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Mechanical Drives 2 Lap 7
Mechanical Drives 2 Lap 7
LEARNING
DRIVES 2 ACTIVITY
PACKET
TM
B503-XC
LEARNING ACTIVITY PACKET 7
INTRODUCTION
In the Mechanical Drives 1 course, you were introduced to chain drives and their
basic operation, particularly roller chain drives. In this LAP, you will learn about two
more types of chain drives commonly used in industry: silent chain drives and multiple
strand chain drives.
You will also learn how a particular chain drive is selected based on the application
and how to lubricate and maintain a chain drive system.
ITEMS NEEDED
Needed Amatrol Supplied
Items
Type B hubs allow for a more secure attachment to a shaft than the
hub-less sprockets. Consequently, they can be used for heavier-duty and
higher speed applications than can hub-less sprockets.
his
dT Silent chain consists of a series of leaf links connected together
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side-by-side much like a leaf chain, as shown in figure 6. Each leaf has
two teeth that are oriented upside down, which is why silent chain is also
called inverted tooth chain. Further, the leaves are designed so that some
teeth on each row have leading teeth and others have trailing teeth, as is
also shown in figure 6. This causes the chain to maintain continuous
contact with the sprocket, thereby reducing noise. In fact, the silent chain
is 35% quieter than roller chain.
SPROCKET
GROOVE
GUIDE
his
dT The installation of a silent chain drive system is very similar to the
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installation of a roller chain drive system. The steps involved in
mounting a silent chain drive system are as follows:
Step 1. Mount the Motor and the Driven Component, Level their
Shafts, and Check for Run-Out
• The motor and driven shafts are mounted, leveled and checked for
run-out.
Chain Removal
• Chain removal is accomplished by either moving the shaft centers
close together or by removing a connecting link.
Procedure Overview
In this procedure, you will install and align a silent
chain drive system. This installation process is similar to
installing a roller chain drive system.
This
❑ 1. Perform the following safety checkout to prepare for working with
Do
SILENT
CHAIN
MOTOR
ADJUSTABLE
BASE
SET SCREW
B. Use a hex key wrench to back out the set screw so that it is not
extending into the shaft hole.
C. Clean the motor shaft’s key seat and the sprocket’s hub’s key
seat with a wire brush to make sure that no dirt or burs are in
the keyseats.
D. Select a 3/16 square x 1 inch key from your key stock.
NOTE
tic
e This The hub of the silent chain sprocket is so long that the
No
sprocket will not sit flush with the motor shaft. When you come
across a situation like this, simply slide the component onto the
shaft or for as will go. You must, however, make sure that the
setscrew engages the key.
❑ 11. Place a straight edge against the two sprockets to check for alignment.
If the face of the driver sprocket is flush against the straight edge,
the sprockets are aligned and you can proceed to Step 13.
If, however, only one or no points of the driver sprocket is
touching the straight edge, the shafts are not parallel, and you
should perform Step 12 to align the sprockets.
B. Place the chain over the sprockets, making sure that the chain
guides fall into the grooves of the sprockets.
C. Turn the motor base’s lead screws so that the motor moves
away from the driven shaft and lightly grips the chain.
The chain should straighten out, as shown in figure 16, but it
should not have any tension in it yet. This will just hold the
chain in place.
❑ 17. Place a cloth under the chain and spray the Teflon lubricant onto
the chain until it is coated.
WARNING
ning Do not operate the mechanical drive system without the guard
ar
W
Ans
1. The type of sprocket that is most often welded to a shaft is
called a ______ ________ sprocket.
dT
his The multiple-strand chain is constructed of one or more widths of
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Multiple-strand chain drive systems work just like any other chain
drive systems. The teeth of the driver sprocket engage with the links of
the multiple-strand chain. This transfers power from the driver shaft to
the chain, which then applies its power to the driven shaft, as shown in
figure 21.
dT
his The installation of a multiple-strand chain drive system is very
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similar to the installation of most other chain drive systems. The steps
involved in mounting a multiple-strand chain drive system are as
follows:
Step 1. Mount the Motor and the Driven Component, Level their
Shafts, and Check for Run-Out
• The motor and driven shafts are mounted, leveled and checked for
run-out.
Chain Removal
• Chain removal is accomplished by either moving the shaft centers
close together or by removing a connecting link.
Procedure Overview
In this procedure, you will install and align a
multiple-strand chain drive system. This installation
process is similar to installing a roller chain drive system.
This
❑ 1. Perform the following safety checkout to prepare for working with
Do
Floor is dry
I. Now, carefully slide the tapered bore sprocket onto the bushing
making sure the three holes are lined up. The sprocket does not
have to, and probably will not, slide until it is entirely flush
with the bushing.
This
tic
e
NOTE
No
J. Insert the two setscrews into the holes directly adjacent to the
split.
K. Tighten the setscrews until they are snug and the sprocket
comes flush with the bushing.
C. Place the chain over the sprockets. Make sure that the multiple
strands of the chain match up with the multiple sprockets.
WARNING
ning Do not operate the mechanical drive system without the guard
ar
W
in place. Also, do not attempt to open or bypass the guard at any
time during operation. Performing any of these actions will create
a hazardous situation.
