• peculiar hot & cold

relationship- US since
independence.
•Cold War era indo-us relations
witnessed many ups & downs.
•Relation was not encouraging &
always sense of mistrust b/w
them.
• us policy tended for Pakistan.
• completely disregarding India’s
safety & security.
• us was not ready to accept
involvement of pak in terrorist
activity especially in j&k.

Differences in plolicies: • closeness b/w india & USSR

teases threat for US from side of
India.
• CW gave birth to two power
Introduction bloc US & USSR
India - US relations
• India took stand by not joining
any bloc.
Cold War stand of india. • created group of non aligned
nations.
•by this india was never
considered as impo nations in
US foreign policy.
• USA was seen as pushing
• India and us seen as world cause for india independence.
larger and oldest democracy • relation was not fruitful in initial
respectively . • initially having strong ties. years after independence bcoz
ideological war during Cold War
era.
• phase marked as era of
polarisation
• india as being newly
independent country choose
strategic autonomy by adopting
NAM.
• Result India didn’t join any
military alliance SEATO &
CENTO.
• pak joined US military bloc .
• This makes india position with
USA weak and led to diff b/w
countries in every int. Forum.

1. Indo-us in era of Cold War: • India didn’t got a positive

• despite political diff and military
non cooperation b/w india&
USA .
• Two are partners in
international forums
• india received food aid from
USA during info china conflict .
• USA helped india in 1970s
through loan from world bank.
• india refused arm race that had
started during Cold War.
• this lead to sanction by USA .
• india opposed USA war in
Vietnam & indo-china peninsular
India on disarmament and
region.
against US sanctionary.
• india strategic position on
disarmament made her reject
nuclear proliferation treaty.
• india oppose discriminatory
treaty.
India-USA relations will always
seen through phases.
USA helping hands:
India relationship with USA
Pakistan - hypernated
relationship b/w india & US
• diffusion of atomic- hiroshima
& Nagasaki was marked as
mistrust & start of Cold War.
• partition of Indian sub
continent was very tragic for
both nations.
• both emerged as strong rivals.
• india refused to be ally of
USA , but pak accepted
invitation and joined CENTO,
SEATO.
• Cold War led diff b/w countries
was clearly visible - Hungarian
crisis, china’s membership in
UN, Kashmir problem, etc.
• situation improved with waning
of Cold War.
• when india opened its
economy & emerged as strong
power.
• pak received arm transfer and
other other diplomatic aid from
USA .
support from US in Kashmir
issue.
• Begun immediate after
independence
• actions of pak was not
# Kashmir issue recognised by US.
- attitude continued till 1971.
• US recognises india stand to
• US imposed arm sanction on settle conflict .
india. • Through bilateral dialogue
• it also improved with
disintegration of USSR.
• US started tilting toward india
& developed strong relation with • USS mediated info-pak
India • reflected in Kargil war 1999 conflict.

In afghanistan & sideline pak for
her tacit support to terrorist
element.
• it’s also allows india to sign -
nuclear cooperation agreement
with other countries like Russia,
jaoan, France ets
India - encouraged - major role -
• restoring peace. US south Asian strategy Ann-
• stability Strategy aim: august 2017
Malacca strait link- Indian
Ocean with pacific & south china
become disputed place b/w 2 hotspots : malacca strait &
china and 5 neighbours. South China Sea.
• india got excess to commerce
in civil nuclear agreement from
(NSG)
• intelligence gathering
• reconnaissance modules for
c-130 h super Hercules aircraft
• mobile electric hybrid power
source
• chemical & biological warfare
protection gear for soldiers.
• major supply routes :
international trade & energy
resources, contains.
• when bush signed agreement
india seen as responsible
nuclear power.
Decided to launch:
• Malabar naval exercise in
2007 .
• sone of impo project for co-
development indentified under
this agreement are: Result
• indo pacific region assumed
strategic and economic
significance in recent years.
Issues -
Reason 1: india relationship Reason 2: improved due to
• india came as a key ally to improved coz disintegration of India’s economic climate Reason 3: end of Cold War led
support usa against terrorism. USSR led to end the ideological • india adopted USA economic to the end of pak relevance to
debate. model by asking loans from IMF. USA.
• peaceful civil nuclear • make capitalism/ free market & • strategising economy in line • made USA to look new partner.
cooperation agreement signed- democracy as the dominant with USA model; free trade and • bearer of USA ideology in
2005 - first major strategic ideology of that time. market based economy. South Asia.
breakthrough b/w nations.
• Economic openness attracted
India-USA bilateral American diplomats & there was
# civil nuclear cooperation. - led to:
• ended the isolation of india - relations after the End of a list of emerging market , could • This was complimented by PM • us commerce secretory signed • 10 buissness deal and trade
global nuclear power & Cold War + issues + after foster america trade and narsimha Rao initiative. memorandum of understanding pact with india.
sanctions 1974 were now lifted. sep 2001 investment ,india was one of • reshape relations by visiting • visit yield positive to create a commercial alliance
them. Washington in may 1994. development . b/w two countries. Defence cooperation signed a
• defence framework
part for building intense defence
cooperation agreement was
cooperation with India.
signed in 2005 for 10 years
period .
After sep 11
# defence cooperation.
• joint maritime
• arm supply
• sharing of defence info
• Rise of china and Asian
countries , ASEAN members
• china claims 90% South China
Sea, indulge power projection,
not accepted by US on ground
of freedom of navigation.
• and in indo pacific China
launches 21st century maritime
sold route.
• US resident power in this # Indo-pacific theatre
region after ww2 & rise of China
and power projection making
dent on us influence in the
region - result :
• us pacific command renamed
as indo pacific command US
attaches india and Indian
Ocean .