The SAT Practice Test01 TDIkKSATHRAG RESATERRG, MHLRERA, FRESH 02 SATHHEH MSATIBE, BSS. BES, SAT SATO SHE 03 SATHASm RUAEX, DUNK, Bors SATS, RONDE 04 SATHi< ipl eae FB HEOR, DER, WMA, Bihan FRO SS PB BOATS LA LEReading Test ReeTesDaiy, 20W HLF 65 MINUTES, 52 QUESTIONS Turn to Section 1 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section. pans Each passage or pair of passages below is followed by a number of questions. After reading ‘each passage or pair, choose the best answer to each question based on what is stated or implied in the passage or passages and in any accompanying graphics (such as a table or graph. Questions 1-10 are based on the following passag This passage is adapted from Nadeem Aslam, Maps for Lost Lovers. €2004 by Nadeem Aslam. Even though itis not yet daybreak, the dawn-like ‘ranslucence of the fallen snow enables him to see clearly the person walking on the road up there, and Line he decides that itis someone on his way to the '5 mosque for the day's first prayer. Or it could be Queen Elizabeth Il. Shamas smiles, in spite of himself, Once, marvelling at the prosperity of England, a visitor from Pakistan had remarked that it was almost as though the Queen 10 disguised herself every night and went out into the streets of her country to find out personally what her subjects most needed and desired in life, so she could arrange for their wishes to come true the next day; it was what the caliph Harun al-Rashid was said to 1s have done according to the tales of the Thousand and One Nights, with the result that his perfumed Baghdad became the most easeful and prosperous place imaginable Perspective tricks the eyes and makes the 29 snowdlakes falling in the far distance appear as ‘though they are falling slower than those nearby, and he stands in the open door with an arm stretched out to receive the small light pieces on his hand. A habit as old as his arrival in this county; he has always as greeted the season's first snow in this manner, the flakes losing their whiteness on the palm of his hand to become clear wafers of ice before melting to ‘water—crystals of snow transformed into a monsoon 1a raindrop. Among the innumerable other losses, to 30 come to England was to lose a season, because, in the part of Pakistan that he is from, there are five seasons in a year, not four, the schoolchildren learning their names and sequence through classroom chants: ‘Mausam-e-Sarma, Bahar, Mausam-e-Garma, Barsat, 35 Khican, Winter, Spring, Summer, Monsoon, ‘Autumn, ‘The snow falls and, yes, the hand stretched into the flakes’ path is a hand asking back a season now lost 40 The person on the hill is indeed a woman and, whoever she is, she has left the high shelf of the road and is coming down the side-strect towards him, one arm carrying an umbrella, the other steadying her descent by holding on to the field maples growing at 45 regular intervals along the edges of the inclining street, She would soon be near and would no doubt consider him lacking good judgement: a man of almost sixty-five years standing here with his hand thrust into the path of the snow—and so he 50 withdraws into the house. ‘The front door opens directly into the kitchen, One blue, one strawberry pink, one the yellow of certain Leningrad exteriors: these were the colours of the three rooms in the olive-green house in Sobni 55 Dharti—the small place in Pakistan where he was born and had lived permanently until his mid-twenties—and a few years ago, by mixing ground-up chalk and glue with the appropriate pigments, he had painted the rooms in this house 60 with those three colours, surprising himself by reproducing the three shades precisely. It's almost as E>though when he stood facing a corner as a child uring a game of hide-and-seek, it was for the sole purpose of committing its colour to memory, to be 65 able to conjure it up in the years of exile. During the school holidays he would approach the bookcase inthe pink room and stand before it, his hand alighting on this or that volume with the arbitrariness of a moth, half deciding on something. 70 before siding it back in place and moving on, as though experimenting with the keys of a piano, all briefly opened books eager to engage his eye, each flickeringly glimpsed paragraph enticing him hurriedly with its secret, and having made his choice 75 he would drift through the house in search of the coolest spot to read through the long summer afternoons that had a touch of eternity to them, altering the arrangement of his limbs as much for comfort as for the fear that his undisturbed shadow 40 would leave a stain on the wall, Over the course of the passage, the main focus shifts from Shamas's A) thoughts of stories about royalty to a more general consideration of reading and literature. B) considerations of his current surroundings to _memories of the place where he used to live. ©) impressions of friendships he's formed recently to recollections of his family relationships. D) distaste for the drab scene outside to his enjoyment of the colorful rooms in his house, a ‘According to the passage, the visitor from Pakistan had a particular image of Queen Elizabeth Il because A) people in Pakistan often tell stories about the queen B) the queen seemed to fully provide for the people of England. ©) the visitor had observed the queen on one of her walks through the city D) the visitor knew the queen admired the tales of the Thousand and One Nights. sau Based on the passage, which choice best characterizes Shamas’s view of the snow in England? A) Its initial arrival is a noteworthy event that deserves his attention, B) Ttsongoing presence is an annoyance that disrupts his positive outlook. ©) Itis symbolic ofthe particular benefits he has. enjoyed while living in England. D) Itserves as a bleak reminder of the winters in Pakistan, Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question? A) Lines 1-5 ("Even though... . prayer”) B) Lines 19-21 (“Perspective tricks ... nearby") ©) Lines 23-25 (“A habit ... in this manner") D) Lines 34-36 (“Mausam-e-Sarma... Autumn”) Based on the passage, it can be reasonably inferred that Shamas’s experience of England is shaped by A) the considerable ease with which he has been able to build a life there. B) his acute awareness of the sacrifices he has made by living there ©) the unexpected familiarity of the natural landscape there. D) his unwavering view of himself as a newcomer there. Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question? A) Limes 14-18 ("it was... imaginable”) B) Lines 29-32 (“Among... four’) ©) Lines 40-46 ("The person .... street”) D) Lines 57-61 (‘and a few... precisely”) [ continue 41 cena, SOW se 1 In the context of the passage, the reference to the snow transforming into “a monsoon raindrop” (lines 28-29) primarily serves? A) as an introduction to Shamas's thoughts about Pakistan, B) asa reflection on the impermanence of snow. ©) to emphasize Shamas's preference for rainy conditions over snowy ones. D) to suggest that Shamas has momentarily forgotten he is not in Pakistan. It can reasonably be inferred that as the woman ‘coming down the street approaches him, Shamas is mainly concerned that she will A) be critical of his unusual behavior. B) think he needs help and try to intervene, ©) mistake his outstretched hand for a greeting. D) slip on the icy street and become injured. In line 50, “withdraws” most directly conveys that Shamas is ‘A) retreating inside B) becoming quiet. ©) canceling a plan, D) reliving a memory. Bau In the last paragraph, the primary effect of the words “alighting,” “briefly,” “fickeringly,” and “hurriedly” isto A)_ emphasize how quickly as a child Shamas would finish his schoolwork so that he could read. B) illustrate the way shadows seemed to move in the pink room in Shamas's childhood home. ©) characterize the way Shamas approaches his ‘memories of the house in Pakistan. D) underscore Shamas's indecisiveness when as a student he would hunt for a book to read.1 cena, SOW se Questions 11-21 are based on the following Passage. This passage is adapted from Lewis Mumford, "A Letter to the President." ©1936 by Lewis Mumford, Mumford, a scholar, addresses US President Franklin D, Roosevelt ‘concerning a proposed cut in funding to arts initiatives, administered through the Works Progress Administration (WPA, a federal agency that provided employment. Other national matters have deservedly had your raver attention and your more vigorous effort; but. the arts projects... have brought in perhaps the tine greatest return. I cannot believe that you yet recognize the importance of what has been done through these agencies, quite apart from their immediate aid in rehabilitating the starving and the destitute, For I believe that if you saw the values that have already been built up here, you would not undo 1o the work, but would be ready to ensure its permanence and push it even farther. I wish to persuade you that indifference to the arts projects of the WPA would not merely be unjust to the artists themselves, who have worked with a zeal anda 15 devotion of which we must all be proud: but it would be an outright betrayal of a unique opportunity that vill not come back again, even if the blunder be perceived, without duplicating wastefully much of the effort that has so far been expended. 