Ans
1. A special type of chain drive that has two or more strands of
chain affixed side-by-side and is used on _________ -duty
machinery is called a(an)__________ - __________ chain
drive.
dT
his The chain pitch and pitch length are important concepts in chain
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Chain Pitch
Unlike v-belt drives, pitch has a specific meaning in a chain drive.
The pitch of a chain is the distance between the center of one pin of a
chain link and the corresponding center of the pin of the next link, as
shown in figure 28.
Chain pitch is important because it specifies both chain size and
length.
CHAIN PITCH
PITCH LENGTH
You may also hear of chain length being measured by its number of
pitches. This means that the number of links in the chain gives the chain
length. To determine the pitch length of a chain in this case, simply
multiply the total number of pitches in the chain by the pitch (length of a
single link).
Pitch length is used to specify the length of a chain.
his
dT Roller Chain Link Specification
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Roller chain links are specified by a numbering code that is defined
by the ANSI Standards B29.1 and B29.3. These standards describe the
specific dimensions to which manufacturers should manufacture chains.
This assures interchangeability between manufacturers. A typical code
for a roller chain is shown in figure 30.
12 0
CHAIN CHAIN
PITCH DESIGN
The leftmost one or two digits describe the pitch of the chain in
eighths of an inch. For example, a chain code of 120 means that the
chain pitch is 12 eighths of an inch, or 1.5 inches. A code of 60 means
that the chain pitch is 6 eighths of an inch, or 0.75 inches.
The next digit to the right of the one or two-digit pitch code
describes the chain design. It can either be a 0 for standard roller chain, a
1 for lightweight roller chain, or a 5 for rollerless bushing chain.
For heavy series chain, an H, as shown in figure 31 follows these
two or three digits. This type of chain has links that have a plate
thickness which is equal to the next larger pitch size of standard chain.
Standard roller chain will not have letters in its code. For example, a
120H is a heavy-duty roller chain, while a 120 is a standard roller chain.
12 0 H
SC - 6 12
Notice that this size code uses only 1 digit for the pitch, meaning that
the greatest pitch specified by the code is 1 inch. This is because silent
chains are used on smaller power applications below 50 Hp. Their main
advantages are high-speed capability and quiet operation.
High Velocity Heavy Duty chain, or simply HV chain, is specified in
a similar manner as silent chain. The only difference is the chain pitch is
preceded by the letters HV.
Chain Length
The length of all types of chains is specified either by the number of
pitches (links) or the pitch length. Chain comes in standard lengths that
are in turn cut to the length needed for the application. This is done by
separating one of the links with a tool of some type.
dT
his Sprockets are specified in much the same way as chains are. That’s
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because the sprocket must exactly match the chain that it is being used to
drive.
To specify a sprocket, you must know:
• Number of Strands
• Chain Type and Size
• Bushing Type and Size / Bore Size
• Number of Teeth
A typical sprocket specification is shown in the figure below.
D60 C 35
SPROCKET
# OF PITCH # OF
ROLLER
STRANDS TEETH
CHAIN
SPROCKET
TYPE
Number of Strands
The first digit in the code is a letter indicating the number of strands
of the sprocket. The letters are given under the following code:
Blank = single strand
D = Double or two strands
T = Triple or three strands
F = Four strands
Procedure Overview
In this procedure, you will first identify the
characteristics of chains and sprockets given their
specification codes.
This ❑ 1. Identify the size and type of chain given the following
Do
specification:
Chain Specification: SC-608
Pitch: __________________________________________(in/mm)
Chain Type: ___________________________________________
Chain Width: ____________________________________(in/mm)
The pitch of the above chain specification is 6 eighths or 3/4 of an
inch. It is a silent chain (SC) that is 8/4 or 2 inches wide.
❑ 2. Identify the size and type of chain given the following
specification:
Chain Specification: 50-4
Pitch: __________________________________________(in/mm)
Chain Type: ___________________________________________
Chain Width: ___________________________________(strands)
The pitch of the above chain is 5/8 of an inch long. It is a multiple
strand roller chain which is four strands wide.
his
dT Sometimes it may be necessary to identify the size and type of a
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sprocket whose part number can’t be determined. In this case, you can do
so by making a few measurements.
To determine a sprocket specification you need to determine the
following:
• Type of Chain
• Number of Strands
• Pitch
• Sprocket Type
• Number of Teeth
• Bushing Type/Bore Size
Number of Strands
Next, you need to determine the number of strands that the sprocket
has.
Pitch
The pitch of the sprocket can be determined by measurement. Using
a machinist’s rule, measure the distance between two successive sprocket
teeth, as shown in figure 35. Don’t forget to translate this number into
the chain pitch code.
Number of Teeth
The number of teeth are counted.
Chain Specification
You can determine the size and type of chain in much the same way
as was done for sprockets. To identify the size and type of chain, you
need to determine the following:
• Type of chain
• Pitch
• Number of strands
• Number of links
• Construct the chain specification
Type of Chain
Here a quick glance is all that is needed to determine the type of
chain used on the drive. You then use the following numbers in the chain
code.
0 Standard Roller Chain
1 Lightweight Chain
5 Rollerless Chain
20 Double Pitch Chain
Pitch
The pitch can be measured using a machinist’s rule. Measure the
distance between successive pins on the chain. Don’t forget to translate
this value in to the chain pitch code.
Number of Strands
Determine how wide the chain is by counting its number of strands.
