6

TLE Agriculture
Quarter 1 – Module 3:
Types of Orchard Farms
Technology and Livelihood Education – Grade 6
Alternative Delivery Mode
Agriculture – Module 3: Types of Orchard Farming
First Edition, 2020

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 6
TLE Agriculture
Quarter 1 – Module 3:
Types of Orchard Farms
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Technology and Livelihood Education – Grade 6 Alternative

Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Types of Orchard Farms.

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or
facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum
while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also
aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the Technology and Livelihood Education – Grade 6 Alternative

Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Types of Orchard Farms
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the skills or

What I Need to Know competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.
This part includes an activity that aims to
What I Know
check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.
This is a brief drill or review to help you link
What’s In the current lesson with the previous one.

In this portion, the new lesson will be

What’s New
introduced to you in various ways; a story, a
song, a poem, a problem opener, an activity
or a situation.
This section provides a brief discussion of the
What is It
lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.
This comprises activities for independent
What’s More
practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the answers
to the exercises using the Answer Key at the
end of the module.
This includes questions or blank
What I Have Learned
sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.
This section provides an activity which will
What I Can Do help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

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 This is a task which aims to evaluate your
Assessment
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
In this portion, another activity will be given
Additional Activities to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned.
This contains answers to all activities in the
Answer Key
module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References
Gloria A. Peralta, et al. The Basics of Better
Family Living 6
Learning and Living in the 21st Century

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

On this module you will learn the need to conduct a survey in one’s locality and the
important information one needs to find out before entering on the orchard farming
business. It will also help you to learn the types of trees suitable in land areas of the
locality, marketing, and lay-out design of an orchard farm.

At the end of this module, it is expected that you will be able to do the
following:
1. Conduct survey to identify (TLE6AG-Oc-3)
a. Types of orchard farm
b. Trees appropriate for orchard gardening based on location,
climate, and market demands
c. Proper way of planting/propagating trees and fruit-bearing trees
(budding, marcotting, grafting)
d. Sources of fruit-bearing trees
e. How to care for seedlings
2. Prepares layout design of an orchard garden using the information gathered
(TLE6AG-0c-4).

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 What I Know

Answer the following on a sheet of paper.

Matching type: Match column A to column B

A B

___1. Banana a. Used to cut any piece of sheet

b. Comes from decayed plants
___2. Calamansi c. Compost heap
d. Type of soil that is dark brown, very
porous, and perfect for orchard
___3. Mango
gardening
e. A large herbaceous plant that usually
___4. Durian bears fruit within 10 months
f. Type of soil that cannot hold water and
___5. Garden Scissors is not advisable for planting trees
g. Used for cutting small branches of
___6. Pruning shears planting materials including the
unnecessary branches
___7. Sand h. Its tree grows up to 15ft high and bears
freshly succulent fruits
i. The production of new plants from other
___8. Loam
plant parts
j. Used for cutting and slice planting
___9. Asexual material for performing processes
k. Belongs to the family of woody flowering
___10. Sexual plants common in the tropics
l. Fruit weed wing-like appendages on the
___11. Knife leaf stalks
m. Plant propagation using seeds
___12. Basket compost n. Composting home garbage in containers
o. Comes from the waste of vermi

___13. Vermi Compost

___14. Compost pile

___15. Green manure

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 Lesson
TYPES AND FACTORS OF
1 ORCHARD FARMS
Planting and propagating trees is a source of livelihood for many Filipino families.
Orchards abound in the countryside where mangoes, bananas, jackfruit, guava,
santol, and many other tropical fruits grow. Many of those fruits find their way to
international shores as they are exported to other countries like Japan and the
United Kingdom, Spain and Italy. Many people nowadays engage in propagating
fruit-bearing tree as a source of additional income for their daily needs. Fruit-bearing
trees that can be planted in your backyard depend on several factors: the space in
your backyard, the kind of soil, and the type of climate in your own community.

What’s In

True or False: Write T if the statement is true and F if it is false.

