Name _____________________________ Class _________________ Date __________________

Social Structure Guided Reading Section 3

READING THE SECTION

DIRECTIONS Read each sentence and fill in the blank with the correct
word or phrase.

1. Sociologists tend to classify societies according to subsistence strategies, or the ways

societies use technology to provide for the needs of their members. (division of
labor/subsistence strategies)

2. Because people in preindustrial societies often share the same values and perform the

same tasks they are said to be held together by mechanical solidarity. (mechanical

solidarity/organic solidarity)

3. As agricultural societies develop, they abandon barter for money. (barter/subsistence

strategies)

4. In sociological terms, a(n) group is a set of people who interact on the basis of shared
expectations and who possess some degree of common identity. (group/industrial
society)

5. In a preindustrial society, food production is the main economic activity.

(Gesellschaft/preindustrial society)

6. The specialization by individuals or groups in the performance of specific economic

activities is called the division of labor. (division of labor/ subsistence strategy)

DIRECTIONS Write three words or phrases to describe each term given.

7. industrial society : a society driven by the use of technology and machinery to enable
mass production,

8. post industrial society: society marked by a transition from a manufacturing-based

economy to a service-based economy

9. organic solidarity: a social cohesion based upon the interdependence

10. Gemeinschaft: social relations between individuals, based on close personal and family
ties; community.

11. Gesellschaft: social relations based on impersonal ties, such as duty to a society or
organization.
Original content Copyright © by Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Chapter 3 23
Reading and Activity Workbook
Name _____________________________ Class _________________ Date __________________
Section 3 continued Guided Reading

POST-READING QUICK CHECK

DIRECTIONS Look at each set of four terms. On the line provided, write the
letter of the term that does not relate to the others.

_____ 12. a. hunter-gatherer b. _____ 14. a. barter

industrial b. manufactured goods
c. pastoral c. machine-based production
d. agricultural d. urbanization

_____ 13. a. impersonal relationships b. _____ 15. a. information and services b.

modern urban society factories
c. group solidarity c. high standard of living
d. weak traditional values d. science and education

DIRECTIONS On the line provided before each statement, write T if a

statement is true and F if a statement is false. If the statement is false, write
the correct term on the line after each sentence that makes the sentence a true
statement.

T 16. In pastoral societies, food surpluses allow for the division of labor.

______________________________________________________________

F 17. In a Gesellschaft, relationships are close, and activities center on family and
community.

In a Gesellschaft relationships are based on needs, and everyone focuses on themselves.

F 18. In a society held together by mechanical solidarity, relationships are based on

need rather than on values.

T 19. The largest and most complex groups that sociologists study are societies.

______________________________________________________________

__F___ 20. The classification of societies as preindustrial, industrial, and postindustrial

mainly indicates each society’s division of labor.