 1st derivative 𝑦 ′ = 2𝑐1 𝑒 2𝑥 + 3𝑐2 𝑒 3𝑥
2nd derivative 𝑦′′ = 4𝑐1 𝑒 2𝑥 + 9𝑐2 𝑒 3𝑥
✓ Simplify
Solution: 3 𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑒 2𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑒 3𝑥 3 𝑦 ′ = 2𝑐1 𝑒 2𝑥 + 3𝑐2 𝑒 3𝑥 2 3𝑦 − 𝑦′ = 𝑐1 𝑒 2𝑥
3𝑦 = 3𝑐1 𝑒 2𝑥 + 3𝑐2 𝑒 3𝑥 3𝑦 ′ = 6𝑐1 𝑒 2𝑥 + 9𝑐2 𝑒 3𝑥 6𝑦 − 2𝑦′ = 2𝑐1 𝑒 2𝑥
− 𝑦 ′ = 2𝑐1 𝑒 2𝑥 + 3𝑐2 𝑒 3𝑥 − 𝑦′′ = 4𝑐1 𝑒 2𝑥 + 9𝑐2 𝑒 3𝑥 − 3𝑦 ′ − 𝑦′′ = 2𝑐1 𝑒 2𝑥

𝟑𝒚 − 𝒚′ = 𝒄𝟏 𝒆𝟐𝒙 𝟑𝒚′ − 𝒚′′ = 𝟐𝒄𝟏 𝒆𝟐𝒙 𝟔𝒚 − 𝟐𝒚′ − 𝟑𝒚′ − 𝒚′′ = 𝟎

𝟔𝒚 − 𝟐𝒚′ − 𝟑𝒚′ + 𝒚′′ = 𝟎

𝟔𝒚 − 𝟓𝒚′ + 𝒚′′ = 𝟎 𝒚′′ − 𝟓𝒚′ + 𝟔𝒚 = 𝟎 ANSWER: 𝒚′′ − 𝟓𝒚′ + 𝟔𝒚 = 𝟎

ELIMINATION OF ARBITRARY CONSTANT/S
EXERCISES:

𝒚 = 𝑨 + 𝑩𝒙 + 𝑪𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙𝟑 ANSWER: 𝒚′′′ = 𝟏𝟐

Solution:

1st: 𝑦 ′ = 𝐵 + 2𝐶𝑥 + 6𝑥 2

2nd: 𝑦 ′′ = 2𝐶 + 12𝑥

3rd: 𝑦′′′ = 12

𝑦′′′ = 12 or 𝑦 ′′′ − 12 = 0
ELIMINATION OF ARBITRARY CONSTANT/S
EXERCISES:

𝒚 = 𝑪𝟏 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 + 𝑪𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 ANSWER: 𝒚′′ + 𝒚 = 𝟎

Solution:

1st: 𝑦 ′ = −𝐶1 sin 𝑥 + 𝐶2 cos 𝑥

2nd: 𝑦 ′′ = −𝐶1 cos 𝑥 − 𝐶2 sin 𝑥

𝑦 ′′ + 𝑦 = 0
𝑦 ′′ = − 𝐶1 cos 𝑥 + 𝐶2 sin 𝑥

𝑦 ′′ = − 𝑦
 ELIMINATION OF ARBITRARY CONSTANT/S
EXERCISES:

𝒍𝒏 𝒚 = 𝑨𝒙𝟐 + 𝑩 ANSWER: 𝒙𝒚𝒚′′ − 𝒙 𝒚′ 𝟐 − 𝒚𝒚′ = 𝟎

Solution:
1 𝑦′ 𝑦𝑦 ′′ − 𝑦′ 𝑦′
𝑦′ = 2𝐴𝑥 = 𝑥
𝑦 𝑦 𝑦2
𝑦′ 𝑦𝑦 ′′ − 𝑦′ 𝑦′
= 2𝐴𝑥 𝑦′ = 𝑥
𝑦 𝑦
𝑦𝑦 ′′ − 𝑦′ 𝑦′ 𝑥𝑦𝑦 ′′ − 𝑥 𝑦 ′ 2 − 𝑦𝑦 ′ = 0
2
= 2𝐴 𝑦𝑦′ = 𝑦𝑦 ′′ − 𝑦′ 𝑦′ 𝑥
𝑦
𝑦𝑦′ = 𝑥𝑦𝑦 ′′ − 𝑥 𝑦′ 2
ELIMINATION OF ARBITRARY CONSTANT/S
EXERCISES:

𝒚 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 + 𝑨 ANSWER: 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒚′ 𝟐 =𝟏

Solution:
𝑦 ′ = cos 𝑥 + 𝐴 𝑅𝐸𝐶𝐴𝐿𝐿:
sin2 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃 = 1
𝑦′ 2 = cos 𝑥 + 𝐴 2

𝑦 = sin 𝑥 + 𝐴 𝑦 2 = sin 𝑥 + 𝐴 2

𝑦 2 = sin 𝑥 + 𝐴 2 + 𝑦′ 2 = cos 𝑥 + 𝐴 2

𝑦 2 + 𝑦′ 2 = sin 𝑥 + 𝐴 2 + cos 𝑥 + 𝐴 2

𝑦 2 + 𝑦′ 2 =1
THANK YOU
and
GOD BLESS