20 The excellence of the work done to further ‘American art under the WPA may well surprise you: indeed, the most hopeful observer could hardly have predicted it, Public art has usually been another name for standardized mediocrity: the questions of 25 selection, patronage and control are problems of such delicacy that countries with a long tradition in. the arts have not always successfully solved them, And in our country, with its mixed population, its {great diversity of regional and social characteristics, 39 one might well have feared in advance the limitations of those convenient stereotypes which make life easier for the administrator at the expense of the purposes which he administers. By a happy stroke, those who were put in charge of the arts projects 35 have understood both the nature of the arts and that of our country: they have worked out a combination ‘of national, state and local initiative that, so far from «creating a single arbitrary stereotype, has resulted in a great diversity of efforts, vividly shot through with 49 the colors of the local region and the local community. These projects have given the artist a home; and they have planted the seed of the fine arts, a 1| hitherto raised under glass in a few metropolitan hothouses, in every village and byway in the count 45 renovating soils that have become sour with neglect, and opening up new areas for cultivation, ‘My own attention has been concentrated mainly ‘on the work that has been done in the plastic! and graphic arts... but I know that those who are 40 interested in music and the dance and the theatre share my enthusiasm in equal degree for the work done in these departments: so I plead for the arts as a whole, even though I choose examples from the field with which Iam most closely in contact. The actual 55 achievement has been astounding, not less in quality than in volume. A great mass of talent, some ofit the best our generation has produced, has for the first time been put regularly to work in the service of the community. The older artists have been rejuvenated «0 by these new opportunities; many have produced their best work in this public capacity. And many younger artists, never before exhibited, have been discovered: a whole school of vigorous young painters has, for example, appeared in the Middle 65 West. Both groups have been rescued from frustration and despair. Work has been found, appropriate work, for the most diverse capacities and for the most individual visions of life; and while the clumsy hand of esthetic dictatorship has not fallen on 70 these projects, there has been a firm subtle pressure in the direction of what is strongest and finest in our inheritance in the arts ‘The artists who have been engaged in these WPA projects have been given something mote precious 75 than their daily bread: they have at last achieved the liberty to perform an essential function of life, in the knowledge that their work had a destination in their community. The spread of this art, through new public agencies, is not less significant than its 40 production. Through local museums and art galleries and special schools, many of which, like the museums in the South, are now serving communities that had been hitherto destitute of the fine arts, the artist has been brought into working relations with. 45 his fellow citizens. saThe main purpose of Mumford’s letter isto A) persuade Roosevelt of the value of the WPA's arts projects. B) criticize Roosevelt for failing to regulate the WPA’s oversight of arts projects. ©) defend controversial aspects of the WPA’s arts projects. D) compare the WPA's arts projects with public arts projects in other countries In the first paragraph of the passage, Mumford implies that Roosevelt has A) neglected to consider the political ramifications of ending a program that enjoys popular support nationwide, B) catered to special interest groups who want to redirect funds from the arts to more newsworthy projects ©) decided that artists are less important to the economic welfare of the nation than other workers D) paid insufficient attention to the good accomplished through federally funded arts initiatives As used in line 15, “devotion” most neatly means A) obedience. B) dedication, ©) affection. D) respect. ReeTesDaiy, 20W HLF ‘As used in line 26, “delicacy” most nearly means A) feailty B) transparency. ©) subtlety. D) luxury. ‘Mumford's main purpose in lines 47-54 (“My own. contact”) isto A) argue that visual and graphic arts are particularly accessible to the American public. B) acknowledge that he is making general claims about the value of arts beyond those he knows best. ©) indicate that he deliberately chose to base his claims on examples from arts that are universally taught. assert that the visual and graphic arts are particularly deserving of financial support from the government D) 5.0 Mumford indicates that federal funds provided to artists through the WPA have enabled the recipients to ‘A) use their creative talents to help build a better society. B) exhibit their works in some of the county's major art museums. ©) develop a style that is overtly cutting edge in character. D) collaborate with professionals who specialize in the nonvisual arts1 cena, SOW se 1 It can most reasonably be inferred from the passage that Mumford believes artists who receive funds ‘through the WPA should create works that A) avoid expressing a point of view that is overtly political in nature. B) include themes that encourage Americans to take pride in their country. ©) are part of a recognizable tradition of achievement in American art D) appeal to people who have had only limited exposure to the fine arts Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question? A) Lines 11-19 (wish, B) Lines 59-61 (“The older ©) Lines 61-65 (“And many D) Lines 66-72 (“Work expended”) capacity”) West’) arts”) In discussing how artists have benefited from the arts initiatives administered by the WPA, Mumford ‘makes the assumption that, ‘A) artis the primary activity enabling human beings to reach their highest potential B) formal training is often necessary for Young artists to improve their level of skill. ©) the desire to share with others in a group is fundamental to human nature D) artists have an instinctive need to create works that are deeply personal, Bou Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question? A) Lines 54-56 ("The actual B)_Lines 65-66 ("Both .. . despair") ©) Lines 73-78 (“The artists D) Lines 78-80 (“The spread volume") community") production”) ‘The last sentence of the passage (“Through citizens”) primarily serves to 'A)_ suggest that historical factors are responsible for the state ofthe fine arts in the South, B) criticize as elitist the belief that only those with special training can appreciate art. ©) argue that artists are like other citizens in that they hope to sustain themselves through labor. D) emphasize the extent to which the arts projects have benefited society on a national scale.Line 10 20 2s 20 as 40 1 Questions 22-31 are based on the following Passages. Passage 1 is adapted from Bill Gray, "The Meghalayan ‘Age—a New Unit of the Geologic Time Scale” ©2018 by the Geological Society of Glasgow. Passage 2s adapted from Paul Voosen, "New Geological Age Comes Under Fire,” {©2018 by American Association for the Advancement of Science, Passage 1 The International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) has defined a new division in geologic time that will now appear on all official charts depicting Earth’s geological past, This is the Meghalayan Age, which has been defined as the most recent age of the Holocene Epoch [11,700 years ago until the present], extending from 4,200 years ago until the present. ‘The Meghalayan Age began at the time when agricultural societies around the world experienced an abrupt and critical mega-drought and cooling Agricultural-based societies that developed in several regions after the end of the last Ice Age were severely, affected by the 200-year long climatic event that resulted in the collapse of civilizations and human ‘migrations in Egypt, Greece, Syria, Palestine, Mesopotamia, the Indus Valley, and the Yangtze River Valley. Evidence of the event has been found. ‘on ll seven continents. The Meghalayan Age is unique among the many intervals of the geologic timescale in that its beginning coincides with a global cultural event produced bya global climatic event, says Stanley Finney, professor of geological sciences at Long, Beach State University. ‘The ICS, which is responsible for standardizing the Geologic Time Scale, approved the definition of the beginning of the youngest unit of the scale on the basis of the timing of this event It also approved proposals for two other ages: the Middle Holocene Northgrippian Age and the Early Holocene Greenlandian Age, with beginnings defined at climatic events that happened about 8,300 years and 11,700 years ago, respectively. Units of the Geologic Time Scale are based on sedimentary strata that have accumulated over time and contain within them sediment types, fossils and chemical isotopes that record the passage of time as well as the physical and biological events that produced then. The three new ages of the Holocene Epoch are represented by a wealth of sediment that