Mary Grace M.

Ebon 11-STEM
Raymundo A. Gumop-as III
Jana Marie T. Mandawe

1. A.I. from Concrete to Abstract

Author: Rubens Lacerda Queiroz, Fábio Ferrentini Sampaio, Cabral Lima and Priscila Machado
Vieira Lima (2021, AI & Society)

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been adopted in a wide range of domains. This shows the imperative
need to contribute to making citizens insightful actors in debates and decisions involving the adoption of
AI mechanisms. Currently, existing approaches to the teaching of basic AI concepts through
programming treat machine intelligence as an external element/module. After being trained, that external
module is coupled to the main application. Combining block-based programming and WiSARD
weightless artificial neural networks, this article presents the conceptualization and design of a new
methodology, AI from concrete to abstract (AIcon2abs), to endow general people (including children) with
a minimum understanding of what AI means. The main strategy adopted was to include AI training and
classification primitives as blocks that compose an otherwise conventional computer program. This way,
the programmer can use these blocks as he/she uses other programming constructs. In order to achieve
this purpose, we also propose BlockWiSARD, a block-based programming environment designed to
promote the demystification of artificial intelligence via practical activities related to the development of
learning machines, as well as through the observation of their learning process. As a beneficial side
effect of BlockWiSARD, the difference between a program capable of learning from data and a
conventional computer program becomes more evident. In addition, the simplicity of the WiSARD
weightless artificial neural network model enables easy visualization and understanding of training and
classification tasks internal realization.

2. Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Human Life

Author: Mohd Meraj Ahemad (2020, Middle East Journal of Applied Science & Technology
(MEJAST))

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has revolutionized in information technology. AI is a subfield of computer

science that includes the creation of intelligent machines and software that work and react like human
beings. AI and its Applications gets used in various fields of life of humans as expert system solve the
complex problems in various areas as science, engineering, business, medicine, video games and
Advertising. But “Do any traffic lights use Artificial Intelligence??” I thought a lot of this when waiting in a
red light. This paper gives an overview of Artificial Intelligence and its applications used in human life.
This will explore the current use of Artificial Intelligence technologies in Network Intrusion for protecting
computer and communication networks from intruders, in the medical area-medicine, to improve hospital
inpatient care, for medical image classification, in the accounting databases to mitigate the problems of
it, in the computer games, and in Advertising. Also, it will show artificial intelligence principle and how
they were applying in traffic signal control, how they solve some traffic problem in actual. This paper
gives an introduction to a self-learning system based on RBF neural network and how the system can
simulate the traffic police’s experience. This paper is focusing on how to evaluate the effect of the control
with the changing of the traffic and adjust the signal with the different techniques of Artificial Intelligence.

3. Peeking Inside the Black-Box: A Survey on Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)

Author: Amina Adadi and Mohammed Berrada (2018, IEEE)

Abstract

At the dawn of the fourth industrial revolution, we are witnessing a fast and widespread adoption
of artificial intelligence (AI) in our daily life, which contributes to accelerating the shift towards a more
algorithmic society. However, even with such unprecedented advancements, a key impediment to the
use of AI-based systems is that they often lack transparency. Indeed, the black-box nature of these
systems allows powerful predictions, but it cannot be directly explained. This issue has triggered a new
debate on explainable AI (XAI). A research field holds substantial promise for improving trust and
transparency of AI-based systems. It is recognized as the sine qua non for AI to continue making steady
progress without disruption. This survey provides an entry point for interested researchers and
practitioners to learn key aspects of the young and rapidly growing body of research related to XAI.
Through the lens of the literature, we review the existing approaches regarding the topic, discuss trends
surrounding its sphere, and present major research trajectories.
 4. Artificial Intelligence and Fake News
Author: Fadia Hussein (2023, Arab Association for Research & Communication Sciences)