_______ 1. Trees are man’s source of food.

_______ 2. Trees give of carbon dioxide.

_______ 3. Man needs carbon dioxide to live.

_______ 4. Resin is a chemical derived from trees.

_______ 5. Too many trees cause pollution.

_______ 6. A healthy environment is an environment full or trees.

_______ 7. It is alright to cut trees for as long as they are replenished.

_______ 8. Reforestation is the process of planting new trees in place of old ones
that have been cut down.

_______ 9. When trees slow down, the speed of a typhoon act as windbreakers.

_______ 10. Roots of trees hold the soil and water, thus, preventing soil erosion
and flood.

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 Notes to the Teacher
Many people engaged in orchard farming without taking time to
study the systematic and scientific processes involved. As a result,
some people have been unsuccessful in this undertaking,
resulting in loss of income.

What’s New

Orchard is a piece of land planted with fruit trees of nut trees. It is also known as
“fruit farm”. Therefore, an orchard can have any kind of fruit trees in it, be it mango,
papaya, orange, duhat, banana, etc.

Examine the picture. There are many things to consider if you are thinking of
embarking on an orchard project. It is the most fulfilling endeavor especially if you
are successful and you harvest the fruits of your labor and earn additional income
for the family.

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 What is It

Types of Orchard Farms

1. Fruit Orchards

Fruit orchards include any facility focused on growing tree-bearing fruits. Citrus
trees, such as those bearing lemons, lime, or oranges, may be grown all together in
large citrus orchards, or individually in smaller facilities. Plantations that grow fruit-
bearing bushes generally do not fall under this category. These include fruits not
grown on trees.

a. Banana Plantation – native to the Southeast Asia, the banana is a large herbaceous
plant with perennial root. Usually bears fruit within 10 months.

b. Calamansi Plantation –native to Southeast Asia, calamansi is characterized by

wing-like appendages on the leaf stalks, white or purplish flowers and fruit.

c. Mango Plantation –native to India, the mango tree grows up to 15ft high, with
spreading top and numerous branches.

d. Durian Plantation –native to the hot, humid rainforests of Southeast Asia, the
durian fruit is round or egg-shaped and usually weighs 2.8 to 3.5 kg. it requires three
months to develop and ripen.

2. Nut Orchards

Nut orchards include a large variety of facilities that produce nut-bearing trees.
These include orchards that grow popular nuts like cashews, walnuts, and almonds.
This category also includes cocoa and chocolate-producing nuts, as well as coconuts.
Some orchard owners produce pine trees for their edible pine nuts.

a.Seed Orchards

Seed orchards focus primarily on growing trees that produce seeds rather than nuts
or fruit. These seeds are then sold to commercial distributors for resale to the public
in small seed packets. They may also be sold to large agricultural facilities or used
for food production. Seed orchards can further be divided into two categories based
on how they are established. In a seedling orchard, trees are selected through
controlled pollination. In a clonal seed orchard, seeds are distributed through
methods such as cutting and tissue culture, resulting in an easier harvest overall.

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b.Home or Backyard Orchards

Home orchards are small gardens where grafted trees are needed and small enough
to fit in the garden.

Factors to consider in choosing fruit trees for your orchard:

1. Choose fruit trees which are suited to your location.

2. Choose trees based on your needs or market demands.
3. Consider how much effort you will exert.
4. Plant the right fruits.
5. Choose the best time for planting.
6. Consider the climate in your area.
7. For healthiest and tastiest fruit, choose the sunniest available planting
location.

Trees suited for orchard gardening based on:

 Location

Hill side Slope Valley Plain

Coconut Mango Durian Banana
Mango Coconut Banana Mango
Pili nut Cashew Papaya Citrus fruits
Palm tree Palm tree Mangosteen Dragon fruit
Pili nut Jackfruit
Guava
Star apple
Santol
Coconut

 Climate

Elevated (Cold) Low (Warm) Dry Season Wet Season

Grape Mango Banana Durian
Pomelo Coconut Pili nut Banana
Banana Palm tree Mango
Guava Dragon fruit
Durian Papaya
Guava
Star apple

 Market Demand

Year-round Seasonal
Banana Jackfruit
Mango Guava
Citrus Star apple
Dragon fruit Santol
Papaya
Coconut

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 There are two types of plant propagation:

Sexual Propagation is the propagation using valuable seeds. These seeds have the
capacity to germinate and grow. Asexual Propagation is the production of new
plants from leaves, stems, and roots. It can be done manually, either naturally or
using scientific approach.