accumulated worldwide on the sea floor, on lake sr ReeTesDaiy, 20W HLF 1 bottoms, as glacialice, and as calcite layers in stalactites and stalagmites. Those intervals of sedimentary strata on which the ages are based are 45 referred to as stages, and together the strata of three new stages comprise the Holocene Series. The lower boundary of the Greenlandian and Northgrippian stages are defined at specific levels in Greenland ice cores. The lower boundary of the Meghalayan Stage 50 is defined ata specific level in a stalagmite from a cave in the north east Indian state of Meghalaya, which gave its name to the new age. The ice cores and the stalagmite are now identified as international geostandards, and have been placed in protected 55 archives accessible for further study. Passage 2 Paleoclimatologist Ashish Sioha is surprised that. ICS used the Meghalayan stalagmite for its golden spike [exemplar]—and few know it better, as it was his lab at California State University that found and 60 analyzed it. His team could date only a few of the stalagmite's layers, and water had partially dissolved the rock close to the drying event, potentially blurring the record, An unpublished analysis of other Meghalayan salagmites by paleoclimate scientists 6s from Xi'an Jiaotong University adds to the doubts: It found a steady weakening of the monsoon over more than 600 years, rather than a sudden drought 4200 years ago, The closest thing to a sharp drought can be seen 4000 years ago, in a few decades-long events. 70 These excursions could be said to match the golden spike “to an extent,” says Gayatri Kathayat, who led the research, “but not entirely.” Elsewhere in the world, the 4200-year-old event is even less apparent, according to a team at Northern 75 Arizona University (NAU). Over the past few year, the NAU team has amassed 550 published paleoclimate records of temperature and moisture change during the Holocene, based mainly on stalagmites, lake sediments, and ice cores 80 Graduate student Hannah Kolus scrutinized the records in vain for significant changes in global temperature or moisture about 4200 years ago, “You don't see that signal at all,” Kolus says. ‘The archaeological evidence is also far from 85 definitive, adds Mark Altaweel, an archaeologist at University College London. He says political collapse, not drought, may have doomed some settlements in Mesopotamia, And in ancient Egypt, Greece, and elsewhere the evidence ofa global [ continue 411 90 drought is even murkier, adds Guy Middleton, an archaeologist at Charles University. “Nothing happened as suddenly or as synchronously as made cout.” The drought makes no sense as a marker, he says ‘The main purpose of the Passage 1 is to ‘A)_ emphasize the importance of establishing precise divisions in geologic time. B) describe how the International Commission on Stratigraphy first standardized divisions of geologic time. ©) explain the introduction of a new division to the Geologic Time Scale D) argue that a recently defined division in geologic time is unnecessary. Which choice from Passage 1 best supports the idea that some human populations sought out climates that could better support their crops 4,200 years ago? ‘A) Lines 8-10 (“The Meghalayan ... cooling”) B) Lines 11-17 (“Agricultural-based ... Valley’) ©) Lines 19-24 ("The Meghalayan... . University”) D) Lines 25-28 (“The ICS... event”) According to Passage 1, Finney considers the ‘Meghalayan Age unusual compared with other ‘geological ages in that ‘A) itbegam at the same time as a phenomenon that affected societies around the world its duration is documented with abundant physical evidence. itis the shortest of the ages included in the Geologic Time Scale. there is little archaeological evidence to support its impact on human settlements. B) ©) D) ReeTesDaiy, 20W HLF Bau As used in line 40, “represented” most neatly means A) B) °). D) produced indicated performed. imitated. Itcan reasonably be inferred from Passage 2 that typically, one criterion ofa golden spike in geology is that it should A) feature well-preserved markers for the boundaries of geologic stages. B) be useful in determining both the start point and the end point of a specific geologic stage ©) provide evidence for specific climate events that ‘occurred over several decades. D) be found in proximity to other samples that feature similar sedimentary patterns. a Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question? A) Lines 56-60 ("Paleoclimatologist B) Lines 60-63 (“His team ... record”) ©) Lines 63-68 (“An unpublished D) Lines 68-69 (“The closest analyzed it’) ago”) events”) gw As used in line 74, “apparent” most nearly means A) misleading B) superficial ©) expected, D) obvious.1 cena, SOW se 1 ‘Which statement is supported by both passages? A) The geostandards used to establish the stages of the Holocene more likely indicate gradual shifts in climate conditions than sudden climate events, B) Sedimentary strata in ice cores provide more reliable information about the climate in Earth's past than do calcite layers in stalagmites. ©) The beginnings of the Northgrippian and Greenlandian stages were also likely defined by major climate events D) Archaeological evidence suggests that several flourishing societies failed during the time period currently identified as the Meghalayan Age, ‘The author of Passage 2 would most likely characterize the statement in lines 17-18, Passage 1 (“Evidence ... continents”) as ‘A) an accurate representation of the data considered from the Holocene epoch B) a likely explanation for cultural events that took place in a particular region of the globe ©) unsupported by hundreds of paleoclimate records from the Holocene epoch. D) persuasive but contradicted by the findings of some researchers, Bou Itcan reasonably be inferred that Finney (Passage 1) and Altaweel (Passage 2) disagree primarily about the answer to which question? A)_ How extensive was the drought that destroyed civilizations during the Meghalayan Age? B) Why did so little archaeological evidence of the climatic event that took place during the Meghalayan Age survive? ©) Which agricultural societies were most severely affected by a prolonged drought during the Meghalayan Age? D) What prompted the destruction of some civilizations during the Meghalayan Age?1 ‘Questions 32-41 are based on the following passage and supplementary material. This passage is adapted from Sara Chodosh, “The Science of Getting through a Checkout Line Faster." ©2016 by Scientific American, a division of Nature America, nc. ‘Choosing a line at the grocery store can be surprisingly daunting. You can pick the shortest ‘queue! and avoid customers with large orders or tine coupons, yet still feel like your cashier is the slowest. 5 But new research suggests that you may still be on the fast track, provided that line is dedicated to just ‘one cashier Previous researchers suspected that a single line leading up to multiple cashiers—the system many 10 ticket sellers and big box stores use—could be ‘maximally efficient. But a new study challenges that assumption, A better system is not a single queue at allt is many of them. When workers have their own dedicated set of customers, called parallel 15 queues, they work faster. ‘The findings come from a team of researchers specializing in behavioral economics and behavioral ‘operations. Behavioral operations isa fairly new field that has risen, much like behavioral economics, from 29 questioning the basic tenets of their nonbehavioral predecessors—operations management and. economics, respectively. In the past operations management researchers modeled various store checkout scenarios 2s mathematically. The conclusion, generally, was that a single line for multiple cashiers would most efficiently channel people toward the next available register. But these models neglected an important. detail: “In operations management, comparing single 30 and parallel queues is one of the most basic things that people have done for a long time,” says study co-author Masha Shunko of the University of ‘Washington, “But none of them looked at the behavioral aspect before.” Ina series of experiments both online and in person, Shunko and her colleagues created a virtual grocery store checkout line and enlisted a total of 729 participants to act as cashiers. Of those, 248 came to a physical ab to participate while the rest used an online system from all across the U.S. The interface ‘was simple: a box on the left side of the screen showed avatars for the participant and three computer-generated cashiers, each of whom had a dedicated line of customers. The right side of the 45 screen had five sliders representing five variably as 510 5 ReeTesDaiy, 20W HLF 50 55 60 oa 7 s 1 priced grocery items, which they would ring up by setting the slider to the correct price. The computerized customers lined up in either a single «queue or the shortest of the four available queues. ‘To investigate different aspects of queue design, the authors tested different scenarios, namely single versts parallel queues and a full versus blocked view of the customer lines. The results were the same across nearly every experimental variation: Parallel lines move faster than single ones. Researcher Kenneth Schultz explains: “What this paper is saying is that [compared with earlier rescarch] you're missing some of the human link.” Real cashiers, unlike mathematically modeled ones, work at different paces depending on how independent their task is, how much feedback they receive and what incentives they are given ‘The authors think the key lies in making workers feel they te responsible for the line's progress. them their own line and suddenly they have a direct impact on how fast it moves. With a single ‘queue everyone works together to move the line along, which makes each individual less motivated to work quickly. In order to see that impact, though, workers have to have a full view of the line. ‘Towers of merchandise and display cases often block a cashier's view of the customers. Removing those visual barriers motivates people to work faster because they ate getting immediate feedback—they can watch their line shrink. There may also be an clement of competitiveness. Ifa cashier can see how his or her line compares with everyone else's, a checkout area can become the finish line of a race.1 cena, SOW se 1 ‘Table 1 Median Service Times of Cashiers Receiving Fixed Payment for Participation (seconds) In-person Online cashier cashier Blocked | Full | Blocked | Full visibility | visibility | visibility | visibility Parallel | queue | 161 150 178 156 Single queve | 178 | 161 199 18.0 Table2 Median Service Times of Cashiers Receiving Fixed Payment for Participation and a Bonus per Shopping Cart (seconds) In-person Online cashier cashier Blocked | Full | Blocked | Full visibility | visibility | visibility | visibility | Parallel queve | 154 | 139 | 160 | 150 Single queve | 47 | 157 | 161 175 Tables adapted from Masha Shunk, Julie Nlederhoff and Yaroslav Rocokha, “Humans re Not Machines: The Behavioral impact of Queueing Design on Service Time" 82017 by INFORMS. ‘As used in line 27, “channel” most nearly means A) form. B) transmit ©) direct. D) concentrate 133 | It can reasonably be inferred from the passage that Shunko’s experiments were designed in part to A) assess customers’ ability to adapt to a new way of forming a queue. B) encourage participants to suggest different approaches to queue design ©) include individuals who had at least some experience working as a cashier. D) assure some degree of geographical diversity among the participants. Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question? A). Lines 35-38 ("In a... cashiers”) B)_ Lines 38-40 (“Of those... U.S.”) ©) Lines 40-44 ("The interface D) Lines 47-49 ("The computerized customers") queues") ‘The sixth paragraph (lines 50-55) mainly serves to A) consider different topics for future study and suggest a framework for potential experiments, B) identify various aspects ofa theoretical problem and propose a single solution to that problem, ©) itemize a series of independent research efforts and discuss what they have in common. D) summarize components of a research project and state a general conclusion. As used in line 64, “progress” most nearly means A) breakthrough B) journey. ©) development. D) movement.1 cena, SOW se 1 Based on the description of the results of Shunko's study, which choice best describes the relationship between queue visibility and cashier performance? A) When cashiers can observe a causal connection between their efforts and queue speed, they tend to work more quickly. B) Cashiers who observe fellow cashiers working with single queues work more quickly than cashiers who observe fellow cashiers working with parallel queues. ©) When cashiers working with either single or parallel queues can see their customers waiting, the quality of their customer service improves. D) Cashiers with obstructed views of customers in their queue can better concentrate on the tasks of the job than can cashiers with unobstructed Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer tothe previous question? A) Lines 66-69 (“With B) Lines 69-70 (“In order ©) Lines 71-72 ("Towers D) Lines 72-75 (“Removing quickly line’) customers") shrink") According to table 1, what was the median service time for in-person cashiers who worked with a parallel queue and had full visibility of the queues? A) 139 seconds B) 15.0 seconds ©) 154 seconds D) 16.1 seconds Based on table 2, cashiers tended to be fastest when ‘working with a |A) single queue and full visibility of the queue. B). single queue and blocked visibility of the queue. ©) parallel queue and full visibility of the queues. D) parallel queue and blocked visibility of the queues. se Bt It can reasonably be inferred from the tables that, under otherwise equal conditions, a cashier's efficiency in processing customers generally increased when the cashier received ‘A) a tangible reward for being more productive. B) encouragement from management to work at a faster pace. ©) positive peer pressure from colleagues. D) pleasant reactions from customers11 Questions 42-52 are based on the following passage and supplementary material. This passage is adapted from Robert F. Service, “Material Inspired by Ocean Mussels Could Lead to SelfHealing Plastics.” ©2017 by American Association for the Advancement of Science. Covalently bonded atoms share electrons; ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between oppositely charged atoms (ions) Saltwater mussels are some of the world’s clingiest creatures, able to stay stuck to slippery rocks while being thrashed by pounding surf. Now, researchers Line have designed a polymer that would make these 5 bivalves proud, The stretchy—yet strong—material could lead to a new family of plastics that are tough enough to glue together disparate materials such as ‘wood and metal, and even able to heal themselves when damaged. 10 Materials scientists have long relied on several strategies for making polymers, which consist of long, chainlike molecules and which can stretch and return to their original shape, like rubber bands. The most common approach forges chemical links, called 15 covalent bonds, between separate polymer chains, turning what looks like a bunch of separate spaghetti strands into a loose, 3D mesh, Such polymers can be stiff, and thereby able to resist being pulled apart. But they typically aren't strong. If you pull on them too 20 hard they break, like a rubber band yanked too fa. A second strategy places positive and negative electrical charges on separate polymer strands, which then bond together, creating @ loose network, These materials can be more flexible than covalently bound 25 polymers, and because the links between opposite charges can reattach after being pulled apart, they can essentially “heal” themselves to regain their original shape ‘Mussels have the best of both worlds: They create 39 natural polymer networks with both covalent and charged “ionic” bonds. In recent years, researchers have begun to mimic this approach. They've added negatively charged chemical groups called catechols ReeTesDaiy, 20W HLF se Bt 1| to soft, gellike polymers that already have covalent 35 connections. When they then add positively charged iron atoms to a solution of their polymers, each iron atom grabs multiple nearby catechols on separate polymer strands, creating extra links that help toughen up the soft gels. 40 The problem is that when these polymers are ‘made in water, as has been the case thus far, the liquid causes the gels to expand like a sponge, says ‘Megan Valentine, a materials scientist at the University of California, Santa Barbara. That makes 45 them nearly fully expanded from the get-go: if you pullon them, they can’t stretch much farther and simply break, So, Valentine and her colleagues set out to see whether they could adapt the strategy to work with a 50 dry polymer. They started with a gel polymer that harbors a loose network of covalent bonds called polyethylene glycol (PEG). When they synthesized theit PEG, they added catechol groups to individual polymer strands. Left to their own devices, catechols 45 readily react with oxygen in either air or water. To prevent this, Valentine and her colleagues temporarily covered the catechols with capping groups. Then, just before strengthening the polymer, they added acid, which tore off the caps. Valentine's, 0 team then spritzed in a small amount of iron atoms, ‘which diffused through the PEG, with each iron atom reacting with multiple catechols, adding a second network of links Finally, the researchers dried out their polymer 65 and tested it. They found that the dried polymer was between 100 and 1000 times stiffer than the original PEG yet flexible enough to absorb large amounts of energy before breaking, they report. This transformed their previous gellike material into one 70 that was strong and flexible like leather. Although this specific polymer isn't either the strongest or ‘most flexible plastic on the market, adding the secondary network produced a change that's rarely produced when making a single change to a polymer.ReeTesDaiy, 20W HLF Properties of Synthesized PEG before and after Strengthening Increase PEGbefore | PEG after (mnultiplication Material property strengthening | strengthening factor) stiffness (megapascals) 0.240 184 767 maximum stress before breaking (megapascals) 0378 219 58 ‘maximum stress before deforming (megapascals) 0.084 64 76 energy absorbed before fracturing | (megajoules per cubic meter) 0244 2 