Abstract

Artificial intelligence depends on digital devices' performance to perform tasks regularly, requiring
human intelligence, using special software to accomplish work easier and faster, carrying out data-
packed tasks, and providing useful analytics or solutions. It also requires a specialized laboratory that
provides high-performance computing capabilities and a technical platform for deep machine learning.
These resources will enable the artificial intelligence platform to master the machine learning techniques
of using, developing, simulating, predicting models, and building ready-to-use technological solutions
such as analytics platforms. In general, the artificial intelligence system manipulates and manages large
amounts of training data to form correlations and patterns used in building future predictions. A limited-
memory artificial intelligence system can store a limited amount of information based on the data that
have been processed and dealt with previously to build knowledge by memory when combined with pre-
programmed data. Consequently, one may ask how artificial intelligence applications contribute to
verifying the truthfulness of the media through digital media. How do they contribute to preventing the
spread of misleading and false news? This study tries to answer the following question: What methods
and tools are adopted by artificial intelligence to detect fake news, especially on social media platforms
and depending on artificial intelligence laboratories? This paper is framed within automation control
theory and by defining the needed control tools and programs to detect fake news and verify media facts.

5. Ethical Aspects of Artificial Intelligence Functioning in the 21st Century

Author: Vira Dodoniva, Roman Dodonov and Kateryna Gorbenko (2023, STUDIA UBB.
PHILOSOPHIA)

Abstract

"The article is devoted to the ethical aspects of artificial intelligence functioning. The problem of
the safe coexistence of man and artificial intelligence is taking on increasing importance. The definition of
artificial intelligence and the explanation of the difference between weak, strong artificial intelligence and
super-intelligence are given. The first ethical problem of artificial intelligence functioning is the existential
question of human redundancy due to the spread of artificial intelligence. The article emphasizes that
artificial intelligence, on the one hand, frees a person from certain areas of activity, facilitating their
existence, on the other hand, it makes them superfluous in production and in personal life. The second is
the problem of responsibility for the actions of artificial intelligence. The article argues for the necessity of
human responsibility for the actions of artificial intelligence because artificial intelligence does not have
consciousness. The third problem is the intensification of the phenomenon of stupidity in society. Artificial
intelligence creates the conditions for the increasing cleverness of some segments of the population and
stupidity of others, which can result in even greater mental and property inequality. Keywords:
intelligence, artificial intelligence, ethics, responsibility, legal responsibility, human existential state,
problem of redundancy, stupidity. "

6. Managing Artificial Intelligence

Author: Nicholas Berente, Bin Gu, Jan Recker and Radhika Santhanam (2021, MIS Quarterly)

Abstract

Managing artificial intelligence (AI) marks the dawn of a new age of information technology
management. Managing AI involves communicating, leading, coordinating, and controlling an ever-
evolving frontier of computational advancements that references human intelligence in addressing ever
more complex decision-making problems. It means making decisions about three related, interdependent
facets of AI—autonomy, learning, and inscrutability—in the ongoing quest to push the frontiers of
performance and scope of AI. We demonstrate how the frontiers of AI have shifted with time, and explain
how the seven exemplar studies included in this special issue are helping us learn about management at
the frontiers of AI. We close by speculating about future frontiers in managing AI and what role
information systems scholarship has in exploring and shaping this future.
 7. The Regulation of Artificial Intelligence
Author: Giusella Finocchiaro (2023, AI & Society)

Abstract

Before embarking on a discussion of the regulation of artificial intelligence (AI), it is first

necessary to define the subject matter regulated. Defining artificial intelligence is a difficult endeavour,
and many definitions have been proposed over the years. Although more than 70 years have passed
since it was adopted, the most convincing definition is still nonetheless that proposed by Turing; in any
case, it is important to be mindful of the risk of anthropomorphising artificial intelligence, which may arise
in particular from its very definition. Once we have established the subject matter regulated, we must ask
ourselves whether lawmakers should pursue an approach that seeks to regulate artificial intelligence as
a whole, or whether by contrast they should regulate applications of artificial intelligence in specific
sectors or individual areas. The proposal for a regulation on artificial intelligence published on 21 April
2021 implements the former approach whilst also pursuing geopolitical goals. After providing an initial
overview of the notion of artificial intelligence, this article investigates the geopolitical context to the
proposal for a regulation, and then goes on to illustrate the regulatory model embraced by the proposal
as well as related critical aspects.