Number of Links
You will want to replace an existing chain with one that is the same
length. Do not measure an old chain. Remember, it can stretch under use.
The length of a chain is determined by counting its number of links.
Procedure Overview
In this procedure, you will examine chains and
sprockets in order to identify their specifications. This skill
may be useful in the event you have to identify a drive
component whose specification isn’t available.
This ❑ 1. Obtain the following items from the 950-ME trainer and place
Do
tic
e This NOTE
No
The trainer should still be set up with the multiple strand chain
drive. You do not have to disassemble this set-up for this skill.
Sprocket No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Drive Type
No. of Strands
Pitch
Sprocket Type
No. of Teeth
Mounting
Bore
Specification
e This NOTE
tic
No
Sprocket No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Drive Type Roller Roller Roller Multiple Multiple Silent Silent
No. of Strands 1 1 1 2 2 1 1
Pitch 40 40 40 40 40 40 40
Sprocket Type B B B B B B B
No. of Teeth 30 20 15 23 15 17 17
Mounting Finished Finished Finished Bushed Bushed Finished Finished
Bore (inches) 5/8 5/8 5/8 5/8 5/8 5/8 5/8
Specification 40B30 40B20 40B15 D40BTL23 D40ATL15 SC404-17 SC404-17
Chain No. 1 2 3
Drive Type
No. of Strands
Pitch
No. of Pitches
Specification
Chain No. 1 2 3
Drive Type Roller Silent Multiple
No. of Strands 1 3 2
Pitch 40 40 40
No. of Pitches 80 74 76
his
dT Most chain and sprocket manufacturers provide a step-by-step
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process that can be used to determine the necessary chain drive, as
shown below:
1. Determine the Design Power
2. Approximate the Chain Pitch and the Size of the Smaller
Sprocket
3. Verify that the Small Sprocket is Large Enough for its Shaft
4. Compute the Size of the Larger Sprocket
5. Approximate the Length of Chain
6. Select Sprocket and Bushing Sizes
This process is described as follows:
Step 2. Approximate the Chain Pitch and the Size of the Smaller
Sprocket
The power and the rotational speed of the smaller sprocket determine
chain pitch. Pitch is most often calculated by using a table similar to the
one shown in figure 36.
0
24
0
20
0
18
0
16
0
14
0
12
0
10
80
DESIGN HORSEPOWER
60
50
40
35
25
HORSEPOWER RATINGS STANDARD SINGLE STRAND ROLLER CHAIN - NO. 60 - 3/4” PITCH
No. of REVOLUTIONS PER MINUTE - SMALL SPROCKET
Teeth
Small 10 25 50 100 150 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500
Spkt.
12 0.20 0.45 0.85 1.58 2.28 2.95 4.25 5.51 6.74 7.94 9.12 10.3 11.4 12.6 13.7 13.5 10.7 8.77 7.35 6.28 4.49 3.42 2.71 2.22 1.86
13 0.22 0.50 0.92 1.73 2.49 3.22 4.64 6.01 7.34 8.65 9.94 11.2 12.5 13.7 14.9 15.2 12.1 9.89 8.29 7.08 5.06 3.85 3.06 2.50 0
14 0.24 0.54 1.00 1.87 2.69 3.49 5.02 6.51 7.96 9.37 10.8 12.1 13.5 14.8 16.2 17.0 13.5 11.1 9.26 7.91 5.66 4.31 3.42 2.80 0
15 0.25 0.58 1.08 2.01 2.90 3.76 5.41 7.01 8.57 10.1 11.6 13.1 14.5 16.0 17.4 18.8 15.0 12.3 10.3 8.77 6.28 4.77 3.79 3.10 0
16 0.27 0.62 1.16 2.16 3.11 4.03 5.80 7.52 9.19 10.8 12.4 14.0 15.6 17.1 18.7 20.2 16.5 13.5 11.3 9.66 6.91 5.26 4.17 3.42 0
17 0.29 0.66 1.24 2.31 3.32 4.30 6.20 8.03 9.81 11.6 13.3 15.0 16.7 18.3 19.9 21.6 18.1 14.8 12.4 10.6 7.57 5.76 4.57 3.74 0
18 0.31 0.70 1.31 2.45 3.53 4.58 6.59 8.54 10.4 12.3 14.1 15.9 17.7 19.5 21.2 22.9 19.7 16.1 13.5 11.5 8.25 6.28 4.98 4.08 0