Proper way of Propagating Fruit-Bearing trees

 Marcotting – induces the stem to develop roots while it is still growing on
the mother plant. The steps are as follows:
a. Select a healthy branch.
b. Remove a ring-like layer of soft bark about 2 to 3 inches long or until
you reach the bark about 2 to 3 inches long or until you reach the hard,
wood layer.
c. Apply sphagnum moss around the cut surface.
d. Cover securely with a piece of plastic sheet.
e. Tie both ends to prevent drying of the rooting medium.
f. Cut the marcot just below the ball of sphagnum moss when sufficient
roots develop.
g. Remove some leaves to further induce root development.
h. Place the potted in a cool and shady place.

 Grafting – a plant propagation method that involves inserting a scion into a

stock so that they will form a union and grow together.

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 Steps in Grafting
a. Preparing the Stock. Start at the cut surface of the rootstock and make a
vertical slit through the bark where each scion can be inserted (2 inches
long and spaced 1 inch apart).
b. Preparing the Scion. Since multiple scions are usually inserted around
the cut surface of the rootstock, prepare several scions for each graft. Cut
the base of each scion to a 11⁄2- to 2-inch tapered wedge on one side only.
c. Inserting the Scion. Loosen the bark slightly and insert the scion so that
the wedge-shaped tapered surface of the scion is against the exposed wood
under the flap of bark. Push the scion firmly down into place behind the flap
of bark, replace the bark flap, and nail the scion in place by driving one or
two wire brads through the bark and scion into the rootstock. Insert a scion
every 3 to 4 inches around the cut perimeter of the rootstock.
d. Securing the Graft. Seal all exposed surfaces with grafting wax or grafting
paint. Once the scions have begun to grow, leave only the most vigorous one
on each stub; prune out all the others. Bark grafts tend to form weak unions
and therefore usually require staking or support during the first few years.

 Budding – the process of transferring the lateral bud taken from the scion
to the stock of the same family. The steps are the following:
a. Cut bud sticks from strong shoots of the present season’s growth with
mature buds that are slightly brownish in color.
b. Clip off the leaves from the bud sticks, leaving ½ inch of the leafstalk for
a handle.
c. Discard the soft tips of the bud sticks.
d. Choose branches from the rootstock that are the size of a lead pencil up
to ½-inch diameter. Larger branches have too thick a bark for this method
to work.
e. On the rootstock, about 15 or more inches from the trunk, make a T cut
across the bark.
f. With a knife blade, lift the corners and carefully loosen the bark.
g. Cut a bud from the bud stick which includes a thin piece of attached
wood.
h. Slide the bud under the flaps of the bark on the rootstock until the ends
are firmly. Using electrician’s tape, tie the bud to the rootstock.
i. Wrap the ends tightly but be sure not to cover the bud with tape.
j. In two to three weeks, cut the tie so you will not girdle the graft.

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 k. The next year, cut the rootstock off above the graft when the bud starts
growing.
l. Remove any shoot below the graft.
m.The second year remove all growth from the tree
n. except the bud grafted shoots.

Sources of Fruit-Bearing Trees

Fruit-bearing trees propagated by Some are propagated asexually or by

the sexual method (use of seeds): artificial methods:
Avocado Avocado (grafting)
Star apple Banana (rhizomes)
Cashew Star apple (marcotting)
Chico Chico (marcotting or inarching)
Citrus fruits Guyabano (grafting)
Guyabano or Sour sop Guava (marcotting)
Guava Langka (marcotting)
Jackfruit Duhat (marcotting)
Lanzones Macopa (marcotting)
Mabolo Pineapple (suckers)
Macopa Mango (grafting)
Mango Strawberry (runners)
Mangosteen Siniguelas (cuttings)
Papaya
Rambutan
Santol

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 Taking Care of Fruit Tree Seedlings

Here are some ways to keep plants healthy:

1. Water the plants twice a day. Do this in the early morning and in the
late afternoon.
2. Apply fertilizer in the soil. Use organic fertilizer such as:
a. Humus – Comes from decayed matters from plants and animals mixed
with soil.
b. Basket Compost–composting by digging pit keeping compost
underground.
c. Vermi Compost –comes from waste of vermi (earthworms).
 Cultivate the soil around the plants to allow the roots to breathe. Types of
soil such as:
a. Loam Soil – This is a mixture of sand and clay combined with composts
(humus). It is dark brown in color, very porous and good for orchard
farming.
b. Sandy Soil – this type has coarse texture and cannot be watered. It is not
advisable for planting fruit trees, unless combined with other materials.