90 Source: Data from Emmancuela Filippi et al, “Toughening Elastomers Using Musse-nspred lron-Catechol Complexes" 62017 by [Emmanovela Filippi et ‘The main purpose of the passage is to A) B) ° D) analyze the merits and drawbacks of two techniques for creating polymers. describe an attempt to solve a problem associated with certain kinds of polymers. discuss the characteristics that give natural polymers advantages over synthetic ones, present the results of new research into the practical applications of natural polymers. In the context of the passage as a whole, the sentence in lines 3-5 ("Now A) B) ° D) proud”) mainly serves to indicate that a new synthetic polymer ‘outperforms polymers produced by mussels on certain kinds of physical tests, explain that researchers altered polymers produced by mussels to create a new type of synthetic polymer. suggest that a new synthetic polymer has characteristics comparable to those of polymers produced by mussels. ‘emphasize that new discoveries about polymers produced by mussels have changed how researchers think about synthetic polymers. sh at Which choice best supports the idea that a conventional method for creating polymers achieves fone desirable quality at the expense of another? ‘A) Lines 10-17 (“Materials ... mesh”) B) Lines 17-20 ("Such ... far") ©) Lines 21-23 (“A second... network”) D) Lines 23-28 ("These ... shape”) ‘According to the passage, compared with conventional polymers, mussel mimicking polymers canbe stronger because they have ‘A) more links between their polymer strands than conventional polymers do. B) more polymer strands in total than conventional polymers do. fewer bonds formed by oppositely charged ions on polymer strands than conventional polymers do. fewer covalent bonds helping to hold polymer strands together. ° D)In context, the fifth paragraph (Lines 40-47) mainly serves to ‘A)_ summarize a previous study by Valentine and her colleagues that revealed an unexpected defect. in polymers with covalent and charged ionic bonds B) describe how Valentine and her colleagues were able to add charged ionic bonds to a wet polymer that already had covalent bonds. ©) highlight an obstacle that Valentine and her colleagues had to overcome when trying to replicate the elasticity of covalently bonded polymers in polymers that have only charged ionic bonds, D) explain why Valentine and her colleagues wanted to find a way to make dry polymers that have covalent bonds and charged ionic bonds As used in line 49, “adapt” most nearly means A) B) prepare, acclimate, ©) reconcile. D) modify. ‘As used in line 51, “harbors” most neatly means A) B) conceals. protects. ©) accommodates D) contains. ReeTesDaiy, 20W HLF Tt can most reasonably be inferred from the author's description of the process used by Valentine and her colleagues that iron atoms A) typically do not bond with catechols in polymers unless the polymers are dry. B) may not bond with catechols ifthe catechols have been previously exposed to oxygen. ©) can bond with multiple catechols but only ifthe catechols are on the same individual polymer strand. will bond with catechols regardless of whether the catechols are covered with capping groups. D) 15 Bt Which choice provides the best evidence for the answet to the previous question? A) Lines 48-50 (‘So, Valentine B) Lines 50-54 (“They.... strands”) €) Lines 54-58 (‘Left .. groups”) D) Lines 58-59 (“Then polymer”) caps”)1 titealy, Sheer 1 152 | ‘The table most strongly suggests that a strengthened ‘Taken together, the passage and the table best synthetic PEG exposed to 10 megapascals of stress support which statement about polymers? ‘would be expected to A). Some commercially manufactured polymers can, A) deform but not break. absorb more than 90 times as much energy. B) break but not deform. before fracturing than PEG can before it is strengthened ©) both deform and break D) neither deform noni B) Polymers produced by mussels can absorb more than 90 times as much energy before fracturing than PEG can after itis strengthened. ©) Gellike polymers forged with only covalent bonds are 767 times as stiff as PEG is before itis strengthened. D) Synthetic polymers that are strengthened with ionic bonds are 76 times as stiff as polymers that are produced by mussels FES TS TS Ys TD SU MEE STOP If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only. Do not turn to any other section. 1s 5he EB TESTDAILY q ay e BS EM NEDAR SAT RIE WAT (a) —W—(saiR Mas |S | 'emA SNE e aed) , BESATRABA SDE, MRS ES PS Shea WAU E SH RIBRGRG, (2RTARSAT, 2-711 500+ BRIBALAG00+, BATASAT, (848700+ EITOMSATH SiH), A—-HMMRE SE 0 ER, SANGER, RoE Sakataar » ue Si HS RR fo wax RES RASATA ROY ISATHORS IEF RAIA SAT HRS i RX RPE ARR OAR ik HA URE DE HR Na Bauer 2 rae | Sc Phy eel pus Eee veka i nt CP DIME Sy das Dig ase otra ioReeTesDaiy, 20W HLF Writing and Language Test 35 MINUTES, 44 QUESTIONS Turn to Section 2 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section. pI Each passage below is accompanied by a number of questions. For some questions, you will consider how the passage might be revised to improve the expression of ideas, For other questions, you will consider how the passage might be edited to correct errars in sentence stfucture, usage, or punctuation. A passage or a question may be accompanied by ‘one or more graphics (such as a table or graph) that you will consider as you make revising and editing decisions. Some questions will direct you to an underlined portion of a passage. Other questions will direct you to a location in a passage or ask you to think about the passage as a whole. After reading each passage, choose the answer to each question that most effectively improves the quality of writing in the passage or that makes the passage conform to the conventions of standard written English. Many questions include a“NO CHANGE" option. Choose that option ifyou think the best choice isto leave the relevant portion of the passage as itis. ‘Questions 1-11 are based on the following passage. ‘The Benefits of Space Sharing As technological developments have made it possible to do numerous forms of work from any location with Internet access, many people have begun working remotely rather than commuting to a traditional office. [il tnternet technology is a wonderful thing, but some remote workers may become distracted houschold chores and entertainment, or may miss having o Which choice provides the most effective transition to the rest of the paragraph? A) NO CHANGE B) Many workers prefer a lack of direct supervision, ©). Making one’s own daily work schedule isa great idea, D) Itis convenient to work from home, @ A) NO CHANGE B) by: household chores and entertainment, ©) by household chores and entertainment D) by household chores and entertainment; E> su Bt[2 other people around. Shared work spaces offer these remote workers the environment that they need to be productive, and online space-sharing services JEW are positioned to fill this need A number of these space-sharing services, such as. LiquidSpace and PivotDesk, offer short-term rentals of traditional office space. Either in facilities businesses that rent out their'tnused workstations. Many levoted to that purpose or in buildings owned by remote workers find that spending the day in an office helps them focus and accomplish more. Hi Furthefmore, employers enjoy considerable profits thanks to the efforts of remote workers. Christian Jurinka, the CEO of the marketing firm Attack!, which rented out desks in its San Francisco office for approximately six years, recalls that at one point his company leased space to a group of graphic designers. Attack! then hired these graphic designers when the firm needed design work for one of [EM these projects. 1 Bt ReeTesDaiy, 20W HLF A) NO CHANGE B) would be C) had been D) will have been A) NO CHANGE B) space, either ©) space; yet, either D) space, they do so either A) NO CHANGE B) faithful to C) steadfast in D) unbending in Which choice most effectively sets up the example that follows in the paragraph? A) NO CHANGE B) Sharing office space can also foster networking and collaboration, ©) Individuals who work in marketing develop new ideas for advertisements based on the unusual settings online space-sharing services provide D) Fortunately, short-term leases have not proved difficult for employers to negotiate. A) NO CHANGE B) his or her ©) our D) itsJ2 Some remote workers find that they perform better 5 in less formal settings, such as restaurants and coffee shops. These places may present problems, however, including a lack of available seating, inconsistent access 4 % icons B) to the Internet, and [EWI the possibility of impulsively. buying snacks, Online space-sharing vices can now 9 mitigate many of these downsides, making work feasible D) in El bizarre environments. The start-up service Spacious, F{]] meanwhile, provides subscribers who pay a ‘monthly fee with access to work space in a variety of New A) ‘York City restaurants that otherwise would be closed 8) during the day, Spacious provides an Internet network 5 and coffee, and it employs staff members who maintain the facilities while subscribers work: Spacious subscriber oO Diana Montano, who regularly holds meetings in the A) restaurant DBGB Kitchen and Bar, enjoys the uniqueness B) of this work site, “like the fact that i's not a typical ° D) office space,” she says, adding that working in the restaurant makes her feel “part of the city.” ‘Online space-sharing services allow remote workers A) to feel motivated and connected to others while they are B) ‘on the job. Although these services often cost more than © D) ‘other options, such as working from home or going to a ih cafe productivity and improvement in their work experience for many people, the increase in their make space sharing a worthwhile investment. 