19 0.33 0.75 1.39 2.60 3.74 4.85 6.99 9.05 11.1 13.0 15.0 16.9 18.8 20.6 22.5 24.3 21.4 17.5 14.6 12.5 8.95 6.81 5.40 4.42 0
20 0.35 0.79 1.47 2.75 3.96 5.13 7.38 9.57 11.7 13.8 15.8 17.9 19.8 21.8 23.8 25.7 23.1 18.9 15.8 13.5 9.66 7.35 5.83 0
21 0.36 0.83 1.55 2.90 4.17 5.40 7.78 10.1 12.3 14.5 16.7 18.8 20.9 23.0 25.1 27.1 24.8 20.3 17.0 14.5 10.4 7.91 6.28 0
22 0.38 0.87 1.63 3.05 4.39 5.68 8.19 10.6 13.0 15.3 17.5 19.8 22.0 24.2 26.4 28.5 26.6 21.8 18.2 15.6 11.1 8.48 6.73 0
23 0.40 0.92 1.71 3.19 4.60 5.96 8.59 11.1 13.6 16.0 18.4 20.8 23.1 25.4 27.7 29.9 28.4 23.3 19.5 16.7 11.9 9.07 7.19 0
24 0.42 0.96 1.79 3.35 4.82 6.24 8.99 11.6 14.2 16.8 19.3 21.7 24.2 26.6 29.0 31.3 30.3 24.8 20.8 17.8 12.7 9.66 7.67 0
25 0.44 1.00 1.87 3.50 5.04 6.52 9.40 12.2 14.9 17.5 20.1 22.7 25.3 27.8 30.3 32.7 32.2 26.4 22.1 18.9 13.5 10.3 8.15 0
26 0.46 1.05 1.95 3.65 5.25 6.81 9.80 12.7 15.5 18.3 21.0 23.7 26.4 29.0 31.6 34.1 34.2 28.0 23.4 20.0 14.3 10.9 8.65 0
28 0.50 1.13 2.12 3.95 5.69 7.37 10.6 13.8 16.8 19.8 22.8 25.7 28.5 31.4 34.2 37.0 38.2 31.3 26.2 22.4 16.0 12.2 0
30 0.54 1.22 2.28 4.26 6.13 7.94 11.4 14.8 18.1 21.4 24.5 27.7 30.8 33.8 36.8 39.8 42.4 34.7 29.1 24.8 17.8 13.5 0
32 0.57 1.31 2.45 4.56 6.57 8.52 12.3 15.9 19.4 22.9 26.3 29.7 33.0 36.3 39.5 42.7 46.7 38.2 32.0 27.3 19.6 14.9 0
35 0.63 1.44 2.69 5.03 7.24 9.38 13.5 17.5 21.4 25.2 29.0 32.7 36.3 39.9 43.5 47.1 53.4 43.7 36.6 31.3 22.4 17.0 0
40 0.73 1.67 3.11 5.81 8.37 10.8 15.6 20.2 24.7 29.1 33.5 37.7 42.0 46.1 50.3 54.4 62.5 53.4 44.7 38.2 27.3 0
45 0.83 1.89 3.53 6.60 9.50 12.3 17.7 23.0 28.1 33.1 38.0 42.0 47.7 52.4 57.1 61.7 70.9 63.7 53.4 45.6 32.6 0
Type A Type B Type C
Figure 37. Table Used to Determine Number of Teeth on the Small Sprocket
Step 3. Verify that the Small Sprocket is Large Enough for its
Shaft
Sprockets have a limit the size of the bore that can be drilled into
them. In this step, the sprocket size that was approximated in step 2 is
looked up in the manufacturer’s catalog to verify that it can handle the
diameter of the shafts. If not, the smallest sprocket that will
accommodate the shaft is used.
FORMULA
S
Length = 2C +
2
Where:
C = distance between centers of the sprockets measured
in chain pitches
S = total number of sprocket teeth in entire system
If this result yields an even number of links, then one link is added.
This is because chains are made of two types of links. Using chains with
an odd number of pitches ensures that the two end links are roller links
and a connecting link can be used to complete the chain.
Procedure Overview
In this procedure, you will design a chain drive system
for a given application, using the process you’ve just
learned about. You will then be given a real application to
select the appropriate drive system.
FEATURE SPECIFICATION
Motor Size 12 hp
Motor Shaft Size 1/2 inch
Driven Shaft Size 1/2 inch
Distance between centers 24 inches
Application Type Centrifugal fan
Driver Shaft Speed 600 RPM
Driven Shaft Speed 300 RPM
SERVICE FACTORS
You should find that the service factor for a centrifugal fan is
1.0.
NUMBER OF
STRANDS
1
0
24
0
20
0
18
0
16
0
14
0
12
0
10
80
DESIGN HORSEPOWER
60
50
40
35
25
HORSEPOWER RATINGS STANDARD SINGLE STRAND ROLLER CHAIN - NO. 60 - 3/4” PITCH
No. of REVOLUTIONS PER MINUTE - SMALL SPROCKET
Teeth
Small 10 25 50 100 150 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500
Spkt.