3. Exterminate pests or insects.

The following are recommended for best results:

a. Water the plants.
b. Mix powdered chili or juice of the leaves of the neem tree with water.
Keep this overnight. Use the mixture for watering.
c. Fumigate the tree or plant using charcoal and dried leaves.
d. Remove insects and pests using hands or tweezers.

4. Pull the grasses or weeds surrounding the plants because they compete
for the nutrients which are intended for the plants.
5. Remove dried leaves and cut carefully the dried or infected branches.
6. Monitor the growth of plants.

What’s More

Conduct Survey

In your locality find out the appropriateness of location, climate, soil and market
demand for common trees and fruit-bearing trees. Put a check on the appropriate
boxes.

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 LOCATION COMMON TYPES OF FRUIT-BEARING TREES
Banana Citrus Mango Caimito Guava Jackfruit
Topography (Suitable areas)
a. Hill
b. Slope
c. Valley
d. Plain
Climate
a. Elevated
b. Lowly
c. Dry Season
d. Wet Season
Market Demand
a. Low
b. Average
c. High
Plant propagation
a. Sexual
b. Asexual
b.1 Marcotting
b.2. Grafting
b.3. Budding

What I Have Learned

When starting on orchard, preparation is important. Careful selection of appropriate

trees according to location, climate, and market demand should be considered. The
proper way of planting to scientific process of propagating require thorough
knowledge and skills to be familiar of the procedures. The ideal site of an orchard
should be planned properly from preparing the land, the planting system, the
presence of green house, sunlight, water supply, drainage, and knowing the
characteristics of soil.

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 What I Can Do

Analyze the puzzle. Find four terms in plant propagation

C U T T I N G H R H
M A R C O T T I N G
R W G R N E G G E B
G S C I O N R B S U
H D B J I S A N W D
M Z J D W A F M A D
N T D X T Q T R E I
L U V C U W I L K N
B L C Z O Y N K H G
S C I O N K G P G W

Assessment

A. Identify the following:

______ 1. A piece of land planted with fruit trees or trees.
______ 2. Include any facility focused on growing tree-bearing fruits.
______ 3. Include a large variety of facilities that produce nut-bearing trees.
______ 4. Focus primarily on growing trees that produce seeds rather than nuts or
fruit.
______ 5. Orchards are small gardens where grafted trees are needed and small
enough to fit in the garden.

B. Write S for Sexual propagation, AS for Asexual Propagation, and BOTH for
Asexual/Asexual Propagation.

______6. Banana _____8. Star Apple _____10.Coconut

______7. Jackfruit _____9. Papaya

C. True or False
Write True if the statement is correct and False if not.
______11. Seedlings do not need care because they will grow better when left alone.
______12. Cultivating the land is necessary to help promote the growth of roots and
absorption of nutrients.

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 ______13. Any substance can be added to the soil to promote the healthy growth of
plants.
______14. Organic fertilizers take too long to prepare but these are effective for the
growth of healthy plants.
______15. Using organic pesticides is more advisable because they are not harmful
to humans and other animals.

Additional Activities

Conduct a survey in your school, home, and community.

Which orchard farm is suited in your school, home, or community? Describe your
location. Identify the fruit trees you want to plant suited to the location. Answer in
your notebook.

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 Lesson Lay-out Design for an
2 Orchard Garden

Good site preparation and layout are extremely important in successfully

establishing fruit plantings. Eliminating potential problems before planting will
reduce money and effort needed in later management practices for this long-term
investment.

What’s In

Put a check mark (/) on practices that are good and x mark on practices that are not
good.
1. I join community projects like planting.
2. I wear appropriate working clothes when planting.
3. Choose good quality seeds coming from a good quality mother.
4. Plant all types with equal distances from one another.
5. I prefer to use organic fertilizer as it is safe and economical.
6. Keep the soil moist around young trees by watering them early morning or
late afternoon.
7. Spray insecticide often to avoid insect infestation.
8. Indirect planting is better method than direct planting because germination is
easier in boxes or plastic bags.
9. Study the type of tree and the kind of soil it needs before planting.
10. Be scientific in planting by knowing the needs of plants and how to take care
of them.