519 Bt ReeTesDaiy, 20W HLF 2 Which choice provides the strongest additional support for the point being made in the sentence? NO CHANGE having to wait in line to place orders for refreshments chatter or music that can drown out business calls a range of options for snacks and meals. NO CHANGE eccentric preposterous unconventional NO CHANGE, in other words, for example, nevertheless, NO CHANGE café. For café; for café, forJ2 ‘Questions 12-22 are based on the following passage and supplementary material. Estimating the Diets of Giants As the largest land animals in history, sauropod dinosaurs of the Mesozoic era (252 to 66 million years ago) have long held paleontologist®’interest—as have the diets of these prehistoric megaherbivores, Some scientists, including Jeremy Midgley, have hypothesized that the higher atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO,) levels of the period reduced the nutritional value of FEY plants. Reduction in the nutritional value of plants would require sauropods to eat huge amounts to meet their energy needs. However, since Midgley's evidence focuses primarily on angiosperms (lowering seed plants), and it is now believed that sauropods consumed many nonangiosperm florae, such estimates are likely inaccurate, To more precisely approximate sauropods’ energy intake during the Mesozoic, scientists must not only broaden [EJ their analyses of sauropod food sources but also FE accounting for sauropod digestion. ReeTesDaiy, 20W HLF 2 Which choice most effectively combines the sentences at the underlined portion? A) plants, with this requiring sauropods to B) plants, and the requirement was that sauropods ©) plants, requiring sauropods to D) plants; this reduction required sauropods to A) NO CHANGE B) they're ©) its D) it's A) NO CHANGE B) account for ©) to account for D) DELETE the underlined portion, 5 20 Bt[2 [1] A 2018 study led by Fiona Gill of the University of Leeds BIW show the benefits of this approach, [2] The researchers compared the energy content of a variety of plants similar to those of the Mesozoic. [3] Unlike previous studies, theirs included an angiosperm, Ranunculus acris, as well as monilophytes (seedless plants), Polypodium vulgare and Equisetum hyemale, and gymnosperms (nonflowering seed plants), Ginkgo biloba and Araucaria araucana, [4] To Ff model Mesozoic conditions, the scientists grew the plants in atmospheric ‘CO, ranging from modern levels of 400 parts per million (ppm) to estimated Mesozoic levels of 800 to 2,000 ppm, then had placed the plants in fermentation chambers that simulate digestion. [TJ sh Bt ReeTesDaiy, 20W HLF NO CHANGE, have shown C) shows D)_ are showing A) NO CHANGE B) fake C) counterfeit D) fabricate A) NO CHANGE B) areplacing ©) placed D) will place ‘The writer wants to add the following sentence to this paragraph. By doing so, Gill’s approach accounts for the crucial presence of gut microbes in the sauropod digestive process ‘The best placement for the sentence is A) before sentence 1. B) after sentence 1 ©) after sentence 2. D) after sentence 42 Contrary to prior analyses, Gill's findings did not show a consistently negative correlation between CO: levels and metabolizable energy (ME). In fact, the ME of P. vulgare FB and £. hyemale peaked when the CO2 levels were raised to 1,200 ppm. The ME of these suspected sauropod foods did not decrease drastically overall when atmospheric CO; rose to the highest levels “Moreover, at a CO; level of 1,200 ppm, there was little difference between the ME values of P, vulgare and E, hyemale and that of the angiosperm R. acris. Energy Content of Plants at Different CO, Levels g 14 BE. | b--3--4—— ge a bag . aon E gee 228 9 5 ae 78 | 400 800 1,200 1,600 2,000 Atmospheric CO; concentration (parts per million) —t— R. acris + G, biloba —O-E.hyemale --°> A. araucana ~-o-- P. vulgare ‘Adapted from Fiona Gil etal, ‘Det of Giants: The Nuttional Value of Sauropod Diet during the Mesozoic” 02018 by Fiona Lilet. -Metabolizable energy i the energy avaliable for use by the animal after the loss of indigestible ane undigested material ReeTesDaiy, 20W HLF 2 2 Bt ‘The writer wants to use information from the graph. to support the point made in the previous sentence. Which choice best accomplishes this goal? A)_NO CHANGE B) and E hyemale did not rise above 14 megajoules per kilogram dry plant matter during the experiment, ©) varied more than that of E.hyemale as the COy levels increased. D) remained lower than that of E, hyemale at all levels of CO,) ReeTesDaiy, 20W HLF 2 The study's results were published in Palaeontology, a peer-reviewed journal. If, as Gill’s evidence BJ] suggests—sauropods had access to high-energy foods throughout the Mesozoic, they would have needed to cat far less than Midgley predicted; therefore, sauropod population size estimates may need to be revised upward by as much as 20 percent, Such striking results demonstrate PFJ how plants can adapt to their surroundings and affect entire ecosystems 23 Bt Which choice best sets up the discussion in the paragraph? A) NO CHANGE, B)_ Paleontologists estimate the body mass of Mesozoic sauropods at up to 50 metric tons. ©) This promising method of growing plants could be used in future experiments. D) These findings have important implications for sauropod research, A) NO CHANGE B) suggests, ©) suggests D) suggests; ‘The writer wants to conclude the passage with a statement that summarizes the main argument of the passage. Which choice best accomplishes this goal? A) NO CHANGE B) that plant responses to atmospheric CO2 are species-specific and unable to be generalized from a single study. ©) the importance of approximating period-specific conditions when estimating the diets of the biggest vertebrates to walk the Earth, D) that scientists should strive to challenge older research so that new discoveries can be made,J2 ‘Questions 23-33 are based on the following passage and supplementary material. Understanding the Dust Bowl Stretching from Canada to Texas, EE] North America and the world receive a significant amount of sgzain from the Great Plains, In the 1930s, however, an. inordinate number of dust storms plagued this agriculturally ich BZ region, they threatened the viability of many farms and rural communities. Today, this era, known asthe Dust Bowl, xemains a cautionary their potential effects across the Great Plains, ReeTesDaiy, 20W HLF A) B) oC D) A) B) °) D) S24 Bt 2 NO CHANGE large quantities of grain for North America and the world come from the Great Plains many people in North America and the world receive grain that originates in the Great Plains. the Great Plains are an important source of grain for North America and the world, NO CHANGE region; which threatened region. Threatening region, threatening NO CHANGE the potential effects of dust storms the potential effects of them. its potential effects[2 While drought and economic depression Fi definitely messed things up as well historian Donald ‘Worster argues that early twentieth-century innovations in farming tools and land-use practices exacerbated the problem of wind erosion and thus dust storms. [2] By 1930, newly introduced tractors and combines allowed. farmers to harvest a record five hundred acres of wheat in ‘two weeks, a development that led to millions of acres of ‘grassy plains being turned into grain fields. [3] Without rain and without grass roots to Keep the soil in place, hundreds of millions of tons of topsoil turned to dust and were swep fauna, 25 Bt ReeTesDaiy, 20W HLF fa A) NO CHANGE B) sure had alot to do with it too, C)_ were no doubt additional factors, D)_ also had some really bad effects, ‘The writer wants to add the following sentence to this paragraph. Another invention, the one-way disc plow, turned soil over more quickly and shallowly than did older plow models, leaving behind a thin, loose surface layer of topsoil ‘The best placement for the sentence is |A) before sentence 1. B) after sentence 1. ©) afier sentence 2. D) after sentence 32 Dust storms were FX in no means unheard of in the semiarid Great Plains. Dodge City, Kansas, for example, ‘experienced around 20 dust storms per year in 1926 and. 1927, but the number that occurred in the 1930s was unprecedented. At the peak of the Dust Bowl in 1937, the city suffered over 120 dust storms, More years of severe wind erosion followed, and the number of annual dust storms would BE] continue to increase until 1941 Dust Stomns in Dodge City, Kansas 140. 100: 80. 