8. Education AI Literacy in K-12: A systematic Literature Review

Author: Lorena Casal-Otero, Alejandro Catala, Carmen Fernández-Morante, Maria Taboada,
Beatriz Cebreiro, and Senén Barro (2023, International Journal of STEM Education)

Abstract

The successful irruption of AI-based technology in our daily lives has led to a growing
educational, social, and political interest in training citizens in AI. Education systems now need to train
students at the K-12 level to live in a society where they must interact with AI. Thus, AI literacy is a
pedagogical and cognitive challenge at the K-12 level. This study aimed to understand how AI is being
integrated into K-12 education worldwide. We conducted a search process following the systematic
literature review method using Scopus. 179 documents were reviewed, and two broad groups of AI
literacy approaches were identified, namely learning experience and theoretical perspective. The first
group covered experiences in learning technical, conceptual and applied skills in a particular domain of
interest. The second group revealed that significant efforts are being made to design models that frame
AI literacy proposals. There were hardly any experiences that assessed whether students understood AI
concepts after the learning experience. Little attention has been paid to the undesirable consequences of
an indiscriminate and insufficiently thought-out application of AI. A competency framework is required to
guide the didactic proposals designed by educational institutions and define a curriculum reflecting the
sequence and academic continuity, which should be modular, personalized and adjusted to the
conditions of the schools. Finally, AI literacy can be leveraged to enhance the learning of disciplinary
core subjects by integrating AI into the teaching process of those subjects, provided the curriculum is co-
designed with teachers.

9. Role of AI in Education
Author: Alexandara Harry (2023, Injuruty: Interdiciplinary Journal and Humanity)

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to revolutionize the way we learn and teach, making it
more personalized, engaging, and efficient. AI in education refers to the use of artificial intelligence
technologies, such as machine learning and natural language processing, to enhance the learning
experience. It involves the use of algorithms that analyze data, identify patterns, and make predictions,
enabling educators to personalize learning for each student. The potential benefits of using AI in
education are significant. Personalized learning, one of the most significant advantages of AI in
education, can lead to better student outcomes, as students can learn at their own pace and in a way
that suits their learning style. Intelligent tutoring systems, chatbots, and automated grading and
assessment can increase efficiency, save teachers' time, and provide more accurate and consistent
feedback. However, there are also challenges associated with using AI in education. Privacy and security
concerns, lack of trust, cost, and potential bias are some of the challenges that need to be addressed.
Ethical considerations such as ensuring accessibility, transparency, and fairness in AI-based education
systems also need to be taken into account. Despite these challenges, the potential of AI in education is
immense. AI can provide better data analysis, enabling educators to make data-driven decisions. In this
review we described role of AI in management, promotion of education which describe the effect of AI in
education sector.
 10. AI Ethics as Subordinated Innovation Network
Author: James Steinho (2023, AI & Society)

Abstract

AI ethics is proposed, by the Big Tech companies which lead AI research and development, as
the cure for diverse social problems posed by the commercialization of data-intensive technologies. It
aims to reconcile capitalist AI production with ethics. However, AI ethics is itself now the subject of wide
criticism; most notably, it is accused of being no more than “ethics washing” a cynical means of
dissimulation for Big Tech, while it continues its business operations unchanged. This paper aims to
critically assess, and go beyond the ethics washing thesis. I argue that AI ethics is indeed ethics
washing, but not only that. It has a more significant economic function for Big Tech. To make this
argument I draw on the theory of intellectual monopoly capital. I argue that ethics washing is better
understood as a subordinated innovation network: a dispersed network of contributors beyond Big Tech’s
formal employment whose research is indirectly planned by Big Tech, which also appropriates its results.
These results are not intended to render AI more ethical, but rather to advance the business processes
of data-intensive capital. Because the parameters of AI ethics are indirectly set in advance by Big tech,
the ostensible goal that AI ethics sets for itself—to resolve the contradiction between business and ethics
—is in fact insoluble. I demonstrate this via an analysis of the latest trend in AI ethics: the
operationalization of ethical principles.

