ELECTRICAL MACHINES II

SINGLE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR

NAME REGISTRATION NO
SOLOMON ODINGO ENE211-0257/2020
PETER NJOROGE ENE211-0005/2020
ANTHONY GACHINI ENE211-0017/2020
BRENDA MUNGISI EEE211-0037/2020
Blocked Rotor Test on Single-phase Induction Motor
In the blocked rotor test, the rotor of the motor is blocked, i.e., remains at rest. A reduced
voltage is applied to the stator so that the rated current flows in the main winding. The voltage,
current and power are measured.

Vsc, Isc and Psc are the voltage, current and power under the blocked rotor conditions. With the
rotor blocked, the slip s = 1, then the magnetising reactance (Xm2)(𝑋𝑚2)in the equivalent
circuit of the single-phase induction motor is so large compared with
impedance (R′22+jX′22)(𝑅′22+𝑗X′22)that it may be neglected from the equivalent circuit. Thus,
the equivalent of the single-phase induction motor at slip s = 1 reduces to the circuit as shown
in Figure above

The equivalent impedance referred to the stator is given by,

The equivalent series resistance of the motor is given by,

Where, the R1m is the resistance of the main stator winding which is already measured, then the
effective rotor resistance at the line frequency is given by,
The equivalent leakage reactance of the motor is given by,

As, the leakage reactances X1m and X’2 cannot be separated out so we make a simplified
assumption that both the reactances are equal i.e. X1m=X′2𝑋1𝑚=𝑋′2.

Therefore, by performing blocked rotor test on the single-phase induction motor, the
parameters of the equivalent circuit can be determined if the resistance R1m is known.

No-Load Test on Single-phase Induction Motor

In the no-load test of the motor, the motor is run without load at the rated voltage and rated
frequency. The voltage, current and power input are measure using voltmeter, ammeter and
wattmeter respectively.

At no-load the slip s in the motor is very small (closed to zero) and hence, the
impedance (R′22s)(R′22𝑠)is very large as compared to the magnetising impedance (Xm2)(𝑋𝑚2).

Also,

Thus, the resistance [R′22(2−s)][𝑅′22(2−𝑠)] which is associated with the backward rotating
magnetic field is very small as compared to the magnetising impedance (Xm2)(𝑋𝑚2), that the
backward magnetising current is negligible. Therefore, under the no-load conditions, the
equivalent circuit of the single-phase induction motor simplified to that shown in Figure-2.
Therefore, the equivalent reactance of the motor at no-load is given by,

Since the values of the reactances X1m and X’2 are known from the blocked rotor test, the value
of magnetising reactance (Xm) can be determined from the equation (6).

If V0, I0 and P0 are the voltage, current and the power input respectively in the no-load test.
Then, the power factor of the motor at no-load is given by,

The equivalent impedance at no-load is given by,

The equivalent reactance of the motor at no-load is given by,

PROCEDURE

Figure 1 represents the circuit diagram of a single phase induction motor

Figure 2, represents the experiment circuit connection

1. Set the value of the starting capacitance to 8µF

2. Switch on the 135V a.c supply to the motor.
3. When the shaft speed reaches approximately 1150r/min the centrifugal witch will
operate and cut out the starting circuit, or if the centrifugal switch is not fitted ,this can
be done manually using the on – off switch on the resistor/capacitor board. The motor
will the run up to its no-load speed of approximately 1470r/min.
4. The effectiveness of different values of starting capacitance can be investigated and the
switching arrangements can be altered to permit capacitor start and run operation,
using the connections given in figure 2b. For resistor start operation it is 200.
DISCUSSION OF RESULTS

a) No load test

At no load the current is 2.5A and the motor runs with a speed of 1400rpm.

As the value of start capacitor is from 8µf to 14µf in the steps of 2, the starting torque is
observed to increase.

Table of results

b) Load test

With 6µf capacitance

Shaft speed(RPM) Stator current(A) Torque(NM)

1400 2.50 0
1300 2.50 0.2
1250 2.55 0.4
1150 2.65 0.6
1025 2.95 0.8

With 12 µf capacitance

Shaft speed (RPM) Stator current(A) Torque (NM)

1200 2.0 0
1150 2.05 0.2
1100 2.15 0.4
1050 2.20 0.6
1000 2.35 0.8
950 2.55 1.0

c) Stall test
The motor decelerates and stalls at a current I= 4.2A, torque T= 1.2NM and speed V=
900RPM
 d) Supply voltage test
Voltage test (V) Speed (RPM) Slip
135 1400 0.048
125 1350 0.082
115 1300 0.116
105 1200 0.184
95 1100 0.252
85 1050 0.286
75 950 0.354
65 900 0.388

Characteristics of a 4- pole squirrel cage motor

At 6µf

Shaft speed vs torque

1600
1400
1200
1000
800
Shaft speed
600
400
200
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

At 12uF

Shaft speed vs torque at 12uf

1400

1200

1000

800

600 Shaft speed

400

200

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
Questions
1. Over what range of load torque is your capacitor run motor useful?
❖ The range is 0 – 1.0 NM
2. What do you notice about the supply current during acceleration from standstill?
❖ The supply current increases as it accelerate from zero.
3. Is the starting torque of an induction motor high or low.
❖ Produces very low starting torque about 1.5 to 2.5 times the starting torque.
4. From the data obtained from the load and stall tests, try to sketch in the complete
torque/ speed characteristics.

𝑁𝑠−𝑁
5. 𝑆= 𝑁𝑠
Ns = 1470rpm
At N= 1400rpm
1470 − 1400
𝑆=
1470

S = 0.047

160
Voltage vs slip
140
120
100
80
60 Voltage test
40
20
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5

6. The graph is nearly linear.

CONCLUSION.

We can easily conclude that the value of the motor torque increases as the value of the
capacitor increases. Single-phase induction motors are not self-starting because the produced
stator flux is alternating in nature and at the starting, the two components of this flux cancel
each other and hence there is no net torque.

REFERENCES.
1. https://www.electrical4u.com/single-phase-induction-
motor/#:~:text=From%20the%20above%20topic%2C%20we,there%20is%20no%20net%
20torque.
2. https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/alternating-current/chpt-13/single-phase-
induction-motors/

3. Sen, Paresh C - Principles of electric machines and power electronics (2014, Wiley) -
libgen.lc