60: 40: ‘Number of dust stomns ‘Adapted from W.5.Chepit FH Siddoway, and DV, Armbrust “climatic Index of Wind erosion Conditions in the Great Plains" ©1963 by Soi Science Soclety of America ‘The Dust Bow!’s disastrous environmental effects served as a wake-up call to not only farmers but the federal government as well. In 1937, President Franklin D. Roosevelt cautioned that “[a] nation that destroys its soil destroys itself,” and over the next decade numerous government initiatives were established. For instance, the Prairie States Forestry Project planted some 200 million trees on 30,000 farms cross the Great Plains to reduce ‘wind speed, and the Federal Emergency Relief Administration Efi] offered subsidies to farmers who plowed their fields in ways that prevented soil erosion, 5 8 wt ReeTesDaiy, 20W HLF ED A) NO CHANGE, B) byno way ©) ofno way D)» by no means Which choice provides the most accurate interpretation of the data in the graph? A) NO CHANGE B) not return to single digits (©) remain in the triple digits D) not noticeably decrease Which choice best supports the idea presented in the previous sentence? A) NO CHANGE B) established emergency programs to put teachers to work and generate new educational opportunities for people across the nation, ©) distributed short-term financial and material assistance to minimize the effects of the economic turmoil of the 1930s. D) enabled local administrations in every state to study the most effective ways to assist with different communities’ needs.Such preparative measures proved effective. As ‘economists Zeynep Hansen and Gary Libecap note, Fill he Plains were struck by another drought in the 1950s. Atthat time, however, the Plains suffered nowhere near the same amount of wind erosion as during the decade of the Dust Bowl. Today, the lessons learned from the Dust Bow! EZ] informs modern sustainable farming practices and preventive policies that EEJ improve the ‘way that farmers cultivate anid harvest a wide variety of srops. sa Bt Which choice most effectively combines the sentences at the underlined portion? |A)_ two decades after the Dust Bowl, there was a later drought in the 1950s, and it caused. B) when another drought struck the Plains in the 1950s, there was ©) in the 1950s, another drought struck the Plains, yet that drought caused D) the 1950s saw another drought strike the Plains, but at that time there was A) NO CHANGE B) has informed (©) have informed D) isinforming Which choice provides the most effective conclusion to the passage? A) NO CHANGE B) continue to make agricultural business and development important parts of the nation's infrastructure (©) ensure that America’s farmland can withstand. dynamic and challenging economic demands, D) help keep the large-scale, destructive dust storms of the 1930s a distant memory.‘Questions 34-44 are based on the following passage. A Diplomatic Design Since the United States bicentennial in 1976, the federal government has encouraged its various departments to create educational exhibits and museums for the public to enjoy. In 2000, the State Department finally decided to join those ranks when its officials first began considering the architecture EJ of an addition—a ‘museum called the US Diplomacy Center. The existing State Department building, named after former president Harry S. Truman, was designed in a style called stripped classicism, which draws inspiration from ancient Greek architecture but removes any ornamentation, smposing simple forms, such as a portico of tall square columns and a rectangular beam, the Truman Building has an austere beauty, EJ butt also can seem cold and imposing. How, then, could the State Department present a friendly face to the world with its ‘new museum while also maintaining the building's architectural character? 5 28 Bt 4) B) o D) A) B) °) D) 4) B) co D) NO CHANGE, of, an addition, ofan addition of an addition; NO CHANGE Ina composition with, Composed of Asa composite for NO CHANGE it however, it DELETE the underlined portion.[2 To undertake the task of designing the addition, the State Department hired Egyptian-born Hany Hassan, a veteran Washington, DC, architect EY inspired by the building designs of his native country. Hassan decided to house the US Diplomacy Center in a low rectangular box just in front of the existing entrance, Ef and creating additional space for exhibit halls, a café, and a gift shop underground. Coherent in style with the original building, the addition would employ straight ines and right angles and would have no exterior decoration. jecause the center will offer diplomatic simulations for students, though, Hassan called for an exterior made of glass panels that would reflect the trees across the street and allow the building to be lit from within at night, like a beacon, symbolizing “the whole gesture of reaching out,” he explained 5 29 Bt ReeTesDaiy, 20W HLF 2 Which choice provides the most relevant detail? A) NO CHANGE B) known for his modern updates of historic buildings. ©) who has worked on buildings all over the world, D) with experience in both teaching and administration 138 | A) NO CHANGE B) creating ©) this created D) created Which choice provides the best transition to the information that follows in the paragraph? A) NO CHANGE B) Because the State Department employs staff who study diplomatic history, ©) To prepare the center to house over 7,000 objects in its museum, D) Tomake the building appealing to passersby,In September 2014, the then secretary of EQ] state: john Kerry presided over a groundbreaking ceremony for the center, and a challenging construction process began. ‘The entrance to the Truman Building needed to remain accessible, so work had to proceed E¥] around a walkway left accessibly open for State Department employees. However, when a three-ton section of the Berlin Wall was donated after constrtiction had already commenced, crews had to [EE] fortify the foundation at the spot where it would be displayed. 40 A) B) °) D) A) B) ° D) 5 30 Bt NO CHANGE state John Kerry presided over, state John Kerry, presided over state John Kerry presided over NO CHANGE around a walkway left around a walkway left accessible and and be done around a walkway left NO CHANGE As aresult, For example, Furthermore, NO CHANGE confirm invigorate intensify[2 ‘The main pavilion, with its bright white walls and glass ceiling, was completed in January 2017. Ata ceremony marking the end of construction, Secretary Kerry described the new center as “the ideal place in which to relate [the] story” of American diplomacy. With its geometric shape and reflective walls bringing the ‘Truman Building and its surroundings together, Hi complete with a glass ceiling and a dual staircase, the US Diplomacy Center is set to play an important role in telling this story. ReeTesDaiy, 20W HLF 2 Which choice provides the most effective support for the main point of the paragraph? A) NO CHANGE, B)_ helping it blend in with the other twenty-first-century buildings in the neighbothood, ©) much like diplomats attempting to bring together opposing sides in a conflict, D) and its exhibits complementing the other impressive museums in Washington, DC, FES TS TS Ys TD SUA MEE STOP If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only. 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EI For questions 1-15, solve each problem, choose the best answer from the choices provided, and filin the corresponding bubble on your answer sheet. Far questions 16-20, solve the problem and enter your answer in the grid on the answer sheet. Please refer to the directions before question 16 on how to enter your answers in the grid. You may use any available space in your test booklet for scratch work. 1. The use ofa calculator is not pen ited. 2. Allvariables and expressions used represent real numbers unless otherwise indicated. 3. Figures provided in this test are drawn to scale unless otherwise indicated. 4. All figures lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated. 5. Unless otherwise indicated, the domain of a given function f is the set of all real numbers x for which f(x) isa real number. 4 NS . 5 > x3 ‘ Asam Special Right Triangles ater —"; 7 V=twh The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360. The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2x. The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles ofa triangle is 180. ux E>3 ‘There were 1,400 sea otters in a population at the beginning of a study. The number of sea otters in this population increased at arate of approximately 52 per year. Which function f gives the approximate number of sea otters in the population t years after the beginning of the study? A) (0 =52e+ 1,400 B) FO =52t- 1,400 © f@ =—s2e+ 1,400 D) FO =-52r— 1.400 ‘The function h is defined by h(x What is the value of h(3) ? A 2 10 B) os D) 12 sat ‘Ke TestDaily, ge ‘What isthe y-intercept of the line graphed? A) (1,0) B) (@,-1) ©) (0,2) D) 20) r= The given equation relates the positive numbers qr, and s. Which equation correctly expresses r in terms ofgands? A) r=qts B) r=qs Ores a p r=! 3gw a Which expression is equivalent Ix-21=8 to CS —y)OF=- 27)? What is one of the solutions to the given equation? A)-10 A) xtytaaxt—ytt ryt B) -6 6 B) dytaxt- yo yt am ©) xy? = x! yg ryt ‘There is exactly one solution to which of the following equations? 