12 0.20 0.45 0.85 1.58 2.28 2.95 4.25 5.51 6.74 7.94 9.12 10.3 11.4 12.6 13.7 13.5 10.7 8.77 7.35 6.28 4.49 3.42 2.71 2.22 1.86
13 0.22 0.50 0.92 1.73 2.49 3.22 4.64 6.01 7.34 8.65 9.94 11.2 12.5 13.7 14.9 15.2 12.1 9.89 8.29 7.08 5.06 3.85 3.06 2.50 0
14 0.24 0.54 1.00 1.87 2.69 3.49 5.02 6.51 7.96 9.37 10.8 12.1 13.5 14.8 16.2 17.0 13.5 11.1 9.26 7.91 5.66 4.31 3.42 2.80 0
15 0.25 0.58 1.08 2.01 2.90 3.76 5.41 7.01 8.57 10.1 11.6 13.1 14.5 16.0 17.4 18.8 15.0 12.3 10.3 8.77 6.28 4.77 3.79 3.10 0
16 0.27 0.62 1.16 2.16 3.11 4.03 5.80 7.52 9.19 10.8 12.4 14.0 15.6 17.1 18.7 20.2 16.5 13.5 11.3 9.66 6.91 5.26 4.17 3.42 0
17 0.29 0.66 1.24 2.31 3.32 4.30 6.20 8.03 9.81 11.6 13.3 15.0 16.7 18.3 19.9 21.6 18.1 14.8 12.4 10.6 7.57 5.76 4.57 3.74 0
18 0.31 0.70 1.31 2.45 3.53 4.58 6.59 8.54 10.4 12.3 14.1 15.9 17.7 19.5 21.2 22.9 19.7 16.1 13.5 11.5 8.25 6.28 4.98 4.08 0
19 0.33 0.75 1.39 2.60 3.74 4.85 6.99 9.05 11.1 13.0 15.0 16.9 18.8 20.6 22.5 24.3 21.4 17.5 14.6 12.5 8.95 6.81 5.40 4.42 0
20 0.35 0.79 1.47 2.75 3.96 5.13 7.38 9.57 11.7 13.8 15.8 17.9 19.8 21.8 23.8 25.7 23.1 18.9 15.8 13.5 9.66 7.35 5.83 0
21 0.36 0.83 1.55 2.90 4.17 5.40 7.78 10.1 12.3 14.5 16.7 18.8 20.9 23.0 25.1 27.1 24.8 20.3 17.0 14.5 10.4 7.91 6.28 0
22 0.38 0.87 1.63 3.05 4.39 5.68 8.19 10.6 13.0 15.3 17.5 19.8 22.0 24.2 26.4 28.5 26.6 21.8 18.2 15.6 11.1 8.48 6.73 0
23 0.40 0.92 1.71 3.19 4.60 5.96 8.59 11.1 13.6 16.0 18.4 20.8 23.1 25.4 27.7 29.9 28.4 23.3 19.5 16.7 11.9 9.07 7.19 0
24 0.42 0.96 1.79 3.35 4.82 6.24 8.99 11.6 14.2 16.8 19.3 21.7 24.2 26.6 29.0 31.3 30.3 24.8 20.8 17.8 12.7 9.66 7.67 0
25 0.44 1.00 1.87 3.50 5.04 6.52 9.40 12.2 14.9 17.5 20.1 22.7 25.3 27.8 30.3 32.7 32.2 26.4 22.1 18.9 13.5 10.3 8.15 0
26 0.46 1.05 1.95 3.65 5.25 6.81 9.80 12.7 15.5 18.3 21.0 23.7 26.4 29.0 31.6 34.1 34.2 28.0 23.4 20.0 14.3 10.9 8.65 0
28 0.50 1.13 2.12 3.95 5.69 7.37 10.6 13.8 16.8 19.8 22.8 25.7 28.5 31.4 34.2 37.0 38.2 31.3 26.2 22.4 16.0 12.2 0
30 0.54 1.22 2.28 4.26 6.13 7.94 11.4 14.8 18.1 21.4 24.5 27.7 30.8 33.8 36.8 39.8 42.4 34.7 29.1 24.8 17.8 13.5 0
32 0.57 1.31 2.45 4.56 6.57 8.52 12.3 15.9 19.4 22.9 26.3 29.7 33.0 36.3 39.5 42.7 46.7 38.2 32.0 27.3 19.6 14.9 0
35 0.63 1.44 2.69 5.03 7.24 9.38 13.5 17.5 21.4 25.2 29.0 32.7 36.3 39.9 43.5 47.1 53.4 43.7 36.6 31.3 22.4 17.0 0
40 0.73 1.67 3.11 5.81 8.37 10.8 15.6 20.2 24.7 29.1 33.5 37.7 42.0 46.1 50.3 54.4 62.5 53.4 44.7 38.2 27.3 0
45 0.83 1.89 3.53 6.60 9.50 12.3 17.7 23.0 28.1 33.1 38.0 42.0 47.7 52.4 57.1 61.7 70.9 63.7 53.4 45.6 32.6 0
Type A Type B Type C
Using figure 40, locate the speed of the small sprocket in the
top row. Read down this column until you reach the first power
rating that will satisfy the design power. Read left across this
row until you reach the first column. The size of the small
sprocket is indicated here. In this case, you should use a
sprocket with 18 teeth, which is rated for 12.3 horsepower.
H. Once the driver sprocket size has been determined, you must
see if it can be mounted to the shaft. Next to the sprocket size
in figure 41, is the maximum size bore that the sprocket can
accommodate. Record this value in the blank below.
Max. Bore Size ___________________________________(in)
You should have found a maximum bore size of 2.5 inches.
This number is greater than the motor shaft size.
I. Determine the drive ratio
Speed Ratio: ________________________________________
As you have already learned, the speed ratio is the speed of the
driven shaft divided by the speed of the driver shaft. Both of
these values are given in substep A.
In this case, you should find a speed ratio of 0.5 (300 rpm/600
rpm).