What’s New

Preparing the Site

The following suggestions about site preparation apply mainly to the commercial or
hobby producer, but some have equal application to the home gardener.

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1. Get soil sample for nematodes. If damaging nematodes are found, this site may
have to be avoided for a period of time until it can be placed into a grass or other
plant rotation for 1 or more years. There are no longer any chemicals registered to
kill nematodes in home gardens. Home gardeners may try solarization of site during
summer months. Commercial growers do have nematicides available for use but are
also using nonchemical control methods.

2. Remove stumps, large rocks, and other debris from the site.

3. Plow the top and subsoil in the area to remove as many roots and smaller rocks
as possible. Roots left in the soil can contribute to root-rot problems in fruit trees.

4. Test the soil, and apply lime, phosphorus, and other fertilizer nutrients according
to soil test recommendations.

5. Apply about 50% to 75% of the lime, phosphorus, and other elements on the
surface, and plow as deeply as possible to get them into the root zone. Deep plowing
of lime, and fertilizer is especially important for tree fruit. After deep plowing, apply
the remaining 25% to 50% of these chemicals according to soil test
recommendations, and disc them into the surface 6 to 10 inches.

Subsoil Nematodes Stump

Notes to the Teacher

After preparing the site and determining the size of the orchard, you must
next decide on a plan or arrangement for the orchard.

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 What is It

The plan showing the arrangement of plants in an orchard is known as the

orchard lay-out”. There are several systems of planting, these are the following:
A. Square System
For a fair level site, use the rectangular or square design. It is most easy and
popular method of planting fruit plant. In this system row to row and plant to
plant distances are kept similar. The plants are planted exactly at right angle at
each corner. Thus, every four plants make one square. This is good for Mango,
Banana, and citrus crops.

Advantages

1. Irrigation channels and paths can be made straight.

2. Operations like plowing, harrowing, cultivation, spraying, and harvesting

becomes easy.

3. Better supervision of the orchard is possible as one gets a view of the orchard from
one end to the other.

Disadvantages

1. Comparatively less number of trees are accommodated in given area.

2. A lot of space in the center of each square is wasted i.e. certain amount of space
in the middle of four trees is wasted.

Lay out procedures:

a. Establish a base line/row.

b. Mark position of trees on this line using the wooden stakes on both sides of the
base lines.

c. Using right angle shaft, extend lines perpendicular to the base line from every
position of the trees marked.

d. Stakes are fixed on these lines at plant to plant distance.

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B. Rectangular System

The square and rectangle are the most common used systems for laying out
orchards. The rectangular design is used to set trees at unequal distances, as for
example with dwarf orange, using a 9- by 15-foot rectangle to set trees 9 feet apart
in one direction and 15 feet in the other. Most growers prefer to arrange their
orchards in straight rows for ease of working. Thus, rectangular system
accommodates more plants in rows. The plants get proper space and sunlight for
their growth and development.

Lay out procedures:

The procedure is the same as for the square system. The row to row distance is more
than the plant to plant distance and the row to row distance forms the length of the
rectangle.

Advantages

1. Intercultural operations can be carried out easily.

2. Irrigation channel can be made length and breadth wise

3. Light can penetrate in the orchard through the large inter spaces between rows.

4. Better supervision is possible.

5. Intercropping is possible.

6. Inter-cultural operations can be carried out through both ways.

Disadvantages

1. A large area of the orchard between rows is wasted if intercropping is not

practiced.

2. Less number of trees are planted.

Lay out procedures:

The procedure is the same as that of the square system. The row to row distance is
more than the plant to plant distance and the row to row distance forms the length
of the rectangle.

C. Quincunx System/Diamond Pattern

This system is also known as filler or diagonal system. This is a modification over
square system of layout. To make use of the empty space in the center of each square
is by planting another plant. The plants that are planted in the center of each square

17
along with tall growing plants at the corners of squares are termed as “filler” plants.
Generally, filler trees will be of short duration and not of the same kind as those
planted on the corners of the square. When main plants of the orchard resume their
proper shape, the filler plants are uprooted. Guava, Peaches, Papaya etc. are
important filler plants.