4 + 1 6r=3Qx+1) g M, 6x=3 (+2) 23+ = Ur A) Tonly 5, P (60.23) B) Ionly 3 ©) tana tt Bl D) Neither I and II 3 ° 0 120 ‘Time (minutes) Yesterday Ali knitted part of a scarf. Today Ali continued knitting the scarf for a certain number of minutes. The graph shown models the length of the scarf, in inches, x minutes after Ali began knitting the scarf today. Which statement is the best interpretation of point P in this context? A) The scarf was 2.5 inches long 60 minutes after Ali began knitting today. B) The scarf was 60 inches long 2.5 minutes after Ali began knitting today. ©) The scarf increased in length by 2.5 inches during Ali's first 60 minutes of knitting today. D) The scarf increased in length by 60 inches during Ali's first 2.5 minutes of knitting today. sux E>AB=3 AC=4 BC=5 ‘The side lengths of right triangle ABC are given. Triangle ABC is similar to triangle DEF, where B corresponds to E and C corresponds to F. What is the value of tan F? a? 5 » o¢ ») $ Re TestDally, ge mas0 ree) I~ a)? = 1] In the function fshown, a > 1. Which of the following could be the graph of y= f(x)? Ay o 3 (aa) B) x (aay oq ° x aI (ara) Dy (aa) a xo a 2 Line g in the xy-plane has a slope of 2 and contains the point (-6, 2). Which of the following is an For which of the following tables are all the values of x and their corresponding values of y solutions to equation offline g? the given system of inequalities? 4 ay 1 GB 33 619 8 | 20 ®) [x [> S| 2 6 [4 8 [5 obp [8 a 619 A restaurant chain operated 170 locations in 1990. 3 [5 Bach year for the next 15 years, the number of locations increased by approximately 9% from the D) [= previous year. Which function f best models this a situation, where f(t) is the approximate number of 55 locations t years after 1990? «fit -8 | 20 A) f(Q = 170(.09)t B) f= 170(4.099%8 © f@=1700.9)¢ bd) f= 1700.9) 36 33 cova pg ne 3 wg ‘The function fis defined by (2) = (-8)(4)*-2 t ‘What is the y-intercept of the graph of y = f(x) in the xy-plane? A) (0,16) B) (0,-6) ©) 0,-8) ee) Note: Figure not drawn to scale D) (0-10) In the figure shown, line intersects lines k and & Which of the following additional pieces of information is sufficient to prove that lines k and £ are parallel? A)x=w B) D) y=180-w3 “ee ge 3 For questions 16-20, solve the problem and 2 enter your answer in the grid, as described ws Answer: 13 Answer: 2.5 below, on the answer sheet. ite er nS) 7 7h 2 2|.|5 1 Atoupinoreaute eee" BEI mins you write your answer in the boxes at the top oo ooo = of the columns to help you fillin the bubbles laleo aqogoa accurately. You will receive credit only ifthe aloe ale alo bubbles are filled in correctly. Gridin Qaooqo@ Q@oq\o 2. Mark no more than one bubble in any column, result. LOalao} QO 3. No question has a negative answer. geo ge98 4, Some problems may have more than one correct answer. In such cases, grid only one DQ'2 QegVo ao DOO|O answer L Dao Doo 5. Mixed numbers such as 3 5 mustbe gridded as 3.5 or 7/2. (if [3] is entered into the Acceptable ways to grid 2 are: ari, wil be interpreted as 21, not 3-4.) _|zl7[s| [.Jelele) |. |elel7] 6. Decimal answers: f you obtain a decimal jDje| DIO} ajo answer with more digits than the grid can BECO #090 #2109 accommodate, it may be either rounded or QjQ/@ eee Qe truncated, but it must fil the entire grid sess ssss ssess Gade DAGdo add QQ Gee aeco QQ DOGO ooo @QoQe eee deseo DQ Aegdo aAode Answer: 201 - either position is correct 20|1| |2/0/1 ID|a} ID|a on BIDS DIDO wowelinanycohinn jojejo IDO paceperntng DAQOS — DA[@|O_ Ehimsyouson DSIDO— MO|O|O sesttsesnouave gus [CONTINUE 9ut eet =, what isthe vale of 20-57 Sx+3y=6 4x4 4y =2 ‘The solution to the given system of equations is (x,y). Whats the value of x? x?48r+2=0 ‘One solution to the given equation can be written as —8+Vk 2 where kis a constant. What is the value of k? If x+y= JZay FS) , what isthe value of x? +y#? Fa In the citcle above, radius OB has length 1. The measure of ZAOB is equal to the measure of 2BOC and the length of are ABCis S*. Whats the measure, in degrees, of ZAOB (Disregard the degree symbol when gridding your answer.) STOP If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only. Do not turn to any other section. 295sean, Epi nc 4 Math Test - Calculator 55 MINUTES, 38 QUESTIONS Turn to Section 4 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section. EI For questions 1-30, solve each problem, choose the best answer from the choices provided, and filln the corresponding bubble on your answer sheet. For questions 31-38, solve the problem and enter your answer in the grid on the answer sheet, Please refer to the directions before question 31 on how to enter your answers in the grid. You may use any available space in your test booklet for scratch work, 1. The use of a calculator is permitted. 2. Allvariables and expressions used represent real numbers unless otherwise indicated. 3, Figures provided in this test are drawn to scale unless otherwise indicated. 4, All figures lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated. 5, Unless otherwise indicated, the domain of a given function f is the set of all real numbers x for which f(x) isa real number. £ b\ a p Pe ON £ lw ih f < ai he b io ra Y 4 Pa 5 Azar Aztw A pbk Special Right Triangles C=2ar b 7 V=twh The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360. The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2x, The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles ofa triangle is 180. nox Em»‘Tania flew from a cliff with a hang glider, She gained speed as she initially dropped and then climbed upward at a slower rate She then glided at a constant altitude, Which of the following graphs could represent her altitude during the portion of her flight described? A) B) a, ao. ° D) t fyb \ (NJ : a a Time Time ‘The energy used by a heater, in kilowatt-hours, is the product of the power it consumes, in kilowatts, and. the time, in hours, itis in use, How much energy, in Kilowatt-houts, is used by a 1.5-kilowatt heater that is in use for 6:0 hours? A) 9.0 B) 75 ©) 40 D) 0.25 mean oe4 caf ae 4 0 2 4 6 8 wo 2 4 16 ‘Yeats since January 1, 1995 ‘The curve models the number of Internet users in the ‘world, in millions, asa function of time, in years since January 1, 1995, According to the model, in what year did the number of Internet users first exceed 700 million? A) 1998 B) 2000 ©) 2003 D) 2011 2 Bt If3(x + 6) = 2(x + 6) + 15, whats the value of x46? A) 16 B) 15. Q 0 D) 3 Which expression is a factor of x3 — 4x? A) @+4) B) @-4) ©) @-4) D) @?-1) The ratio of an object's weight on Mercury to its weight on Earth is 0.378 to 1. An object weighs 450 newtons on Earth, Which of the following is Closest to its weight, in newtons, on Mercury? A) 170 B) 340 ©) 590 D) 1,2004 ‘A dish contained 15 candies. Vivek added candies from x identical bags to the dish, resulting in a total of 115 candies in the dish. The equation 20x + 15 = 115 represents this situation, Which of the following is the best interpretation of 20 in this context? ‘A) 20 candies from each bag were added to the dish. B) 20 candies were in the dish before more candies were added. ©) 20 bags of candy were used to add candies to the dish D) A total of 20 candies were added to the dish seen ates nae 3 Bt ‘The graph ofa system of linear equations is shown. ‘Which of the following could be the solution (x,y) to the system? A) (4.4) B) .-5) ©) G0) D) (4,-4)[4 ‘Questions 9 and 10 refer to the following information. ‘The Bight Longest Rivers in the United States Length (miles) The graph shows the lengths of the eight longest rivers in the United States, o ‘Which of the following is closest to the length of the ‘Columbia River, in kilometers? (Use 1 mile = 1.6 kilometers. A) 2,250 B) 2,000 ©) 1,250 D) 780 a4 Bt seein, fRRhae nas 4 ‘The Amazon River is approximately 100% longer than the Mississippi River. Of the following, which is closest to the length, in miles, of the Amazon River? A) 2,200 B) 3,300 © 4.400 D) 5,5004 AU TesDaty, BR 4 Water [Salt (gallons) | (cups) 2 1 4 2 6 3 ‘The table shows the amount of a particular brand of sea salty, in cups, that should be added to a given volume of water x, in gallons, to yield the recommended salinity for tropical fish ina fish tank. Which graph could represent the relationship between x and y ? Ny By y 6 i 6 5 s. 4 | 4 3 x 2 2. 1 1 123456 Oo1rs 456 yo ? ° 6 5 4 \e 1 oi23 45 6 sas EI»‘The element iridium has a density of 22.6 grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm), A sample of iridium has 4 volume of 10.0 cm’, What is the mass, in grams, of the sample? A) 226 B) 126 ©) 226 D) 22,600 Questions 13 and 14 refer to the following information. A building has 60 apartments available to rent, as shown, in the table. ‘Area (sq A) Number available ‘At Teast 300 but less than 600 10 ‘At Teast 600 but less than 900 30. 900 oF greater 20 ‘The monthly rent y, in dollars, charged for each apartment can be modeled by the equation y= 1.5x + 50, where.xis the area, in square feet (sq ft, of the apartment. If one of the 60 apartments is selected at random, what is the probability of selecting an apartment that hhas an area of at least 600 sq ft? A) B) D) snow Er»4 cee te 4 Which of the following graphs best models the monthly rent? A) ° y B) ¥ z (300325) (300300) Z 3300 600 900 1.360 3300600 900.1386 ‘Area of partinent (5403 ‘Ave of apartment (60) x D) z 1.800 1.800 F isvo To 3 1400. 2 1300 3 1200 3 1200 = 1000 = 1000 2 0 5 800 2 om seo = S00 —to005 = ito 300,500) 3 200 2 200 or 300 600 900 1,200 ry 300 600 900 1,200 Area of apartment (sf ‘Ave of apartment (6) mar Ir