FEATURE SPECIFICATION
Motor Size 2 hp
Motor Shaft Size 5/8 inches
Driven Shaft Size 3/4 inches
Distance between centers 18 inches
Application Type Centrifugal compressor
Driver Shaft Speed 100 RPM
Driven Shaft Speed 75 RPM
FEATURE SPECIFICATION
Motor Size 1 hp
Motor Shaft Size 5/8 inches
Driven Shaft Size 3/4 inches
Distance between centers 30 inches
Application Type Crusher
Driver Shaft Speed 1750 RPM
Driven Shaft Speed 800 RPM
Design Power:________________________________(Hp/kW)
Chain Pitch: ___________________________________(code)
Small Sprocket Size:_____________________________(teeth)
Large Sprocket Size:_____________________________(teeth)
Chain Length: ________________________________(pitches)
❑ 4. Compare your results to the following answer guide.
Design Horsepower: 1.5
Chain Pitch: 25
Small Sprocket Size: 12 teeth
Large Sprocket Size: 27 teeth
Chain Length: 212 (211 pitches + 1 connecting link)
Ans
1. The first two or three digits of the chain sizing code reveal
the __________ of the chain.
his
dT There are four methods used to apply lubrication to a chain drive
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system. They are comprised of the same methods you learned about in a
previous LAP. The only difference is the bath and slinger disk methods
have been combined into one. Hence the four methods are:
• Manual Method
• Drip Cup Method
• Bath or Disc Method
• Forced or Stream Method
Each of these methods and the applications in which they are used is
described as follows:
Manual Method
In this method, lubricants are periodically applied with a brush or oil
can, as shown in figure 42. This method requires that the machinery be
shut down for safety.
OIL CUP
DRIPS ON
DRIVE
Figure 43. The drip method uses gravity to supply oil to mechanical components.
OIL LEVEL
The disc method uses a slinger wheel that dips into a pool of oil. As
the slinger is rotated, it scoops up a small amount of oil and slings it
against a collection plate and trough, as shown in figure 45. The trough
then directs the flow of oil to where it is needed.
COLLECTION
PLATE
SLINGER
OIL LEVEL
Figure 45. A slinger slings oil onto a collection plate and trough.
Figure 46. A pump and hose spray oil onto machinery components.
dT
his The lubrication system that is eventually used for a chain drive
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system depends primarily on the speed and load requirements of the
drive system.
The oil lubrication systems that you have just learned about are
grouped into three types, called Type A, B, and C. Type A consists of the
manual and gravity drip lubrication methods. Type B consists of the
slinger disk and the oil bath method. The oil stream method is Type C
lubrication. Each of the lubrication system types are shown in figure 47.
HORSEPOWER RATINGS STANDARD SINGLE STRAND ROLLER CHAIN - NO. 60 - 3/4” PITCH
No. of REVOLUTIONS PER MINUTE - SMALL SPROCKET
Teeth
Small 10 25 50 100 150 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500
Spkt.
12 0.20 0.45 0.85 1.58 2.28 2.95 4.25 5.51 6.74 7.94 9.12 10.3 11.4 12.6 13.7 13.5 10.7 8.77 7.35 6.28 4.49 3.42 2.71 2.22 1.86
13 0.22 0.50 0.92 1.73 2.49 3.22 4.64 6.01 7.34 8.65 9.94 11.2 12.5 13.7 14.9 15.2 12.1 9.89 8.29 7.08 5.06 3.85 3.06 2.50 0
14 0.24 0.54 1.00 1.87 2.69 3.49 5.02 6.51 7.96 9.37 10.8 12.1 13.5 14.8 16.2 17.0 13.5 11.1 9.26 7.91 5.66 4.31 3.42 2.80 0
15 0.25 0.58 1.08 2.01 2.90 3.76 5.41 7.01 8.57 10.1 11.6 13.1 14.5 16.0 17.4 18.8 15.0 12.3 10.3 8.77 6.28 4.77 3.79 3.10 0
16 0.27 0.62 1.16 2.16 3.11 4.03 5.80 7.52 9.19 10.8 12.4 14.0 15.6 17.1 18.7 20.2 16.5 13.5 11.3 9.66 6.91 5.26 4.17 3.42 0
17 0.29 0.66 1.24 2.31 3.32 4.30 6.20 8.03 9.81 11.6 13.3 15.0 16.7 18.3 19.9 21.6 18.1 14.8 12.4 10.6 7.57 5.76 4.57 3.74 0
18 0.31 0.70 1.31 2.45 3.53 4.58 6.59 8.54 10.4 12.3 14.1 15.9 17.7 19.5 21.2 22.9 19.7 16.1 13.5 11.5 8.25 6.28 4.98 4.08 0
19 0.33 0.75 1.39 2.60 3.74 4.85 6.99 9.05 11.1 13.0 15.0 16.9 18.8 20.6 22.5 24.3 21.4 17.5 14.6 12.5 8.95 6.81 5.40 4.42 0
20 0.35 0.79 1.47 2.75 3.96 5.13 7.38 9.57 11.7 13.8 15.8 17.9 19.8 21.8 23.8 25.7 23.1 18.9 15.8 13.5 9.66 7.35 5.83 0
21 0.36 0.83 1.55 2.90 4.17 5.40 7.78 10.1 12.3 14.5 16.7 18.8 20.9 23.0 25.1 27.1 24.8 20.3 17.0 14.5 10.4 7.91 6.28 0
22 0.38 0.87 1.63 3.05 4.39 5.68 8.19 10.6 13.0 15.3 17.5 19.8 22.0 24.2 26.4 28.5 26.6 21.8 18.2 15.6 11.1 8.48 6.73 0
23 0.40 0.92 1.71 3.19 4.60 5.96 8.59 11.1 13.6 16.0 18.4 20.8 23.1 25.4 27.7 29.9 28.4 23.3 19.5 16.7 11.9 9.07 7.19 0