Advantages

1. Additional income can be earned from the filler crop till the main crop comes into
bearing.

2. Compared to square to square and rectangular systems, almost double the

number of trees can be planted initially.

3. Maximum utilization of the land is possible. Increases approximately 10% of the

plants in the square method.

Disadvantages

1. Skill is required to layout the orchard.

2. Inter/filler crop can interfere with the growth of the main crop.

3. Spacing of the main crop is reduced if the filler crop allowed to continue after the
growth of the main crop.

4. Intercultural operations is difficult.

Layout procedures:

Follow the procedure for the layout of a square system. In addition to this, mark the
center of each square with stake for the filler plants by drawing the diagonals.

D. Hexagonal / Triangular System

This system accommodates 15% more plants than square system. The plants are
planted at the corner of equilateral triangle. Thus, six trees are planted making a
hexagon. Seventh tree is planted in the center. This is very intense method of planting
and hence requires fertile land. In the suburb of cities where land is costly, this
system is worth adopting. However, the laying out of the system is hard and
cumbersome.

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 Advantages

1. Compared to square system 15% more trees can be planted.

2. It is an ideal system for fertile and well irrigated land.

3. Plant to plant distance can be maintained.

4. More income can be obtained.

Disadvantages

1. Skill is required to layout the orchard.

2. Intercultural operations maybe difficult.

Layout procedures

1. Establish a base line on one side of the field as in the square system.

2. Mark the position of trees on the base line at the desired distance and fix the
stakes. Make equilateral triangles on the base line maintaining the sides of the
triangles equal to plant to plant distance.

3. Mark all the triangles with stakes and join them into a line to form the second
line of trees. Similarly, make equilateral triangles on the second line and cover the
whole land.

E. Contour system.

If the land is rugged and steep, follow the contour of the hillside. It is adopted in hilly
areas for planting fruit plants where land is undulate and soil erosion is a great
threat. The contour system helps prevent or reduce erosion and conserve moisture.
The layout is started from the lowest level and the tree rows are planted along
uniform slopes at right angle to the slope with a view to reduce loss of top-soil due
to erosion. The width of contour terrace varies according to the slope of the hill. On
steep or rugged sites, contour systems help prevent or reduce erosion and conserve
moisture. Since rainfall, slope, soil, and other conditions vary in different parts of
the country, growers use various arrangements. At the present time, growers use
terraces in contour systems when additional erosion control is needed.

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 Advantages

1. This system can be adopted in hilly regions, can control the soil erosion, and helps
simultaneously in the conservation of water.

2. Preserved plant nutrients which are supplied as manures and fertilizers.

Disadvantages

1. Laying out of contour lines is difficult and time consuming.

2. Special skill is required to layout this system.

3. Special instruments are required for making contour lines.

4. The row to row distance will not be equal and adjustments may be required in the
plat to plant distance.

5. Rows are broken into bits and pieces.

Layout procedures:

Contour system is a little more complicated than any other system of layout since
planting is to be done on slopes. For the procedure, mark contours at a distance
equal to row to row distance on each contour lines. The contours may be of full length
or less than full length depending on variations in the degree of slope.

Since rainfall, slope, soil, and other conditions vary in different parts of the country,
growers use various arrangements. At the present time, growers use terraces in
contour systems when additional erosion control is needed. In commercial
operations, no matter which orchard layout is used, a minimum 25 to 30-foot
turnaround should be left at the ends of rows to allow easy movement of any
equipment and machinery.

Determining Planting Distances

Proper spatial arrangement is very important in new plantings. Aligning the trees
carefully not only improves the orchard’s appearance, but it also makes orchard
operations easier. Individual tree or plant sites can be indicated with a stake. The
number of plants required to plant an acre can be determined by multiplying the
distance between trees in the row by the distance between rows and then dividing
the figure into the number of square feet in an acre (43,560).

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 Determining Home Orchard Size

Not all people enjoy all fruits. Evaluate your family situation and plant those fruits
that best meet your needs. The number of plants that will supply the annual needs
for fresh and processed fruit for a family of five is listed in Table 1.