11. A Survey on AI Implementation in Finance, (Cyber) Insurance and Financial Controlling

Author: Aleksandrina Aleksandrova, Valentina Ninova and Zhelyo Zhelev (2023, Tsenov
Academy of Economics, 5250 Svishtov, Bulgaria)

Abstract

Artificial intelligence is changing the world in unprecedented ways and redefining all areas of
human activity. In recent decades, the development of AI has progressed at an extraordinary pace. This
study examines the scope of implementing AI in the financial sector, insurance, and financial controlling.
The research team focuses on these areas, as the main objective of this review is to provide a
comprehensive walk-through and to fill the gaps in the literature related to AI implementation in finance,
insurance, and financial control from an economic perspective. We provide a comprehensive overview of
AI implementation in finance, insurance, and financial controlling, highlighting crucial issues in that
process and identifying the relationship between the development of these economic sectors and AI. The
authors’ team identifies the trends and main themes in the existing literature in AI-related publications in
finance, insurance, and financial control. We discuss the main advantages and disadvantages of AI
implementation, identified by our research, and also make some suggestions regarding future research
having in mind the interdisciplinary of the topic, the vast development of AI and technologies, and the
increasing demand for AI-based solutions, services and products.

12. Artificial Intelligence as a Tool in Human Research Management

Author: Bilal Ahmad Dar and Bilal Ahmad Dar (2023, Journal of Interdisciplinary Cycle
Research)

Abstract

The motivation behind the paper Artificial Intelligence (artificial intelligence) as a device in Human
Asset The executives (HRM) - Potential and Current is to plan the ongoing information in light of the
distributed logical examinations in the Snare of Science data set. - In view of the methodical hunt, were
chosen fifteen examinations, distributed inside larger part gatherings and chosen credits (year, area,
research techniques, center) that were additionally dissected and contrasted concurring with organization
size and further execution of simulated intelligence, HR-bot in HRM. The result of the work was the
choice of individual headings by years, regions, research area and discoveries in the papers, where the
vast majority of them are centered around simulated intelligence execution in huge organizations and
impression of miniature, little and medium-sized organizations remaining behind. The hunt works with
and gives the understanding in the distributed examinations where miniature, little and medium-sized
organizations stand behind, subsequently the objective of looking at computer-based intelligence, HR-bot
executions in HRM as per the size of the organization was met. he ebbs and flow generally speaking
condition of examination, in any case, is that it is early and dissipated over various trains, and is a long
way from efficiently going with and directing practice. To set off and support such examination, the ebb
and flow handbook consequently targets giving an efficient prologue to explore on computer-based
intelligence in HR. To acquaint perusers with the handbook, the ongoing section expounds on the
rudiments of simulated intelligence in HR and thusly depicts the goals, design, and commitment. We
think about the hole between the commitment and truth of artificial intelligence in human asset the board
and propose how headway may be made. We recognize four difficulties in involving information science
strategies for HR undertakings: 1) intricacy of HR peculiarities, 2) limitations forced by little informational
indexes, 3) responsibility questions related with decency and other moral and lawful requirements, and 4)
potential unfriendly worker responses to the executive’s choices through information-based calculations.
We propose useful reactions to these difficulties and join on three covering standards - causal thinking,
randomization and tests, and representative commitment — that could be both monetarily productive and
socially proper for involving information science in the administration of workers.

13. Artificial Intelligence for Next Generation Wireless Networks

Author: Iranna Ronad (2023, Peer Reviewed & Indexed Journal)

Abstract

Human brain is such a wonderful creation of god. No other object can perform and replace like
human brain. In fact, there is no substitute for human intelligence. As the rule that change is inevitable,
global changes have agitated people. Man is turning to new technologies to solve problems.
Technological revolutions have made our life easier than ever. Artificial intelligence is a branch of
computer science. It has attracted all the scientists in the world towards it. It is making strides in all fields
and has also made its mark. There is no denying the adventures that the world will experience with the
use of artificial intelligence. It is a scientific question whether it is possible for artificial intelligence to work
at par with human intelligence, human mind and consciousness. What is the theory behind artificial
intelligence? How can it give its response to stimuli...? Can he do the assigned work for so much? It
needs to be known practically. A lot of people around the world don't understand about artificial
intelligence due to some misconceptions and lack of technical mindset. It is a comprehensive tool that
improves data analysis Information, integration and decision-making processes.