24 0.42 0.96 1.79 3.35 4.82 6.24 8.99 11.6 14.2 16.8 19.3 21.7 24.2 26.6 29.0 31.3 30.3 24.8 20.8 17.8 12.7 9.66 7.67 0
25 0.44 1.00 1.87 3.50 5.04 6.52 9.40 12.2 14.9 17.5 20.1 22.7 25.3 27.8 30.3 32.7 32.2 26.4 22.1 18.9 13.5 10.3 8.15 0
26 0.46 1.05 1.95 3.65 5.25 6.81 9.80 12.7 15.5 18.3 21.0 23.7 26.4 29.0 31.6 34.1 34.2 28.0 23.4 20.0 14.3 10.9 8.65 0
28 0.50 1.13 2.12 3.95 5.69 7.37 10.6 13.8 16.8 19.8 22.8 25.7 28.5 31.4 34.2 37.0 38.2 31.3 26.2 22.4 16.0 12.2 0
30 0.54 1.22 2.28 4.26 6.13 7.94 11.4 14.8 18.1 21.4 24.5 27.7 30.8 33.8 36.8 39.8 42.4 34.7 29.1 24.8 17.8 13.5 0
32 0.57 1.31 2.45 4.56 6.57 8.52 12.3 15.9 19.4 22.9 26.3 29.7 33.0 36.3 39.5 42.7 46.7 38.2 32.0 27.3 19.6 14.9 0
35 0.63 1.44 2.69 5.03 7.24 9.38 13.5 17.5 21.4 25.2 29.0 32.7 36.3 39.9 43.5 47.1 53.4 43.7 36.6 31.3 22.4 17.0 0
40 0.73 1.67 3.11 5.81 8.37 10.8 15.6 20.2 24.7 29.1 33.5 37.7 42.0 46.1 50.3 54.4 62.5 53.4 44.7 38.2 27.3 0
45 0.83 1.89 3.53 6.60 9.50 12.3 17.7 23.0 28.1 33.1 38.0 42.0 47.7 52.4 57.1 61.7 70.9 63.7 53.4 45.6 32.6 0
Type A Type B Type C
Figure 48. Table for Determining the Type of Lubrication System Required
You may have noticed several jagged lines running down the table.
These lines indicate the ranges for each type of lubrication system should
be used.
To determine the type of lubrication system required for an
application, locate the sprocket size in the left-hand column of figure 48.
Then move across the table to the rotational speed of the sprocket. The
type of lubrication system that should be used is indicated at the bottom
of the table.
For example in figure 48, a number 60 chain drive system whose
smaller sprocket has 26 teeth and rotates at 1100 RPM would require a
Type B lubrication system. If it is rotated at 1200 RPM, it would require
a Type C lubrication system.
Procedure Overview
In this procedure, you will use several tables of
different sized chain drives to determine the lubrication
system required by a particular application.
Figure 52. Oil Viscosities that Should Be Used for a Given Temperature
Procedure Overview
In this procedure, you will use the manual method of
lubrication to apply lubricant to a chain drive system.
This ❑ 1. Continuing from an earlier skill, the motor trainer should still be
Do
set up, as shown in figure 53. If not, repeat Steps 4-11 in Skill 2 to
make it so.
❑ 4. By inverting the oil can and pressing on the bottom, oil is forced
through the tube and out of the tip.
ROLLER CHAIN
C. With your hand rotate the chain drive until the next link is
positioned where the last one was lubricated.
D. Repeat substep A to lubricate this link, and then substep B to
move to the next link.
E. Repeat this process until the entire chain has been lubricated.
❑ 5. Once the entire chain has been lubricated, inspect it for any links
that you may have missed.
❑ 6. Continuously rotate the chain by hand, listen for any squeaks, and
look for stiff or frozen links which could indicate links that were
not properly lubricated.
❑ 7. Clean up any spilled oil with the clean rag.
❑ 8. Return the oil can to its proper place and dispose of the rag in
accordance with your instructor.
Ans
1. To lubricate a chain by using an oil can or by removing the
chain and dipping it into an oil bath is called the
__________ method of lubrication.
The limits of wear for a sprocket is not nearly as well defined as the
wear limits of a chain. You should, however, look for reduced tooth
thickness and hooked teeth. If any of these conditions exist, the sprocket
is worn and should be replaced. Some other types of normal sprocket
wear are shown in figure 59.
CAUTION
tion
It is very important when replacing any component of a chain
u
Ca
CAUTION
drive system to replace both sprockets and chain. Mixing new
components with old ones will only cause premature failure of
the new components.
his
dT You will notice the failure of a chain drive, as well as any other
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mechanical system, at one of two times: either during a routine
inspection or when the system breaks down. Because of the inherent
danger of a mechanical failure and the resultant down time of the
machine while it is in repair, it is best to find a fault during periodic
inspections.
Troubleshooting, determining the cause of the fault, should be
performed when a fault is found. Most chain drive manufacturers
provide tables, similar to the one shown below, to aid in troubleshooting.