Table 1.
Number of Fruit Plants to Meet Annual Needs of a Family of Five

Fruit Type Number of Plants Tree Fruit

Pomelo 5 to 8
Mango 3 to 5

Chico 5 to 8

Atis 5 to 8
Lanzones 4 to 6

If you choose to produce several fruit types, you will most likely have more fruits
than your family can use. Only plant what you enjoy eating and avoid the chore of
caring for more plants than you really need.

What’s More

A.Choose below the type of lay-out orchard.

a. b. c. d. e.

____1. contour system

____2. Quincunx System/Diamond Pattern
____3. square system
____4. rectangular system
____5. hexagonal/triangular system

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B. Draw a layout design of an orchard garden of your choice. Identify the plants that
you are going to plant.

What I Have Learned

If you choose to produce several fruit types in your home orchard, you will most likely
have more fruits than your family can use. Only plant what you enjoy eating and
avoid the chore of caring for more plants than you really need.

Most growers prefer to arrange their orchards in straight rows for ease of working.
Thus, rectangular system accommodates more plants in rows. The plants get proper
space and sunlight for their growth and development.

Choosing the right pattern for your orchard project will depend on the shape, terrain,
and slope of the land.

What I Can Do

Visit an orchard in your community. Observe and describe the layout of trees. Do
they get enough sunlight? Write your answers in your notebook.

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 Assessment

Choose the letter of the correct answer.

___1. Which is the most easy and popular method of planting fruit plant?

a. square b. rectangle c. diamond d. a & b

___2. Which lay-out system accommodates more plants in rows?
a. hexagonal b. rectangle c. diamond d. square
___3. These plants are uprooted as soon as the main plants of the orchard resume
their proper shape.
a. shrubs b. fillers c. weeds d. stump
___4. How many trees are planted in a hexagonal system?
a. 4 b. 5 c. 6 d. 3
___5. Which layout system is used on hillsides, slopes, and rugged sites?
a. diamond b. square c. rectangle d. contour

Write T if the statement is correct and F is the statement is false.

___6. Follow the contour of the hillside if the land is rugged and stepped.

___7. Quincunx is a modification over square system of lay-out.

___8. Rectangular system is commonly used system for laying out of orchard.

___9. Mango, banana, and citrus crops is good for square system.

___10. Most growers prefer to arrange their orchards in straight rows for ease of
working.

Additional Activities

Through the help of an internet, search an orchard in your community. Observe and
describe the lay-out of trees. Write your answers in your notebook.

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 24
What’s
more:
What’s in:
Assessment:
Additional What’s can 1. d
1. /
activities: 1. d I do: 2. a 2. /
2. b 3. c 3. /
depends 3. d depends 4. e 4. /
upon the 4. c upon the 5. b 5. /
answer of 5. d answer of 6. /
the student 6. T the student B. depends 7. /
7. T upon the 8. /
8. T answer of 9. /
9. T the student 10. /
10.T
Lesson 2
Additional Activities: Assessment: What I
What’s in:
Know:
Depends upon the answer of the student
1. Orcha 1. e
1. T
rd 2. l
2. F
W S C I O N K G P G
2. Fruit 3. h
3. F
orchard
G B L C Z O Y N K H
4. T 4. o
N L U V C U W I L K 3. Nut
5. F 5. a
orchard
6. T 6. g
I N T D X T Q T R E
4. Seed
7. T 7. f
orchard
D M Z J D W A F M A
8. T 8. d
5. Home
9. T
D H D B J I S A N W
orchard 9. i
U G S C I O N R B S 10. T 10. m
6. Both
B R W G R N E G G E 7. S 11. j
G M A R C O T T I N 8. S 12. b
9. S 13. c
10. S
H C U T T I N G H R
14. n
11. T
Lesson 1
Answer Key
References
2016. K-12 Curriculum Guide. Manila: Deped.

Deped. "Most Essential Learning Competencies". Reprint, Manila, 2020.

2016. Life Skills Through TLE 6. pp.66-82.

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Region III,

Schools Division of Bataan - Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resources Management and Development Section (LRMDS)

Provincial Capitol Compound, Balanga City, Bataan

Telefax: (047) 237-2102

Email Address: bataan@deped.gov.ph