14. The Forthcoming Artificial Intelligence (AI) Revolution: Its Impact on Society and Firms
Author: Sypros Makridakis (2017, Futures)

Abstract

The impact of the industrial and digital (information) revolutions has, undoubtedly, been
substantial on practically all aspects of our society, life, firms and employment. Will the forthcoming AI
revolution produce similar, far-reaching effects? By examining analogous inventions of the industrial,
digital and AI revolutions, this article claims that the latter is on target and that it would bring extensive
changes that will also affect all aspects of our society and life. In addition, its impact on firms and
employment will be considerable, resulting in richly interconnected organizations with decision making
based on the analysis and exploitation of “big” data and intensified, global competition among firms.
People will be capable of buying goods and obtaining services from anywhere in the world using the
Internet, and exploiting the unlimited, additional benefits that will open through the widespread usage of
AI inventions. The paper concludes that significant competitive advantages will continue to accrue to
those utilizing the Internet widely and willing to take entrepreneurial risks in order to turn innovative
products/services into worldwide commercial success stories. The greatest challenge facing societies
and firms would be utilizing the benefits of availing AI technologies, providing vast opportunities for both
new products/services and immense productivity improvements while avoiding the dangers and
disadvantages in terms of increased unemployment and greater wealth inequalities.

15. Toward understanding the Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Labor

Author: Morgan R. Frank, David Autor, James E. Bessen, Erik Brynjolfsson, Manuel Cebrian,
David J. Deming, Maryann Feldman, Matthew Groh, José Lobo, Esteban Moro, Dashun Wang,
Hyejin Youn and lyad Rahwan (2019, PNAS)

Abstract

Rapid advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and automation technologies have the potential to
significantly disrupt labor markets. While AI and automation can augment the productivity of some
workers, they can replace the work done by others and will likely transform almost all occupations at
least to some degree. Rising automation is happening in a period of growing economic inequality, raising
fears of mass technological unemployment and a renewed call for policy efforts to address the
consequences of technological change. In this paper we discuss the barriers that inhibit scientists from
measuring the effects of AI and automation on the future of work. These barriers include the lack of high-
quality data about the nature of work (e.g., the dynamic requirements of occupations), lack of empirically
informed models of key microlevel processes (e.g., skill substitution and human–machine
complementarity), and insufficient understanding of how cognitive technologies interact with broader
economic dynamics and institutional mechanisms (e.g., urban migration and international trade policy).
Overcoming these barriers requires improvements in the longitudinal and spatial resolution of data, as
well as refinements to data on workplace skills. These improvements will enable multidisciplinary
research to quantitatively monitor and predict the complex evolution of work in tandem with technological
progress. Finally, given the fundamental uncertainty in predicting technological change, we recommend
developing a decision framework that focuses on resilience to unexpected scenarios in addition to
general equilibrium behavior.

16. A Systematic Literature Review on the Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Workplace

Outcomes: A Multi-Process Perspective
Author: Vijay Pereira, Elias Hadjieliasbo, Michael Christofi and Demetris Vrontis (2023, Human
Resource Management Review)

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) can bring both opportunities and challenges to human resource
management (HRM). While scholars have been examining the impact of AI on workplace outcomes more
closely over the past two decades, the literature falls short in providing a holistic scholarly review of this
body of research. Such a review is needed in order to: (a) guide future research on the effects of AI on
the workplace; and (b) help managers make proper use of AI technology to improve workplace and
organizational outcomes.