Troubleshooting with tables is a four-step process:
INSPECTION FAULTS
FAULT PROBABLE CAUSES CORRECTIVE ACTION
Wear on sides of chain or on sides • Shafts not parallel or sprockets • Remove the chain and properly
of sprocket teeth not in the same plane align the sprockets and shafts,
replace worn components
Broken chain parts • Chain speed too high for sprocket • Use a sprocket with more teeth
(pins, rollers, bushings, link plates) size and pitch and a chain of shorter pitch
• Sudden impact loads • Reduce the impact load, or
• Buildup of deposits in sprocket redesign drive
teeth • Clean sprockets
• Improper lubrication • Apply proper lubrication system
• Sprocket or chain corrosion • Protect from corrosive
• Excessive sprocket wear environments
• Check for wear, replace if
necessary
Stiff chain • Dirt or debris in chain joints • Cover drive to protect it from dirt
• Improper lubrication and debris, clean and relubricate
• Shafts not parallel or sprockets chain
not in the same plane • Apply proper lubrication system
• Chain corrosion • Remove the chain and properly
• Bent pins or flattened rollers due align the sprockets and shafts
to overload • Protect from corrosive
environments, replace chain if
necessary
• Replace chain, reduce load or
redesign drive
Broken sprocket teeth • Sprockets made of inferior • Replace with steel sprockets
materials • Reduce the impact load or
• Sudden impact loads redesign the drive, replace the
• Shafts not parallel or sprockets sprockets
not in the same plane • Remove the chain, replace and
• Foreign material in the drive properly align the sprockets and
shafts
• Remove the foreign material,
replace the sprockets
Uneven wear on the sprocket • Shafts not parallel or sprockets • Remove the chain and properly
not in the same plane align the sprockets and shafts,
• Chain overly elongated replace the sprockets if necessary
• Replace the chain
Chain pins are turned • Improper lubrication • Apply proper lubrication system,
• Overload replace chain
• Reduce load or redesign drive with
larger sprockets, replace chain
Battered or worn link plates • Obstruction interfering with chain • Eliminate interference, replace
chain
OPERATING FAULTS
FAULT PROBABLE CAUSES CORRECTIVE ACTION
Chain drive overheats • Drive speed too high • Reduce speed or redesign drive
• Improper lubrication with smaller pitch
• Speed too fast for bath lubrication • Apply proper lubrication system
• Drive component striking an and lubricant
obstruction • Use Type C lubrication system
• Eliminate interference
Excessive noise • Excessive chain or sprocket wear • Replace chain, replace and realign
• Chain overly elongated or has sprockets
excess sag • Replace chain if elongated, adjust
• Improper lubrication sag otherwise
• Drive component striking an • Apply proper lubrication system
obstruction • Eliminate obstruction
• Too few sprocket teeth • Redesign drive with larger
• Chain pitch too large sprockets
• Loose casing or component • Redesign drive with smaller chain
mounts pitch
• Shafts not parallel or sprockets • Tighten all fasteners
not in the same plane • Remove the chain and properly
align the sprockets and shafts
Chain climbs sprockets • Sprockets excessively worn • Replace and realign sprockets
• Shafts not parallel or sprockets • Remove the chain and properly
not in the same plane align the sprockets and shafts
• Chain does not fit sprocket • Make sure sprocket and chain are
• Buildup of deposits in sprocket of the same pitch
teeth • Clean sprockets
• Overload • Reduce load or redesign drive with
larger sprockets
Procedure Overview
In this procedure, you will measure a standard roller
chain to determine if it is still suitable for use due to
elongation.
This ❑ 1. Obtain the following items and lay them on the work surface.
Do
1 2 3
Procedure Overview
In this procedure, you will list the probable causes for a
given fault. You will also give the actual fault for a few of
the exercises and give the corrective action that should be
taken.
Improper lubrication
Improper lubrication
Chain corrosion
Water in lubricant
Improper lubrication
Water in lubricant
Improper lubrication
Pulsating overloads
dT
his Roller chain is supplied by distributors in standard lengths. Once it is
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received in the plant it must often be cut to length. A chain breaker is the
tool used to accomplish this.
A chain breaker is a tool that is designed strictly for removing a link
from a chain. Figure 62 shows a picture of a typical chain breaker.
PLUNGER
JAWS
PLUNGER
JAWS
The two handles are then squeezed together to open the jaws of the
chain breaker, which can then be placed around the roller of a chain link,
as shown in figure 64.
Figure 64. Placing the Jaws Around the Roller of a Chain Link
Figure 65. The plunger pushes the pin out of a chain link.
Once the pin is removed, the tool can be taken off the chain link and
the chain can be disassembled.
NOTE
e This
tic Often, the pin being pushed out by the chain breaker will only
No
bend the opposite link plate. When this happens, simply remove
the chain puller, spin the now empty link plate out of the way,
and apply the chain breaker to the other side of the chain.
Procedure Overview
In this procedure, you will remove a link from a scrap
length of chain. This skill will familiarize you with the
operation of the chain breaker.
This ❑ 1. Obtain the chain breaker and a scrap length of chain. The chain
Do
PLUNGER
JAWS
Figure 67. Placing the Chain Link in the Jaws of the Chain Breaker
Ans
1. Chain drive systems that are ____________ lubricated
should have their oil levels checked often enough to make
sure that they never run dry.