This is the first systematic review to explore the relationship between artificial intelligence and workplace
outcomes. Through an exhaustive systematic review and analysis of existing literature, we ultimately
examine and cross-relate 60 papers, published in 30 leading international (AJG 3 and 4) journals over a
period of 25 years (1995–2020). Our review researches the AI-workplace outcomes nexus by drawing on
the major functions of human resource management and the process framework of ‘antecedents,
phenomenon, outcomes’ at multiple levels of analysis. We review the sampled articles based on years of
publication, theories, methods, and key themes across the ‘antecedents, phenomenon, outcomes’
framework. We provide useful directions for future research by embedding our discussion within HR
literature, while we recommend topics drawing on alternative units of analysis and theories that draw on
the individual, team, and institutional levels.

17. Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence in Education: Seeing the Invisible Through the
Visible
Author: Stephen J.H. Yang, Hiroaki Ogata, Tatsunori Matsui and Nian-Shing Chend (202,
Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence)

Abstract

The inevitable rise and development of artificial intelligence (AI) was not a sudden occurrence.
The greater the effect that AI has on humans, the more pressing the need is for us to understand it. This
paper addresses research on the use of AI to evaluate new design methods and tools that can be
leveraged to advance AI research, education, policy, and practice to improve the human condition. AI
has the potential to educate, train, and improve the performance of humans, making them better at their
tasks and activities. The use of AI can enhance human welfare in numerous respects, such as through
improving the productivity of food, health, water, education, and energy services. However, the misuse of
AI due to algorithm bias and a lack of governance could inhibit human rights and result in employment,
gender, and racial inequality. We envision that AI can evolve into human-centered AI (HAI), which refers
to approaching AI from a human perspective by considering human conditions and contexts. Most
current discussions on AI technology focus on how AI can enable human performance. However, we
explore AI can also inhibit the human condition and advocate for an in-depth dialog between technology-
and humanity-based researchers to improve understanding of HAI from various perspectives.

18. The Emerging Role of Artificial Intelligence in Modern Society

Author: Rahul Reddy Nadikattu (2016, International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts)

Abstract

The role of artificial intelligence has created a massive impact on all sectors of the world. Shortly,
it will be more rapidly expanding to mark its significance for shaping the world. The present study cites
some of the scientific studies highlighting the different roles of artificial intelligence to advance the
applicative properties in the current world. The present report envisions the importance and needs of
artificial intelligence in the modern world and society, shaping the future world.
 19. Artificial Intelligence in Digital Media: The Era of Deepfakes
Author: Stamatis Karnouskos (2020, Transactions on Technology and Society)

Abstract

The recent practical advances realized by artificial intelligence, have also given rise to the
phenomenon of deepfakes, which can be considered as a form of fake news. Deepfakes is the
phenomenon of creation of realistic digital products, and a plethora of videos has emerged over the last
two years in social media. Especially, the low technical expertise and equipment required to create
deepfakes, means that such content can be easily produced by anyone and distributed online. The
societal implications are significant and far-reaching. This article investigates the deepfakes via
multiangled perspectives that include media and society, media production, media representations,
media audiences, gender, law, and regulation, as well as politics. Some key implications of these
viewpoints are identified and critically discussed. The results indicate that as a society, we are not ready
to deal with the emergence of deepfakes at any level. That we have not witnessed any severe impacts
so far is due to their early stage of development, which shows imperfections to address the issue, a
combination of technology, education, training, and governance is urgently needed.

20. Ethical Artificial Intelligence Framework for a good AI society: Principles, Opportunities
and Perils
Author: Pradeep Paraman and Sanmugan Anamalah (2022, AI & Society)

Abstract

The justification and rationality of this paper is to present some fundamental principles, theories,
and concepts that we believe moulds the nucleus of a good artificial intelligence (AI) society. The morally
accepted significance and utilitarian concerns that stems from the inception and realisation of an AI’s
structural foundation are displayed in this study. This paper scrutinises the structural foundation,
fundamentals, and cardinal righteous remonstrations, as well as the gaps in mechanisms towards novel
prospects and perils in determining resilient fundamentals, accountability, and AI’s convoluted and
responsible implications. We outline a number of salient and practical benefits, in which to place moral
norms within the mise en scène of AI, to delineate the rudimentary ethical dilemmas and decorous
directions within the realms of AI.